Vince Holding (VNCE) Risk Analysis

In fiscal 2025 we worked with more than 40 manufacturers across 17 countries, with 31% of our costs related to products produced in China, 28% produced in Vietnam, and 17% produced in Peru in fiscal 2025. A manufacturing contractor's failure to ship products to us in a timely or cost-effective manner or to meet the required quality standards could cause us to miss the delivery date requirements of our customers for those items. The failure to make timely deliveries may cause customers to cancel orders, refuse to accept deliveries or demand reduced prices, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us. As a result of the magnitude of our foreign sourcing, our business is subject to the following additional risks: - imposition of duties, taxes, tariffs and other charges on imports, and regulations, quotas, bans and other trade restrictions relating to imports (particularly in light of the financial impacts of new retaliatory and/or reciprocal tariffs, as well as changing trade policies between the U.S. and its trading partners), as further discussed below;- imposition of regulations, quotas and other trade restrictions relating to imports, including quotas imposed by bilateral textile agreements between the U.S. and foreign countries;- currency exchange rates, including decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies, which could increase the cost of products we purchase from foreign suppliers;- political and economic instability in countries or regions, especially Asia and in connection with armed conflict (such as conflicts between Ukraine and Russia and the Middle East, including the latest developments in Iran), including heightened terrorism, diplomatic and other security concerns, which could subject imported or exported goods to additional or more frequent inspections, leading to delays in deliveries or impoundment of goods;- fluctuations in the price of oil and increases in the costs of fuel, travel and transportation, both related and unrelated to the armed conflict between Ukraine and Russia and the Middle East, including the latest developments in Iran, and demand for freight services at a time of reduced ocean freight capacity;- disease epidemics and health-related concerns, which could result in travel restrictions, closed factories, reduced workforces and higher labor costs, scarcity of and increased prices for raw materials and scrutiny or embargoing of goods produced in infected areas;- labor union strikes at ports through which our products enter the U.S.;- labor shortages in countries where contractors and suppliers are located;- restrictions on the transfer of funds to or from foreign countries;- the migration and development of manufacturing contractors, which could affect where our products are or are planned to be produced;- reduced manufacturing flexibility because of geographic distance between our foreign manufacturers and us, increasing the risk that we may have to mark down unsold inventory as a result of misjudging the market for a foreign-made product; and - violations by foreign contractors of labor and wage standards and resulting adverse publicity. If these risks limit or prevent us from manufacturing products in any significant international market, prevent us from acquiring products from foreign suppliers, or continue to significantly increase the cost of our products, our operations could be seriously disrupted until alternative suppliers are found or alternative markets are developed, which could negatively and significantly impact our business. Furthermore, to date, the current U.S. Administration has imposed, and continues to propose to impose, additional tariffs on all U.S. imports, which significantly raises the per-unit cost of our products. While we have implemented and continue to implement certain strategies to mitigate such impact, including further diversification of our sourcing base to mitigate some negative macroenvironmental impact of a particular region such as China, executing such diversification is and will be time consuming, may be difficult or impracticable for many products, may result in further increases in our per-unit costs and/or may negatively impact the quality of our products. Any increase in the prices of our products and/or decline in the quality of our products could in turn negatively impact the demand for our products and negatively impact our business and results of operations. See "Changes to and unpredictability in the trade policies and tariffs imposed by the U.S. government and the governments of other nations could materially affect our financial condition and results of operations."

Fluctuations in the price, availability and quality of the fabrics or other raw materials, particularly cotton, silk, leather and synthetics used in our manufactured apparel, could have a material adverse effect on cost of sales or our ability to meet customer demands. The prices of fabrics depend largely on the market prices of the raw materials used to produce them. The price and availability of the raw materials and, in turn, the fabrics used in our apparel may fluctuate significantly, depending on many factors, including crop yields, weather patterns, labor costs and changes to and fluctuations in oil and fuel prices as well as other economic factors, particularly in light of the financial impacts of new, retaliatory and/or reciprocal tariffs, as well as changing trade policies between the U.S. and its trading partners, and the armed conflict between Ukraine and Russia and the Middle East, including the latest developments in Iran. We may not be able to create suitable design solutions that utilize raw materials with attractive prices or, alternatively, to pass higher raw materials prices and related transportation costs (including increased costs related to fluctuations in global oil and fuel prices) on to our customers. We are not always successful in our efforts to protect our business from the volatility of the market price of raw materials, and our business can be materially affected by dramatic movements in prices of raw materials. The ultimate effect of this change on our earnings cannot be quantified, as the effect of movements in raw materials prices on industry selling prices are uncertain, but any significant increase in these prices could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We historically had and continue to have a small number of wholesale partners who account for a significant portion of our net sales. Our consolidated net sales to the full-price, off-price and e-commerce operations of our largest wholesale partner comprised 26% of our total revenue for fiscal 2025. We do not have formal written agreements with any of our wholesale partners and purchases generally occur on an order-by-order basis. A decision by any of our major wholesale partners, whether motivated by marketing strategy, competitive conditions, financial difficulties (including bankruptcy or liquidation) or otherwise, to significantly decrease the amount of merchandise purchased from us, or to change their manner of doing business with us, could substantially reduce our revenue and have a material adverse effect on our profitability. Furthermore, the foregoing could be exacerbated by the financial impacts on our wholesale partners of new retaliatory and/or reciprocal tariffs, as well as changing trade policies between the U.S. and its trading partners. In addition, due to the concentration of and/or ownership changes in our wholesale partner base, our results of operations could be adversely affected if any of these wholesale partners fails to satisfy its payment obligations to us when due or no longer takes part in the distribution arrangements. Moreover, continued consolidation in the retail industry could further decrease the number of, or concentrate, our wholesale partner base, and financial difficulties (including bankruptcy or liquidation) of one of our major customers could result in reduced business and higher credit risk with respect to that customer. All of these changes could also decrease our opportunities in the market and decrease our negotiating strength with our wholesale partners. Furthermore, under the License Agreement, ABG Vince may remove any customer account that was pre-approved at the time of the closing of the Asset Sale if it believes using its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment, that such account is no longer consistent with the brand positioning for the Licensed Property or reject at its sole good faith discretion any new customer account we submit for its approval. If we lose any of our existing wholesale partners as a result of ABG Vince's decision to remove them, or if we are unable to expand our wholesale partnership or any addition of new wholesale partners is rejected by ABG Vince, our results of operations could be significantly and negatively impacted. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

On May 25, 2023, V Opco, the Company's wholly owned indirect subsidiary, sold all its intellectual property assets related to the business operated under the Vince brand to ABG Vince, an indirect subsidiary of Authentic Brands Group, LLC ("Authentic"), pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, entered into by and among V Opco, ABG Vince, the Company and ABG Intermediate Holdings 2 LLC. Simultaneously with the Asset Sale, V Opco entered into a license agreement (as amended from time to time, the "License Agreement") with ABG Vince which provides us with a license to use the Licensed Property in the Territory (as defined in the License Agreement) in the Territory, which is defined as the United States, Canada, Andorra, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Monaco, Liechtenstein, Italy, San Marino, Vatican City, Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Republic of Cyprus (excluding Northern Cyprus), United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan and Korea (the "Core Territory"), together with all other territories (the "Option Territory," together with the Core Territory, the "Territory"), which Option Territory may be changed unilaterally by ABG Vince at any time after the effective date of the License Agreement. Additionally, we may use in the Territory, the Licensed Property in the Territory to design, manufacture, promote, market, distribute, and sell ready-to-wear sportswear products and outerwear products (the "Core Products") and home décor and baby layettes (the "Option Products," together with the Core Products, the "Licensed Products"), which Option Products may be changed unilaterally by ABG Vince at any time after the effective date of the License Agreement. The License Agreement has an initial term of ten years with eight options to renew for a ten-year period each. Our revenues are generated solely from sales of products pursuant to the license granted under the License Agreement. We are required under the License Agreement, among other things, to achieve specified minimum net sales, make specified royalty payments, spend specified advertising and promotion expenditures, and maintain a minimum number of retail stores. If we do not satisfy any of the material requirements of the License Agreement, ABG Vince has the right to terminate the license or not renew the License Agreement. The failure to maintain or renew the License Agreement will cause us to lose all our revenues and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Under the License Agreement, ABG Vince has broad approval rights at its sole good faith discretion, including over, among other things, design direction of Licensed Products and marketing strategies, as well as any addition of new customer accounts and new retail locations. In addition, ABG Vince may remove any customer account that was pre-approved at the time of the closing of the Asset Sale if using its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment, it believes that such account is no longer consistent with the brand positioning for the Licensed Property. If ABG Vince chooses to exercise any of these approval rights, we may be unable to operate our business as intended. Furthermore, as part of the Asset Sale, our license agreements, including our e-commerce website domain name license, were sold to ABG Vince. ABG Vince will be required to maintain such license agreements going forward, and its failure to do so could materially and adversely affect our business and operations. Lastly, V Opco's governance rights as a minority equity holder of ABG Vince are limited and therefore, ABG Vince could choose to take corporate actions that would materially and negatively impact the results of operations of ABG Vince, which could in turn adversely affect the amount of cash available for distribution to V Opco.

Increasingly, regulators, customers, investors, employees and other stakeholders are focusing on sustainability matters and ESG practices and related disclosures. The emergence of new and more stringent legislation, regulation and oversight related to sustainability and ESG practices (such as the marketing of goods and business practices, and corresponding mandatory and voluntary public reporting and disclosures related to such practices, including the SEC's recent climate-related reporting requirements) are likely to result in increased costs and expenses and increased management time and attention spent monitoring, complying with or meeting sustainability and ESG-related requirements and expectations, which could impact our business operations, including our financial results. For example, developing and acting on sustainability and ESG-related initiatives, including design, sourcing and operations decisions, and collecting, measuring and reporting related data and metrics can be costly, difficult and time-consuming. Furthermore, the Company's approach to sustainability matters and ESG practices may be based on assumptions and standards for measuring progress that are still evolving, internal controls and processes that are developing, and reporting standards that may be subject to change in the future. Failure or perceived failure to adapt to or sufficiently comply with evolving or expanding regulatory requirements or stakeholder expectations and standards could further increase costs and expenses, including through potential regulatory enforcement and consumer actions, and could negatively impact the Company's reputation, consumer patronage and, in turn, our results of operations.