American Eagle (AEO) Risk Analysis

From time to time, we are party to several legal proceedings arising out of various aspects of our business. The outcome of these proceedings may not be favorable, and one or more unfavorable outcomes could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. General Risk Factors Additionally, other factors could adversely affect our financial performance, including factors such as our ability to successfully acquire and integrate other businesses; any interruption of our key infrastructure systems, including exceeding capacity in our distribution centers; any disaster or casualty resulting in the interruption of service from our distribution centers or in a large number of our stores; any interruption of our business related to an outbreak of a pandemic disease in a country where we source or market our merchandise; extreme weather conditions or changes in climate conditions or weather patterns; activist investors; and the effects of changes in interest rates. The impact of any of the previously discussed factors, some of which are beyond our control, and others which we are not aware of or which we do not currently consider material, may cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations expressed elsewhere in this Annual Report and other forward-looking statements we may make from time to time.

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions. We record tax expense based on our estimates of future payments, which include reserves for uncertain tax positions in multiple tax jurisdictions. At any time, multiple tax years are subject to audit by various taxing authorities. The results of these audits and negotiations with taxing authorities may affect the ultimate settlement of these issues. In addition, the tax laws and regulations in the countries where we operate may change or there may be changes in interpretation and enforcement of existing tax laws. As a result, we expect that throughout the year there could be ongoing variability in our quarterly tax rates as events occur and exposures are evaluated. Our effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be materially impacted by changes in the mix and level of earnings by jurisdiction or by changes to existing accounting rules or regulations. Recent tax legislation and regulations, including provisions of the 2025 One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") and potential increases in taxes, make significant changes to the U.S. tax regime and could materially impact how our earnings are taxed. We are also subject to the examination of our tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and state and local taxing authorities in the United States and by taxing authorities in other jurisdictions. The laws and regulations related to tax matters are extremely complex, require significant judgment and are subject to varying interpretations and application. Although we believe our positions are reasonable, they are subject to challenge and the results of audits or related disputes could have an adverse effect on our financial statements for the period or periods for which the applicable final determinations are made. For example, we and our subsidiaries are also engaged in a number of intercompany transactions across multiple tax jurisdictions. Although we believe we have clearly reflected the economics of these transactions and the proper local transfer pricing documentation is in place, tax authorities may propose and sustain adjustments that could result in changes that may impact our mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates.

State, federal, and foreign governments are increasingly enacting laws and regulations governing the collection, use, retention, sharing, transfer, and security of personally identifiable information and data. A variety of federal, state, local, and foreign laws and regulations, orders, rules, codes, regulatory guidance and certain industry standards regarding privacy, data protection, consumer protection, information security and the processing of personal information and other data apply to our business. The state and federal legislative and regulatory activity in this area may result in new or amended regulation or guidance that may hinder our business, for example, by restricting use or sharing of consumer data (including for marketing and advertising) or otherwise regulating AI (including the use of algorithms and automated processing) which could materially affect our business or significantly increase the cost of compliance. Additionally, the use of AI, including potential inadvertent disclosure of confidential information or personal data, could also lead to legal and regulatory investigations and enforcement actions, or may give rise to specific obligations, including required notices, consents and opt-outs, under various data privacy, protection and cybersecurity laws and regulations in a number of jurisdictions. We also may be subject to other consumer data and protection/privacy laws. Additionally, the regulatory environment is increasingly demanding with frequent new and changing requirements concerning cybersecurity, information security and privacy, which may be inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another. Any failure by us or any of our business partners to comply with applicable laws, rules, and regulations may result in investigations or actions against us by governmental entities, private claims and litigation, fines, penalties or other liabilities. Such events may increase our expenses, expose us to liabilities and impair our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Moreover, the increasing adoption of AI technologies has led data protection authorities around the world to consider and adopt new and evolving interpretations of data protection laws. Such laws and regulations focused on the use and provision of AI technologies may impose certain obligations on us (e.g., obligations regarding processing of personal data, including required notices, consents and opt-outs) and could result in monetary penalties or other regulatory actions. While we aim to comply with applicable privacy and data protection laws and obligations, there is no assurance that we will not be subject to claims that we have violated such laws and obligations, will be able to successfully defend against such claims, or will not be subject to significant fines and penalties in the event of non-compliance. Additionally, to the extent that multiple state-level laws are introduced with inconsistent or conflicting standards and there is no federal law to preempt such laws, compliance with such laws could be difficult and costly to achieve, or impossible to achieve, and we could be subject to fines and penalties in the event of non-compliance.

We continue to invest in digital marketing to drive qualified traffic to our site. Our success with these efforts depends on an ability to attract customers cost effectively and, to do so, we rely heavily on relationships with providers of online services, search engines, social media and other websites and e-commerce businesses to provide content, advertising banners and other links that direct customers to our websites. We also use social media, including Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and others, as well as affiliate marketing, email, SMS, and direct mail, as part of our multi-channel approach to marketing and we expect that our use of social media for marketing purposes will increase over time. We rely on these relationships to provide significant traffic to our website and as important marketing channels and sources of information regarding potential customers. If digital platforms change or penalize us with their algorithms, terms of service, display and featuring of search results, or if competition increases for advertisements, we may be unable to cost-effectively attract customers. Our relationships with digital platforms are not covered by long-term contractual agreements and do not require any specific performance commitments. In addition, many of the platforms and agencies with whom we have advertising arrangements provide advertising services to other companies, including retailers with whom we compete. As competition for online advertising has increased, the cost for some of these services has also increased. A significant increase in the cost of the marketing providers upon which we rely could adversely impact our ability to attract customers cost effectively and harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition, laws and regulations governing the use of these platforms and other digital marketing channels are rapidly evolving. It may become more difficult for us or our partners to comply with such laws, and future data privacy laws and regulations or industry standards, as well as related enforcement, may restrict or limit our ability to use some or all of the marketing strategies on which we currently rely. The failure by us, our employees or third parties acting at our direction to abide by applicable laws and regulations in the use of these platforms could adversely impact our reputation or subject us to fines or other penalties.

The sale of apparel, accessories, intimates, and personal care products is a highly competitive business with numerous participants, including individual and chain specialty apparel retailers, local, regional, national, and international department stores, online businesses, discount stores and fast-fashion retailers. Fast fashion, value fashion and off-price retailers have shifted customer expectations of pricing for well-known brands and have contributed to additional promotional and pricing pressure in recent years. Changing consumer preferences has resulted and may continue to result in new competition for our products. Additionally, competition in the apparel industry is particularly enhanced in the digital marketplace, where there are new entrants in the market as well as established competitors. The substantial sales growth in the digital channel within the last several years has led to greater pricing pressure and heightened customer expectations and competitive pressure related to, among other things, customer engagement, delivery speed, shipping charges and return privileges. Some of our competitors have robust digital consumer experiences and highly efficient delivery systems. Furthermore, an overall decrease in mall traffic continues to place a greater reliance on the digital channel, which in turn increases competitive risks with respect to digital and online sales. We face a variety of competitive challenges, including: - Anticipating and quickly responding to changing consumer demands or preferences better than our competitors;- Maintaining favorable brand recognition and effective marketing of our products to consumers in several demographic markets;- Sourcing merchandise efficiently;- Developing innovative, high-quality merchandise in styles that appeal to our customers and in ways that favorably distinguish us from our competitors;- Countering the aggressive pricing and promotional activities of many of our competitors;- Anticipating and quickly responding to changing consumer shopping preferences and practices, including the increasing shift to digital brand engagement, social media communication, and online shopping; and - Safely evaluating and incorporating new technologies, such as AI, machine learning, and other relevant innovation. Additionally, our competitors may outpace us in incorporating new technologies, such as AI, into their product offerings and engagement with customers, which could affect our competitiveness and operational outcomes. Our efforts to utilize these technological advancements may not be successful, may result in substantial integration and maintenance costs, and may expose us to additional risks. Personal information within any dataset collected from our business for AI purposes may be vulnerable to unauthorized acquisition or access, compromise or loss, which could lead to heightened business and security costs, reputational damage, administrative penalties, significant legal and financial exposure. The content, analyses, or recommendations generated by AI programs, if deficient, inaccurate, or biased, could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and operational results, as well as our reputation. Moreover, ethical concerns associated with AI could lead to brand damage, competitive disadvantages, or legal repercussions. Any problems with our implementation or use of AI or other technological advancements could negatively impact our business or results of our operations. In light of the many competitive challenges we face, we may not be able to compete successfully in the future, which may result in lower market share. Additionally, increases in the number of our competitors could reduce our sales, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our business depends on the value and reputation of our brands and our ability to anticipate, identify, and respond to consumer demands and preferences, and to fashion trends. In addition, the increasing use of technology, including AI tools and social media platforms, allows for rapid communication and any negative publicity related to the aforementioned concerns may reduce demand for our merchandise. Further, with the increasing rise of social media as a channel of communication with our customers, the reputation of our brands may be impacted by our social media interactions and campaigns through heightened public focus. Due to the volatile and uncertain nature of consumer reactions to social media messaging, we may face difficulties in predicting messaging that will resonate with consumer expectations and result in positive publicity. If our social media efforts are not successful or result in negative public attention, we may be subject to reputational damage and adverse impacts to our business and financial condition. The appeal of our brands may also depend on the success of our corporate social responsibility initiatives, which require company-wide coordination and alignment. We are working to manage risks and costs to us, our licensees and our supply chain that are exposed to the effects of climate change as well as diminishing fossil fuel and water resources. These risks include any increased public focus, including by governmental and non-governmental organizations, on environmental sustainability matters, including packaging and waste, animal welfare, and land use. We may receive increased pressure to expand our disclosures in these areas, make commitments, set targets or establish additional goals and take actions to meet them, which could expose us to market, operational and execution costs or risks. The metrics we disclose in our ESG report, such as emissions and water usage, whether they be based on the standards we set for ourselves or those set by others, may influence our reputation and the value of our brand. Our failure to achieve progress on our metrics on a timely basis, or at all, could adversely affect our business, financial performance, and growth. By electing to publicly set and share these metrics and expand upon our disclosures, we may also face increased scrutiny related to these activities. As a result, we could experience damage to our reputation and the value of our brands if we fail to act responsibly in the areas in which we report. Public perception about us, our products or our stores, whether justified or not, could impair our reputation, involve us in litigation, damage our brands and may adversely impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

The uncertain state of the global economy continues to impact businesses around the world, including ours. The success of our operations is highly dependent on consumer spending, which can be negatively impacted by economic conditions and other factors that affect disposable consumer income, including income taxes, payroll taxes, employment, consumer debt, interest rates, increases in energy costs and consumer confidence. A worsening of economic conditions, in particular in the U.S., could adversely affect discretionary consumer spending, which could, in turn, negatively impact our revenues and operating results. In the past, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, weakness in consumer discretionary spending has led to a decrease in demand for our products and, correspondingly, in our results of operations and financial condition. Declines in consumer spending have and, in the future, may result in decreased demand for our products, increased inventories, lower revenues, higher discounts, pricing pressure and lower gross margins. Inflation and other macroeconomic pressures in the U.S. and the global economy such as rising or uncertain interest rates, new or increased tariffs imposed by the U.S. government and/or reciprocal tariffs imposed by other countries, changes in trade policies, supply chain disruptions, recession fears, geopolitical conflicts, such as Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the conflict in the Middle East, and U.S. foreign policy in Latin America, continue to create a complex and challenging retail environment for us and our customers, and consumers may reduce discretionary spending. If global economic and financial market conditions deteriorate, the following factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition: - During Fiscal 2025, interest rates continued to be volatile, coupled with risks relating to a potential recession, contributed to softness in consumer confidence. Additionally, risks relating to a potential recession during Fiscal 2026 remain. Any of these factors could lead to a decrease in consumer spending. - We may be negatively impacted by changes in consumer preferences and discretionary spending habits such as consumers reallocating spending to non-apparel retail discretionary consumer spending. - We may be unable to access financing in the credit and capital markets at reasonable rates. - We conduct transactions in various currencies, which creates exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar, in particular the Mexican peso and Canadian dollar. Continued volatility in the markets and exchange rates for foreign currencies could have a significant impact on our reported operating results and financial condition. - Continued volatility in the availability and prices for commodities and raw materials we use in our products and in our supply chain (such as cotton) and related inflationary pressures could have a material adverse effect on our costs, gross margins and profitability. - If our suppliers or other participants in our supply chain experience difficulty obtaining financing needed for their operations in the capital and credit markets, it may result in delays or non-delivery of our products. - The current domestic and international political environment, including volatile trade relations, conflicts in multiple locations, and the related disruption to shipping lanes and civil unrest have resulted in uncertainty surrounding the future state of the global economy. There is uncertainty with respect to potential further changes in trade policy and regulations, sanctions and export controls, which increase volatility in the global economy and foreign currency exchange rates. This environment has affected and may continue to affect production and distribution lead times, increasing our costs and potentially affecting our ability to meet customer demand. If these disruptions persist, they may require us to modify our current sourcing practices, which may impact our product costs, and, correspondingly, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. - Trade policies and regulations, such as new, increased, or continuing uncertainty concerning tariffs or other trade restrictions may also increase the costs for imported materials and finished goods. Any resulting increase in prices we charge for our goods could negatively impact demand for our products, our sales and results of operations. Further, increases in consumer expenses more generally, may reduce discretionary spending and heighten price sensitivity, which could similarly negatively impact the demand for our products, our sales, and results of operations. In uncertain economic environments, we cannot predict whether or when such circumstances may improve or worsen, or what impact, if any, such circumstances could have on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial position.

Our operations, those of our licensees, our suppliers, or our customers, could be negatively impacted by various events beyond our control, including, without limitation, natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, extreme cold events, unseasonably warm weather, and other adverse weather conditions; public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics; political crises, such as terrorist attacks, war, geopolitical uncertainty, labor unrest, and other political instability (including, without limitation, the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, the conflict in the Middle East and U.S. foreign policy in Latin America); negative global climate patterns, especially in water-stressed regions; or other catastrophic events, such as fires or other disasters occurring at our distribution centers or our vendors' manufacturing facilities, whether occurring in the U.S. or internationally. In particular, these types of events could impact our supply chain from or to the impacted region, our ability or the ability of our licensees or other third parties to operate our stores or websites, or our business as a whole if the impacted region includes our corporate offices, stores, or distribution centers. In addition, these types of events could negatively impact consumer spending in the impacted regions or, depending upon the severity, globally. Disasters occurring at our vendors' manufacturing facilities could impact our reputation and consumers' perception of our brands. To the extent that any of these events occur, our operations and financial results could be adversely affected. In addition, the impacts of climate change could result in changes in regulations or consumer preferences, which could in turn affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

A significant portion of the products that we purchase is manufactured abroad. Foreign imports subject us to risks relating to changes in import duties, quotas, the introduction of U.S. taxes on imported goods or the extension of U.S. income taxes on our foreign suppliers' sales of imported goods through the adoption of destination-based income tax jurisdiction, loss of "most favored nation" status with the U.S., shipment delays and shipping port constraints, labor strikes, work stoppages or other disruptions, freight cost increases and economic uncertainties. Furthermore, we could face significantly higher U.S. income and similar taxes with respect to sales of products purchased from foreign suppliers if the U.S. were to adopt a system of taxation, such as a border adjustment tax, under which the cost of imported products was not deductible in determining such products' tax base. If such a tax system were adopted, we could also face higher prices for products manufactured or produced abroad that we purchase from our domestic suppliers if they were subject to such a tax. In addition, recent trade policies and uncertainty related thereto, including with respect to tariffs and other restrictions, with respect to countries from which we source our merchandise and raw materials, have created a dynamic and unpredictable trade landscape. This has and may continue to adversely impact our business and operations. On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the U.S. administration's imposition of tariffs unlawful pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ("IEEPA") was unlawful, striking down the 10% global baseline tariff, as well as the higher tariffs imposed on certain U.S. trading partners. The U.S. Supreme Court's ruling did not affect all of the recently imposed tariffs, including those imposed following trade remedy investigations by the Department of Commerce or the U.S. Trade Representative. Nor does it prohibit the imposition of future tariffs through alternative trade authorities available to the U.S. administration. On February 20, 2026, shortly after the announced U.S. Supreme Court decision, the U.S. administration announced that it would be imposing a new 10% global tariff for a period of 150 days pursuant to a balance-of-payments provision in Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, effective February 24, 2026, which is being challenged in court by several US states. The U.S. administration further announced that it would begin additional trade remedy investigations into unidentified trading partners pursuant to Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 and with respect to certain unidentified product sectors pursuant to Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. The Court of International Trade subsequently issued an interim order requiring U.S. Customs and Border Protection ("CBP") to process unliquidated entries without the unlawful tariffs and to develop a plan that could result in refunds of duties previously collected. CBP has indicated it is developing a plan within 45 days to implement that order, however the scope, timing, and ultimate availability of any refunds remains uncertain. While the Company has taken steps to preserve its rights should a refund process be established, no assurance can be given that refunds will be realized. Accordingly, uncertainty with respect to tariffs remains ongoing, and U.S. import tariffs and international trade arrangements will continue to change, potentially without warning and to an extent or duration that is difficult to predict. Changing tariff rates and shifting trade policies have created significant uncertainty for suppliers, consumers, and us. If tariffs from countries from which we source products are sustained at heightened levels, it will further increase our merchandise costs, may result in increased prices for our customers, and may negatively impact our margins and consumer demand for our products, any of which could harm our competitive position or otherwise negatively impact our operating results. Moreover, tariff and other trade-related cost pressures and supply chain disruptions may lead to reputational harm if we are unable to deliver our products or services on expected timelines. We may not be able to forecast such impacts accurately. Although such changes have implications across the entire industry, we may fail to effectively adapt to and manage the adjustments in strategy that would be necessary in response to these changes. We have and are continuing to work with our suppliers to mitigate our exposure to current or potential tariffs, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to offset any increased costs. In addition, U.S. trading partners may take retaliatory measures or may change their business and trade policies in anticipation of or in response to increased import tariffs and other changes in U.S. trade policy and regulations already enacted or that may be enacted in the future. Further, our efforts to mitigate the impacts of tariffs are time-consuming and costly, and may not be effective.

We believe that our trademarks and service marks, as described in Part I, Item 1, Business, are important to our success and our competitive position due to their name recognition with our customers. We devote substantial resources to establishing and protecting our trademarks and service marks. We are not aware of any material claims of infringement or material challenges to our right to use any of our trademarks. Nevertheless, the actions we have taken, including to establish and protect our trademarks and service marks, may not be adequate to prevent others from imitating our products or seeking to block sales of our products. Other parties may also claim that some of our products infringe on their trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property rights. Moreover, the increased prevalence of AI raises potential issues related to unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties, as well as potential questions over the ownership of any intellectual property generated through the use of AI tools. The impact of AI on intellectual property rights may result in increased costs with respect to policing and ownership disputes. Use of AI and other machine learning technologies, by us or our service providers, in connection with the creation or development of intellectual property may present challenges in asserting ownership over the resulting output, which may not be eligible for copyright or patent protection under various laws (including those of the U.S.) without sufficient human authorship or inventorship, respectively. In addition, the laws of certain foreign countries may not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the U.S. Litigation regarding our trademarks, copyrights and other intellectual property rights could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Given the nature of our business, we, together with third parties acting on our behalf, receive, collect, process, use, and retain sensitive and confidential consumer and associate data, in addition to proprietary business information. Our business relies on information technology networks and systems to market and sell our products, process financial and personal information, manage a variety of business processes and comply with regulatory, legal and tax requirements. We also depend on a variety of information systems to effectively process consumer orders and other data and for digital marketing activities and for electronic communications among our associates, consumers, prospective consumers, and vendors. Some of our third-party service providers, such as identity verification and payment processing providers, also regularly have access to consumer data. Additionally, we maintain other confidential, proprietary, or otherwise sensitive information relating to our business and from third parties. Further, with the use of AI and other machine learning technologies, by us or our services providers, there is a risk that the data inputted into such technologies may contain confidential information or personal data, resulting in such information becoming accessible by third parties. The use of AI or machine learning technologies by our third-party service providers in their business activities, whether or not known to use, could also expose us to risks. While we believe we conduct appropriate diligence prior to onboarding third-party service providers, the failure of one or more such service provider to meet our expectations, including by use of AI tools in contravention of agreements with us, inputting our confidential or proprietary information into AI tools, or roll-out of new AI tools without approval, may give rise to issues pertaining to data privacy and data protection. The information technology networks and systems owned, operated, controlled or used by us or our vendors may be vulnerable to damage, disruptions or shutdowns, software or hardware vulnerabilities, data breaches, security incidents, supply-side attacks, failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components, power outages, natural disasters, hardware failures, attacks by computer hackers, telecommunication failures, user errors, user malfeasance, computer viruses, unauthorized access, phishing or social engineering attacks, ransomware attacks, denial-of-service attacks and other real or perceived cyber-attacks or catastrophic events, all of which may not be prevented by our efforts to secure our information technology systems. Any of these incidents could lead to interruptions or shutdowns of our platform, disruptions in our ability to process consumer orders or to track, record or analyze the sale of our products, loss or corruption of data or unauthorized access to or acquisition of personal information or other sensitive information, such as our intellectual property. In addition, certain new technologies, including AI, present new and significant cybersecurity safety risks that much be analyzed and addressed before implementation. We utilize security tools and controls and also rely on our third-party vendors to use sufficient security measures, including encryption and authentication technology, in an effort to protect personal and other sensitive information. However, advances in information technology capabilities (including AI), increasingly sophisticated tools and methods used by hackers and cyber terrorists, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments may result in our failure or inability, or the failure or inability of our vendors, to adequately protect personal or other sensitive information and there can be no assurance that we or our vendors will not suffer a cyberattack, that hackers or other unauthorized parties will not gain access to or exfiltrate personal information or other sensitive data (including input into a third-party generative AI platform), or that any such data compromise or unauthorized access will be discovered or remediated in a timely fashion. We rely on associates, contractors and other third parties who may attempt to circumvent our security measures in order to obtain such information and may purposefully or inadvertently cause a breach involving such information. Actual or anticipated attacks may cause us to incur increasing costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, train associates, pay higher insurance premiums, and engage third-party specialists for additional services. An information security breach involving confidential and personal data could damage our reputation and our customers' willingness to purchase from us. In addition, we may incur material liabilities and remediation costs as a result of an information security breach, including potential liability for stolen consumer or associate data, repairing system damage or providing credit monitoring or other benefits to consumers or associates affected by the breach. In the event we experience an information security breach, our insurance may not be sufficient to cover the impact to the business. Although we have developed mitigating security controls to reduce our cyber risk and protect our data from loss or disclosure due to a security breach, including processes designed to reduce the impact of a security breach at a third-party vendor, such measures cannot provide absolute security. We and our third-party vendors regularly experience cyber-attacks aimed at disrupting services. Our third-party vendors have been and may be the victim of cyber related attacks that could lead to operational disruptions that could have an adverse effect on our ability to fulfill consumer orders. Security incidents such as ransomware attacks are becoming increasingly prevalent and severe, as well as increasingly difficult to detect. We, and our third-party vendors, have been subject to cyber, phishing and social engineering attacks and other security incidents in the past and may continue to be subject to such attacks in the future. We and our third-party vendors may not anticipate, detect, or prevent all types of attacks until after they have already been launched because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access are increasingly sophisticated, constantly evolving and may not be known in the market. For example, as AI continues to evolve, cyber-attackers could also use AI to develop or hone their attacks. Security breaches can also occur as a result of non-technical issues, including intentional or inadvertent actions by our associates, our third-party vendors or their personnel or other parties. If we or our third-party service providers experience security breaches that result in marketplace performance problems, availability problems, or the loss, corruption of, unauthorized access to, or disclosure of personal data or confidential information, people may become unwilling to provide us the information necessary to make purchases on our sites, and our reputation and market position could be harmed. Existing consumers may also decrease their purchases or close their accounts altogether. We could also face potential claims, investigations, regulatory proceedings, liability and litigation, and bear other substantial costs in connection with remediating and otherwise responding to any data security breach, all of which may not be adequately covered by insurance, and which may result in an increase in our costs for insurance or insurance not being available to us on economically feasible terms, or at all. Insurers may also deny us coverage as to any future claim. Any of these results could harm our growth prospects, financial condition, business, and reputation.