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Braskem Sa (BAK)
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Braskem SA (BAK) AI Stock Analysis

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BAK

Braskem SA

(NYSE:BAK)

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Underperform 40 (OpenAI - 4o)
Rating:40Underperform
Price Target:
$2.50
▲(4.17% Upside)
Braskem SA's overall stock score is heavily impacted by its weak financial performance, characterized by declining revenues, negative profitability, and high financial leverage. The technical analysis suggests a bearish trend, and the valuation is unattractive due to a negative P/E ratio and lack of dividend yield. These factors collectively result in a low overall stock score.
Positive Factors
Cash Management
The increase in cash reserves through a stand-by credit facility enhances Braskem's liquidity, providing a buffer against industry downturns and supporting operational stability.
Sustainability Initiatives
Braskem's focus on sustainability and bio-based products positions it to capitalize on the growing demand for environmentally friendly solutions, potentially driving long-term revenue growth.
Governance Enhancements
Enhancing corporate governance through board and bylaw updates can improve strategic decision-making and stakeholder engagement, supporting long-term business resilience.
Negative Factors
High Financial Leverage
High financial leverage poses risks to Braskem's financial stability, limiting its ability to invest in growth opportunities and increasing vulnerability to economic downturns.
Declining Profitability
Declining profitability, as reflected in negative net profit margins, suggests operational inefficiencies and challenges in maintaining competitive pricing, impacting long-term financial health.
Credit Rating Downgrade
Credit rating downgrades reflect heightened financial risk and can increase borrowing costs, constraining Braskem's ability to finance operations and strategic initiatives.

Braskem SA (BAK) vs. SPDR S&P 500 ETF (SPY)

Braskem SA Business Overview & Revenue Model

Company DescriptionBraskem SA (BAK) is a Brazilian petrochemical company and the largest producer of thermoplastic resins in the Americas. It operates in the petrochemical sector, focusing on the production and distribution of various chemicals and plastics. Braskem's core products include polyethylene, polypropylene, and PVC, which are essential for a wide range of applications in industries such as packaging, automotive, construction, and consumer goods. The company is also committed to sustainability, investing in bio-based products and innovative recycling technologies.
How the Company Makes MoneyBraskem generates revenue primarily through the production and sale of its petrochemical products, including polyethylene, polypropylene, and PVC. The company operates several production facilities and has a diverse customer base across different sectors, which helps stabilize its revenue streams. Key revenue sources include sales to manufacturers in packaging, automotive, and construction industries. Additionally, Braskem has entered into strategic partnerships and joint ventures that enhance its market position and provide access to new technologies and markets. The company's focus on sustainability and development of bio-based plastics also positions it to capitalize on the growing demand for environmentally friendly products, contributing positively to its earnings.

Braskem SA Earnings Call Summary

Earnings Call Date:Aug 06, 2025
(Q1-2025)
|
% Change Since: |
Next Earnings Date:Nov 10, 2025
Earnings Call Sentiment Neutral
The earnings call highlighted strong performance in several segments, with significant EBITDA growth and a strong cash position. However, high leverage and market challenges, particularly in Europe, present concerns. The sentiment is balanced with both positive achievements and ongoing challenges.
Q1-2025 Updates
Positive Updates
Significant Increase in EBITDA
Braskem's consolidated recurring EBITDA for Q1 2025 was $224 million, a 121% increase compared to Q4 2024.
Net Profit Growth
The net profit attributable to shareholders was $113 million, driven by greater spreads of PE and chemicals and increased sales in international markets.
Strong Cash Position
Braskem's cash position was $2 billion at the end of Q1 2025, sufficient to cover debt maturities for the next 33 months without considering a $1 billion revolving credit line.
Operational Improvements
All segments showed higher utilization rates, and the global accident frequency rate was maintained at 0.92 events per million hours worked.
Renewables Segment Achievements
Green ethylene operations increased, and capacity at Triunfo was revised to 270,000 tons per year. The company celebrated 15 years of its Agriem Bio Base portfolio.
Inauguration of Ethane Import Terminal in Mexico
Braskem Idesa inaugurated an ethane import terminal with a capacity to receive and store 54,000 tons, supporting full operational capacity in the region.
Negative Updates
High Corporate Leverage
Corporate leverage stood at 7.92 times at the end of Q1 2025, indicating financial pressure.
Challenges in Europe Segment
European operations faced challenges due to decreased feedstock supplies, impacting production and sales.
Inventory Management Issues
Operating cash consumption was approximately BRL 936 million, driven by negative variations in working capital and inventory management challenges.
Potential Impact of Tariff Uncertainties
The second quarter is expected to be challenging due to prolonged shutdowns in international markets and new tariff scenarios.
Ongoing Alagoas Financial Provisions
Total provision for the Alagoas event was around BRL 17.6 billion, with ongoing financial impact.
Company Guidance
During Braskem's earnings call for the first quarter of 2025, significant guidance and metrics were shared. The company reported a consolidated recurring EBITDA of $224 million, marking a 121% increase compared to the previous quarter. Net profit attributable to shareholders was $113 million, buoyed by favorable international market spreads for PE and chemicals. Operationally, Braskem maintained high safety standards with an average global accident frequency rate of 0.92 events per million hours worked. The company's cash position stood at $2 billion, sufficient to cover debt maturities for the next 33 months without tapping into a $1 billion international revolving credit line. The Mexico segment achieved a recurring EBITDA of $37 million, an increase of 6% from the previous quarter, and the United States and Europe segment reported a recurring EBITDA of $20 million. The company also highlighted strategic initiatives, including the inauguration of an ethane import terminal in Mexico and a focus on increasing the production of green ethylene, with the capacity at Triunfo revised to 270,000 tons annually. Braskem's corporate debt profile remained elongated, with an average term of around nine years and 68% of the debt maturing from 2030. The company also discussed its strategic direction, emphasizing resilience, financial health, and transformation, with initiatives aimed at generating an additional $600 million in EBITDA growth by 2030.

Braskem SA Financial Statement Overview

Summary
Braskem SA faces significant financial challenges, with declining profitability, high leverage, and cash flow issues. Negative equity and substantial debt levels pose risks, while recent revenue declines and net losses compound the company's financial instability.
Income Statement
35
Negative
Braskem SA has seen a decline in total revenue from 2021 to 2024, with significant net losses reported in recent years. The Gross Profit Margin has decreased, reflecting pressure on profitability. The EBIT and EBITDA margins have also weakened, indicating operational challenges.
Balance Sheet
30
Negative
The balance sheet shows negative stockholders' equity as of 2024, indicating financial instability. The debt-to-equity ratio is not calculable due to negative equity, highlighting high leverage. The company has a substantial total debt, increasing financial risk. ROE is not meaningful with negative equity.
Cash Flow
40
Negative
Braskem SA's cash flow situation is concerning, with negative free cash flow reported for the past two years. Operating cash flow has improved since 2023 but remains weak compared to historical levels. The free cash flow to net income ratio is negative, indicating cash flow challenges.
BreakdownTTMDec 2024Dec 2023Dec 2022Dec 2021Dec 2020
Income Statement
Total Revenue77.73B77.41B70.57B96.52B105.63B58.54B
Gross Profit5.07B6.00B3.02B11.36B32.06B11.21B
EBITDA5.64B2.70B3.80B8.84B27.28B-1.65B
Net Income-5.81B-11.32B-4.58B-820.00M13.98B-7.02B
Balance Sheet
Total Assets91.30B101.58B91.74B88.05B92.56B86.08B
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments10.30B16.77B19.14B14.76B11.34B16.17B
Total Debt65.37B73.72B59.91B52.78B53.53B59.56B
Total Liabilities94.56B105.85B88.46B81.94B86.36B89.95B
Stockholders Equity-3.81B-4.78B3.99B7.32B7.87B-2.20B
Cash Flow
Free Cash Flow-5.76B-1.33B-6.80B4.10B11.37B3.53B
Operating Cash Flow-2.59B2.44B-2.27B8.95B14.79B6.29B
Investing Cash Flow-2.92B-3.48B-4.53B-4.95B-3.38B-2.72B
Financing Cash Flow520.00M469.00M8.87B225.00M-16.97B2.17B

Braskem SA Technical Analysis

Technical Analysis Sentiment
Negative
Last Price2.40
Price Trends
50DMA
2.90
Negative
100DMA
3.09
Negative
200DMA
3.51
Negative
Market Momentum
MACD
-0.07
Negative
RSI
42.97
Neutral
STOCH
46.93
Neutral
Evaluating momentum and price trends is crucial in stock analysis to make informed investment decisions. For BAK, the sentiment is Negative. The current price of 2.4 is below the 20-day moving average (MA) of 2.53, below the 50-day MA of 2.90, and below the 200-day MA of 3.51, indicating a bearish trend. The MACD of -0.07 indicates Negative momentum. The RSI at 42.97 is Neutral, neither overbought nor oversold. The STOCH value of 46.93 is Neutral, not indicating any strong overbought or oversold conditions. Overall, these indicators collectively point to a Negative sentiment for BAK.

Braskem SA Risk Analysis

Braskem SA disclosed 74 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. Braskem SA reported the most risks in the "Finance & Corporate" category.
Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy
Latest Risks Added 0 New Risks

Braskem SA Peers Comparison

Overall Rating
UnderperformOutperform
Sector (61)
Financial Indicators
Name
Overall Rating
Market Cap
P/E Ratio
ROE
Dividend Yield
Revenue Growth
EPS Growth
$499.03M6.559.85%3.44%1.31%796.76%
$10.43B7.12-0.05%2.87%2.86%-36.73%
$1.42B-10.43%12.22%-1.56%-259.58%
$16.92B-6.39%10.27%-5.25%-208.14%
$4.21B-25.69%0.31%-5.83%-183.85%
$554.84M-2.22-14.11%12.14%0.20%-292.54%
$1.06B-1.00-3.33%44.37%
* Basic Materials Sector Average
Performance Comparison
Ticker
Company Name
Price
Change
% Change
BAK
Braskem SA
2.51
-3.41
-57.60%
CE
Celanese
38.44
-84.76
-68.80%
HUN
Huntsman
8.28
-11.94
-59.05%
TROX
TRONOX
3.50
-7.78
-68.97%
ASIX
AdvanSix
18.59
-10.41
-35.90%
DOW
Dow Inc
23.85
-20.72
-46.49%

Braskem SA Corporate Events

Braskem Responds to Allegations on Rock Salt Exploration
Oct 22, 2025

On October 21, 2025, Braskem S.A. addressed a request from the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission for clarification regarding a news report about a complaint filed against the company by the Federal Public Ministry of Alagoas. The complaint, related to the exploration of rock salt in Maceió, was reported on October 19, 2025. Braskem stated that it became aware of the complaint on October 16, 2025, but has not yet accessed its content due to judicial secrecy. The company has been updating stakeholders on the ongoing Federal Police investigation in Alagoas through its financial statements, indicating its commitment to transparency.

Braskem S.A. Announces Extraordinary General Meeting for November 2025
Oct 14, 2025

Braskem S.A. has announced an Extraordinary General Meeting to be held on November 13, 2025, with the agenda focusing on the replacement of a board member, amendments to the company’s bylaws, and the consolidation of these amendments. The meeting will be conducted digitally, allowing shareholders to participate via a digital platform or remote voting. These changes aim to align the company’s governance with its current operational realities and streamline decision-making processes, potentially impacting its strategic direction and stakeholder engagement.

Braskem S.A. Announces Extraordinary General Meeting for Governance Updates
Oct 14, 2025

Braskem S.A. has announced an Extraordinary General Meeting scheduled for November 13, 2025, to address several key governance issues. The agenda includes the replacement of a board member, amendments to the company’s bylaws, and the consolidation of these bylaws to reflect recent changes. This meeting underscores Braskem’s commitment to enhancing its corporate governance practices and may have implications for its strategic direction and stakeholder engagement.

Braskem S.A. Announces Extraordinary General Meeting for November 2025
Oct 14, 2025

Braskem S.A. announced an upcoming Extraordinary General Meeting scheduled for November 13, 2025, where shareholders will address several key proposals. These include the replacement of a board member, amendments to the company’s bylaws to align with current operations, and updates to the election process for the Board of Directors. The meeting will be held digitally, allowing shareholders to participate remotely. These changes aim to enhance governance and operational efficiency, potentially impacting Braskem’s strategic direction and stakeholder engagement.

Braskem S.A. Announces Remote Voting for November 2025 EGM
Oct 14, 2025

Braskem S.A. has announced the procedures for shareholders to participate in its upcoming Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) scheduled for November 13, 2025. The company is facilitating remote voting through a distance voting ballot, which must be submitted by November 9, 2025, to be considered valid. This initiative underscores Braskem’s commitment to enhancing shareholder engagement and ensuring broad participation in corporate governance matters.

Braskem S.A. Reports September 2025 Securities Operations
Oct 10, 2025

In September 2025, Braskem S.A. reported its securities and derivatives operations, indicating no new activities beyond those required by regulatory compliance. The report highlights the company’s adherence to financial regulations, reflecting its commitment to transparency and accountability in its financial operations.

Braskem S.A. Reports No Securities Transactions in September 2025
Oct 10, 2025

In September 2025, Braskem S.A. reported no transactions involving securities and derivatives by its management and related persons, as per Article 11 of CVM Instruction #358/2002. This announcement indicates a stable period in the company’s trading activities, potentially reflecting a steady operational phase or strategic decision-making by the management.

Braskem Addresses Takeover Speculation Amidst Market Rumors
Oct 8, 2025

On October 7, 2025, Braskem S.A. addressed a request from the Securities and Exchange Commission of Brazil for clarification regarding a news report about a potential takeover by creditor banks and Petrobras. Braskem clarified that it is not involved in any negotiations concerning the sale of controlling interest and is unaware of the reported information, with both Novonor and Petrobras denying involvement in such discussions.

Braskem Bolsters Cash Reserves Amid Industry Downturn
Oct 6, 2025

On October 3, 2025, Braskem S.A. announced the withdrawal of a US$1.0 billion stand-by credit facility, increasing its available cash to US$2.3 billion. This move aligns with Braskem’s conservative cash management strategy and aims to mitigate the impacts of a prolonged industry downturn, reinforcing its commitment to stakeholders and enhancing its market position.

Braskem S.A. Receives CADE Approval for Concentration Act
Oct 1, 2025

On October 1, 2025, Braskem S.A. announced that the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) has approved the Concentration Act No. 08700.006808/2025-81, submitted by NSP Investimentos S.A. and Petroquímica Verde Fundo de Investimento em Participações. This approval, which was unanimous and without restrictions, marks a significant step in the ongoing negotiations between the involved parties. Braskem has committed to keeping the market informed of any further developments, highlighting the potential impact on its operations and strategic positioning within the industry.

Braskem Faces Credit Downgrade Amid Industry Challenges
Sep 29, 2025

On September 29, 2025, Braskem S.A. announced that its corporate credit ratings were downgraded by Fitch Ratings and S&P Global Ratings to CCC+ and CCC- with a negative outlook, respectively. This development underscores the challenges Braskem faces amid a prolonged global downturn in the chemical industry. The company remains committed to implementing resilience and transformation initiatives to mitigate these impacts and strengthen its market position.

Braskem S.A. Engages Advisors to Optimize Capital Structure Amid Industry Challenges
Sep 26, 2025

On September 26, 2025, Braskem S.A. announced that it has engaged financial and legal advisors to explore economic-financial alternatives aimed at optimizing its capital structure. This initiative is part of the company’s efforts to address the challenges posed by a prolonged industry downturn and to reinforce its commitment to stakeholders by implementing transformation initiatives to strengthen its market position.

Braskem Faces Credit Downgrade Amidst Petrochemical Industry Challenges
Sep 19, 2025

On September 19, 2025, Braskem S.A. announced that S&P Global Ratings has downgraded its global corporate credit rating to B+ with a negative outlook. The company is actively working on resilience initiatives to counteract the prolonged downturn in the petrochemical industry cycle, aiming to bolster the competitiveness of the Brazilian chemical sector.

Braskem S.A. Reports No Securities Transactions in August 2025
Sep 10, 2025

In August 2025, Braskem S.A. reported no transactions involving securities and derivatives executed by management and related persons, as per Article 11 of CVM Instruction #358/2002. This disclosure is part of the company’s ongoing compliance with regulatory requirements, reflecting transparency in its financial activities and potentially impacting stakeholder confidence.

Braskem S.A. Reports August 2025 Securities and Derivatives Activities
Sep 10, 2025

In August 2025, Braskem S.A. reported on its operations involving securities and derivatives, adhering to regulatory requirements. The company disclosed its holdings and trading activities, which reflect its compliance with financial regulations and its ongoing efforts to maintain transparency with stakeholders.

Braskem Idesa Engages Advisors for Capital Structure Review Amid Economic Challenges
Sep 8, 2025

On September 8, 2025, Braskem S.A. announced that its subsidiary, Braskem Idesa, has engaged financial and legal advisors to review its capital structure and liquidity conditions. This move is part of Braskem Idesa’s strategy to address macroeconomic uncertainties, commodity price volatility, and increased input costs, aiming to preserve liquidity and improve overall results.

Braskem S.A. Announces Strategic Naphtha Purchase Agreement
Aug 29, 2025

On August 19, 2025, Braskem S.A. entered into a related-party transaction with Refinaria de Petróleo Riograndense S.A. (RPR) for the purchase of petrochemical naphtha, valued at approximately R$270 million. This agreement, effective from September to December 2025, involves spot-based purchases with prices referenced to international standards, highlighting Braskem’s strategic procurement approach and its potential impact on operational efficiency.

Braskem S.A. Addresses Capital Structure Challenges Amid Industry Pressures
Aug 28, 2025

On August 28, 2025, Braskem S.A. announced that it is exploring various options to address challenges related to the capital structure of its joint venture, Braskem Idesa, due to external factors impacting the global petrochemical industry. The company has committed to keeping the market informed of any significant developments, which may have implications for its operations and stakeholders.

Braskem S.A. Announces Anti-Dumping Duties on Polyethylene Imports
Aug 28, 2025

On August 27, 2025, Braskem S.A. announced that the Ministry of Development, Industry, Commerce and Services approved provisional anti-dumping duties on polyethylene resin imports from the United States and Canada. This decision, effective upon publication in the Federal Official Gazette, is expected to last up to six months, potentially impacting Braskem’s market positioning by reducing competition from these imports.

Braskem Faces Uncertainty as Tanure Exits Negotiations
Aug 28, 2025

On August 27, 2025, Braskem S.A. addressed a request for clarification from the Securities and Exchange Commission of Brazil regarding news about the withdrawal of businessman Nelson Tanure from negotiations to take control of the company. Despite the expiration of a 90-day exclusivity period with Petroquímica Verde Investment Fund, Braskem continues discussions about divestment with Novonor. The company confirmed that no new material facts have emerged to alter previous disclosures, maintaining its current strategic direction.

Braskem Continues Stake Sale Talks with Petroquímica Verde
Aug 22, 2025

On August 22, 2025, Braskem S.A. announced that Novonor S.A. is continuing discussions with Petroquímica Verde Fundo de Investimentos regarding the divestment of its stake in Braskem, despite the expiration of a 90-day exclusivity period. This ongoing negotiation could impact Braskem’s ownership structure and market positioning, with potential implications for shareholders and stakeholders.

Braskem’s Credit Rating Downgraded by Fitch Amid Industry Challenges
Aug 13, 2025

On August 13, 2025, Braskem S.A. announced that Fitch Ratings has downgraded its global corporate credit rating to BB-, with a Negative Outlook. This revision reflects the ongoing challenges in the global petrochemical industry, impacting the company’s liquidity. In response, Braskem is implementing resilience initiatives to mitigate these effects and bolster the competitiveness of the Brazilian chemical industry.

Braskem Initiates Asset Discussions with Unipar
Aug 8, 2025

On August 8, 2025, Braskem S.A. announced that it has begun discussions with Unipar Carbocloro S.A. regarding potential transactions involving its assets in the United States. While no definitive agreements have been made, Braskem is exploring opportunities as part of its regular activities and remains committed to its Resilience and Transformation Program to address challenges in the global petrochemical industry.

Braskem S.A. Files Form 6-K with SEC Detailing Future Outlook Amid Challenges
Aug 7, 2025

On August 7, 2025, Braskem S.A. submitted a report under Form 6-K to the Securities and Exchange Commission, signed by Chief Financial Officer Felipe Montoro Jens. The report includes forward-looking statements about the company’s future economic circumstances, industry conditions, and performance, highlighting potential impacts from a geological event in Alagoas and the COVID-19 pandemic on its operations and financial results.

Braskem S.A. Reports 2Q25 Results Amid Global Trade Challenges
Aug 7, 2025

In the second quarter of 2025, Braskem S.A. faced challenges due to global trade tensions and tariff uncertainties, which led to a decrease in international reference prices for key products like PE, PP, and PVC. Despite these challenges, the company recorded a recurring EBITDA of US$74 million and a net profit of R$431 million in the first half of 2025. The Brazil/South America segment saw stable plant utilization and increased resin sales, while the U.S. and Europe segment faced higher feedstock costs, resulting in a negative recurring EBITDA. In Mexico, Braskem Idesa began its first general maintenance stoppage, affecting ethane supply. The Brazilian chemical industry’s low idleness rate and discussions on competitive parity measures like PRESIQ are seen as crucial for enhancing industry competitiveness.

Braskem S.A. Files SEC Report Highlighting Regulatory Compliance
Aug 7, 2025

On August 7, 2025, Braskem S.A. filed a report with the Securities and Exchange Commission, signed by CFO Felipe Montoro Jens. The report, submitted under Form 6-K, highlights the company’s adherence to regulatory requirements and includes a disclaimer on forward-looking statements, indicating potential impacts from legal proceedings and economic conditions on its operations.

Braskem S.A. Secures Natural Gas Supply Deal with Petrobras
Aug 6, 2025

On August 5, 2025, Braskem S.A. announced a related-party transaction involving its controlled company, Voqen Energia Ltda., and Petrobras. The agreement, signed on July 28, 2025, entails the supply of natural gas by Petrobras to Voqen under a firm and non-flexible contract to meet Braskem’s needs in Rio Grande do Sul. The contract, valued at approximately R$ 324 million, is set to run from August 1, 2025, to December 31, 2026, and aligns with Braskem’s Related Party Transactions Policy. This strategic move is expected to enhance Braskem’s operational efficiency and secure its energy supply in the region.

Braskem S.A. Reports Q2 2025 Challenges Amid Global Trade Tensions
Jul 31, 2025

In the second quarter of 2025, Braskem S.A. faced challenges due to global trade tensions and tariff uncertainties, leading to a decrease in international reference prices for key products like PE and PP. This, combined with higher feedstock costs from previous periods, impacted the company’s profitability. Efforts were made to optimize inventory levels and improve operational efficiency. In Mexico, a maintenance shutdown at Braskem Idesa affected PE production, while in Brazil, the company saw increased resin sales due to anticipated price changes. Exports rose significantly compared to the previous quarter, driven by higher product availability. The company’s operations in the United States and Europe experienced mixed results, with increased demand in the U.S. but lower production in Europe due to feedstock supply issues.

Glossary
BuyA stock rated as a "Buy" is expected to perform better than the overall market or a specific benchmark over the near-to-medium term. This rating suggests the stock is likely to deliver higher returns compared to other stocks in the same sector or market index. Note: This is not investment advice; please consult a financial advisor before making investment decisions.
HoldA stock rated as a "Hold" is expected to perform in line with the overall market or a specific benchmark. This rating indicates that the stock is neither particularly compelling nor unfavorable for investment. Note: This is not investment advice; please consult a financial advisor before making investment decisions.
SellA stock rated as a "Sell" is expected to perform worse than the overall market or a specific benchmark over the near-to-medium term. This rating suggests the stock may deliver lower returns compared to other stocks in the same sector or market index. Note: This is not investment advice; please consult a financial advisor before making investment decisions.

Disclaimer

This AI Analyst Stock Report is automatically generated by our AI systems using advanced algorithms and publicly available financial, technical, and market data. While the information provided aims to be accurate and insightful, it is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Any content created by an AI (Artificial Intelligence) system may contain inaccuracies and/or contain errors. Investing in stocks carries inherent risks, and past performance is not indicative of future results. This report does not account for your personal financial circumstances, objectives, or risk tolerance. Always conduct your own research or consult with a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions. The analysis and recommendations provided are based on historical and current data and may not fully reflect future market conditions or unexpected developments. Neither the creators of this report nor its affiliated entities guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of the information presented. Use this report at your own discretion and risk.Date of analysis: Oct 24, 2025