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Inter & Company Incorporation Class A (INTR) Risk Analysis
Risk Overview Q4, 2022
Source: the company's latest filing for the period ended Dec 31, 2022, filed Apr 28, 2023
Risk Change Over Time
Risk Highlights Q4, 2022
Risk Word Cloud
Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 73
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1Our controlling shareholder owns all our Class B common shares, which represent approximately 80% of the voting power of our issued share capital and controls all matters requiring shareholder approval.
Our controlling shareholder controls us through the ownership of all our Class B common shares and, therefore, approximately 80% of our voting capital. Our Class B common shares are entitled to 10 votes per share and our Class A common shares are entitled to one vote per share. As a result, our controlling shareholder controls the outcome of all decisions at our general meetings and will be able to elect a majority of the members of our board of directors. They will also be able to direct our actions in areas such as business strategy, financing, distributions, acquisitions and dispositions of assets or businesses. For example, our controlling shareholder may cause us to make acquisitions that increase the amount of our indebtedness or outstanding Class A common shares, sell revenue-generating assets or inhibit change of control transactions that may benefit other shareholders. The decisions of our controlling shareholder on these matters may be contrary to your expectations or preferences, and they may take actions that could be contrary to your interests. For further information regarding shareholdings in Inter & Co, see "Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions." So long as our controlling shareholder beneficially owns a sufficient number of Class B common shares, even if they beneficially own significantly less than 50% of our outstanding share capital, they will be able to effectively control our decisions.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2If the trading price of our Class A common shares fluctuates, you could lose a significant part of your investment. A significant number of our Class A common shares are held through our BDRs, in Brazil, which may impact the liquidity and trading price of our Class A common shares.
The market price of the Class A common shares may be influenced by many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including: - announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts or acquisitions;- technological innovations by us or competitors;- the failure of financial analysts to continue covering our Class A common shares;- actual or anticipated variations in our results of operations;- changes in financial estimates by financial analysts, or any failure by us to meet or exceed any of these estimates, or changes in the recommendations of any financial analysts that elect to follow our Class A common shares or the shares of our competitors;- adverse news relating to us and our business, our executives and key business partners or suppliers;- future sales of our shares (including by our controlling shareholder who may at any time convert its Class B common shares into Class A common shares); and - investor perceptions of us and the industries in which we operate. In addition, the global stock market in general has experienced substantial price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies affected. These broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our Class A common shares. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of certain companies' securities, securities class action litigation has been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. If a market does not develop or is not maintained, the liquidity and price of our Class A common shares could be seriously harmed. A significant number of our Class A common shares are held through our BDRs, in Brazil, which may impact the liquidity and trading price of our Class A common shares. To the extent our Class A common shares are held through our BDRs, you may have difficulty selling any Class A common shares. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in us and in our Class A common shares will affect the trading market for our Class A common shares on Nasdaq or otherwise or how liquid that market might become.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3We may issue additional Class A common shares, which may dilute your interest in our share capital and affect the trading price of our Class A common shares.
We may issue additional our Class A common shares in the future, which may result in a dilution of your interest in our share capital and affect the trading price of our Class A common shares. Current Class A shareholders will not have preemptive or priority rights to participate in a priority offering of our Class A common shares. Under our Articles of Association, holders of our Class B common shares are entitled to preemptive rights in order to maintain their proportional ownership interests. For more information, see "Item 10. Additional Information ? B. Memorandum and Articles of Association ? Preemptive or Similar Rights." We may also raise additional funds to grow our business and implement our growth strategy through public or private issuances of common shares or securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our shares, which may dilute your interest in our share capital or result in a decrease in the market price of Inter & Co shares. In addition, we may also enter into mergers or other similar transactions in the future, which may dilute your interest in our share capital or result in a decrease in the market price of our shares. Any fundraising through the issuance of shares or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares or the participation in corporate transactions with an effect similar to a merger, may dilute your interest in our share capital or result in a decrease in the market price of our Class A common shares.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4Our Articles of Association contain anti-takeover provisions that may discourage a third-party from acquiring us and adversely affect the rights of holders of our Shares.
Our Articles of Association contain certain provisions that could limit the ability of others to acquire our control, including a provision that grants authority to our board of directors to establish and issue from time to time one or more series of preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of the opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over the prevailing market price by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain our control in a tender offer or similar transactions.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5If securities or industry analysts do not publish research, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research, about our business, the price of our Class A common shares and their trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common shares may depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. Securities and industry analysts do not currently, and may never, publish research about us. If no or too few securities or industry analysts start to cover us, the trading price for our Class A common shares would be negatively affected. In the event securities or industry analysts initiate coverage, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our Class A common shares or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our Class A common shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases to cover us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our Class A common shares could decrease, which might cause the price of our Class A common shares and trading volume to decline.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6Our dual class capital structure means our shares will not be included in certain indices. We cannot predict the impact this may have on the trading price of our Class A common shares.
In 2017, FTSE Russell, S&P Dow Jones and MSCI announced changes to their eligibility criteria for inclusion of shares of public companies on certain indices to exclude companies with multiple classes of shares of common stock from being added to such indices. FTSE Russell announced plans to require new constituents of its indices to have at least five percent of their voting rights in the hands of public stockholders, whereas S&P Dow Jones announced that companies with multiple share classes, such as ours, will not be eligible for inclusion in the S&P 500, S&P MidCap 400 and S&P SmallCap 600, which together make up the S&P Composite 1500. MSCI also opened public consultations on their treatment of no-vote and multi-class structures and temporarily barred new multi-class listings from its ACWI Investable Market Index and U.S. Investable Market 2500 Index; however, in October 2018, MSCI announced its decision to include equity securities "with unequal voting structures" in its indices and to launch a new index that specifically includes voting rights in its eligibility criteria. We cannot assure you that other stock indices will not take a similar approach to FTSE Russell, S&P Dow Jones and MSCI in the future. Under the announced policies, our dual class capital structure makes us ineligible for inclusion in any of these indices and, as a result, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and other investment vehicles that attempt to passively track these indices will not invest in our stock. It continues to be somewhat unclear what effect, if any, these policies will have on the valuations of publicly traded companies excluded from the indices, but in certain situations they may depress these valuations compared to those of other similar companies that are included. Exclusion from indices could make our Class A common shares less attractive to investors and, as a result, the market price of our Class A common shares could be adversely affected.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7Inter & Co is a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability. The rights of Inter & Co shareholders, including with respect to fiduciary duties and corporate opportunities, may be different from the rights of shareholders governed by the laws of U.S. jurisdictions.
Inter & Co is a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability. Inter & Co corporate affairs are governed by its Articles of Association and by the laws of the Cayman Islands. The rights of Inter & Co shareholders and the responsibilities of members of Inter & Co's board of directors may be different from the rights of shareholders and responsibilities of directors in companies governed by the laws of U.S. jurisdictions. In particular, as a matter of Cayman Islands law, directors of a Cayman Islands company owe fiduciary duties to the company and separately a duty of care, diligence and skill to the company. Under Cayman Islands law, directors and officers owe the following fiduciary duties: (1) duty to act in good faith in what the director or officer believes to be in the best interests of the company as a whole; (2) duty to exercise powers for the purposes for which those powers were conferred and not for a collateral purpose; (3) directors should not improperly fetter the exercise of future discretion; (4) duty to exercise powers fairly as between different sections of shareholders; (5) duty to exercise independent judgment; and (6) duty not to put themselves in a position in which there is a conflict between their duty to the company and their personal interests. Inter & Co's Articles of Association have varied this last obligation by providing that a director must disclose the nature and extent of his or her interest in any contract or arrangement, and following such disclosure, such director shall not vote in respect of any transaction or arrangement in which he or she is interested and shall not be counted in the quorum at the meeting. The resolution may be passed by a majority of the directors present at the meeting. Conversely, under Delaware corporate law, a director has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders (made up of two components) and the director's duties prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 8Inter & Co shareholders may face difficulties in protecting their interests because Inter & Co is a Cayman Islands exempted company.
Inter & Co corporate affairs are governed by our Articles of Association, by the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, or Companies Act, and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against Inter & Co directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as that from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of Inter & Co shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of Inter & Co directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less exhaustive body of securities laws than the United States. In addition, some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fulsome and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. While Cayman Islands law allows a dissenting shareholder to express the shareholder's view that a court sanctioned reorganization of a Cayman Islands company would not provide fair value for the shareholder's shares, Cayman Islands statutory law does not specifically provide for shareholder appraisal rights in connection with a merger or consolidation of a company that takes place by way of a scheme of arrangement. This may make it more difficult for you to assess the value of any consideration you may receive in a merger or consolidation (by way of a scheme of arrangement) or to require that the acquirer gives you additional consideration if you believe the consideration offered is insufficient. However, Cayman Islands statutory law provides a mechanism for a dissenting shareholder in a merger or consolidation that does not take place by way of a scheme of arrangement to apply to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands for a determination of the fair value of the dissenter's shares if it is not possible for the company and the dissenter to agree on a fair price within the time limits prescribed. Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records and accounts or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders. Inter & Co directors have discretion under Inter & Co Articles of Association to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, Inter & Co corporate records may be inspected by Inter & Co shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 9As a foreign private issuer and an "emerging growth company" (as defined in the JOBS Act), Inter & Co has different disclosure and other requirements than U.S. domestic registrants and non-emerging growth companies.
As a foreign private issuer and emerging growth company, we are subject to different disclosure and other requirements than domestic U.S. registrants and non-emerging growth companies. For example, as a foreign private issuer, in the United States, Inter & Co is not subject to the same disclosure requirements as a domestic U.S. registrant under the Exchange Act, including the requirements to prepare and issue quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or to file current reports on Form 8-K upon the occurrence of specified significant events, the proxy rules applicable to domestic U.S. registrants under Section 14 of the Exchange Act or the insider reporting and short-swing profit rules applicable to domestic U.S. registrants under Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we intend to rely on exemptions from certain U.S. rules which will permit Inter & Co to follow Cayman Islands legal requirements rather than certain of the requirements that are applicable to U.S. domestic registrants. We follow Cayman Islands laws and regulations that are applicable to Cayman Islands companies. However, Cayman Islands laws and regulations applicable to Cayman Islands companies do not contain any provisions comparable to the U.S. proxy rules, the U.S. rules relating to the filing of reports on Form 10-Q or 8-K or the U.S. rules relating to liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time, as referred to above. Furthermore, foreign private issuers are required to file their annual report on Form 20-F within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, while U.S. domestic issuers that are accelerated filers are required to file their annual report on Form 10-K within 75 days after the end of each fiscal year. Foreign private issuers are also exempt from Regulation Fair Disclosure, aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information, although we are subject to Cayman Islands laws and regulations having, in some respects, a similar effect as Regulation Fair Disclosure. As a result of the above, even though we are required to file reports on Form 6-K disclosing the limited information which we have made or are required to make public pursuant to Cayman Islands law, or are required to distribute to shareholders generally, and that is material to us, you may not receive information of the same type or amount that is required to be disclosed to shareholders of a U.S. company. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, relax certain reporting requirements for emerging growth companies. Under this act, as an emerging growth company, Inter & Co is not subject to the same disclosure and financial reporting requirements as non-emerging growth companies. For example, for so long as we are an emerging growth company, new or revised U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, auditing standards will not apply to our audits (unless the SEC determines otherwise) and our auditors will not need to attest to Inter & Co's internal controls under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We may follow these reporting exemptions until Inter & Co is no longer an emerging growth company. We cannot predict if investors will find Inter & Co common shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find Inter & Co common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common shares and the price of our common shares may be more volatile.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 10As a foreign private issuer and a "controlled company," we may rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. You will not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to such requirements.
We are a "controlled company," within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of Nasdaq corporate governance rules, and a foreign private issuer, which permits us to rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. As a result, (i) we are not required to have a board that is composed of a majority of "independent directors," as defined under the rules of such exchange, (ii) we are not required to have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors; and (iii) we are not required to have a nominating and corporate governance committee that is composed entirely of independent directors. We utilize and intend to continue utilizing these exemptions.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 11Judgments of Brazilian courts to enforce our obligations with respect to our Class A common shares may be payable only in Reais.
Most of our assets are located in Brazil. If proceedings are brought in the courts of Brazil seeking to enforce our obligations in respect of our Class A common shares, we may not be required to discharge our obligations in a currency other than the real. Under Brazilian exchange control laws, an obligation in Brazil to pay amounts denominated in a currency other than the real may only be satisfied in Brazilian currency at the exchange rate, typically as determined by the Central Bank, in effect on the date the judgment is obtained, and such amounts are then typically adjusted to reflect exchange rate variations and monetary restatements through the effective payment date. The then-prevailing exchange rate may not afford non-Brazilian investors with full compensation for any claim arising out of or related to our obligations under the Class A common shares.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 12There could be adverse U.S. tax consequences to U.S. persons that hold the Class A common shares if we are treated as a passive foreign investment company.
U.S. shareholders of passive foreign investment companies are subject to potentially adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences. In general, a non-U.S. corporation is a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for any taxable year in which (i) 75% or more of its gross income consists of passive income; or (ii) 50% or more of the value of its assets (generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) is attributable to assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. For purposes of the above calculations, a non-U.S. corporation that owns, directly or indirectly, at least 25% by value of the shares of another corporation is treated as if it held its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation and received directly its proportionate share of the income of the other corporation. Based on our Audited Financial Statements and our current expectations regarding the value and nature of our assets, the sources and nature of our income, and relevant market and shareholder data, we do not believe that we were treated as a PFIC for the 2022 or 2021 taxable year and we do not anticipate becoming a PFIC for our current taxable year or in the reasonably foreseeable future. However, the determination whether we are a PFIC must be made annually after the close of each taxable year and based on the facts and circumstances at that time, such as the valuation of our assets, including goodwill and other intangible assets, which may depend on the value of the Class A common shares and the BDRs which can be expected to vary from time to time. The determination of our PFIC status also depends on whether and how fast we deploy significant amounts of cash and other liquid assets. In addition, although we consider ourselves to be actively engaged in an active business, certain of our income may be treated as passive income, unless it is eligible for an exception for certain income derived in the active conduct of a banking business, or the "Active Banking Exception," and related assets may be considered passive assets unless the Active Banking Exception applies. We believe that the Active Banking Exception, as interpreted by Treasury regulations, including recently proposed Treasury regulations, or the Proposed Regulations, should apply to treat such income and related assets as active, but such treatment is not certain. Moreover, while the Proposed Regulations permit taxpayers to rely on them, it is possible that the U.S. Department of the Treasury, or Treasury Department, will not follow the approach of the Proposed Regulations when issuing final regulations, in which case the Active Banking Exception might not apply to our income and it is possible that we could be treated as a PFIC. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will not be treated as a PFIC for a given taxable year. If we are a PFIC, U.S. shareholders would be subject to certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences as discussed under "Taxation-United States Federal Income Tax Considerations."
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 13Pursuant to Brazilian law, we may amend our deposit agreement in respect of the BDRs and the rights of BDR holders by means of an agreement with the BDR Depositary and without the consent of BDR holders.
Pursuant to Brazilian law, we may amend the BDR deposit agreement and the rights of Inter & Co BDRs by means of an agreement with the BDR Depositary and without the consent of BDR holders. In that case, even if the amendment or change is materially adverse to the rights of BDR holders, it will become effective and the BDR holders will not be able to challenge such amendment.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 14We may incur financial and reputational losses due to our relationship with shareholders, suppliers, business partners and/or clients, whose activities may result in negative social environmental impacts that may materially adversely affect us.
We have a diversified client base that may be exposed to social and environmental risk factors. Social and environmental risk may materialize for our clients in a variety of ways and with differing degrees of intensity in relation to economic, social and environmental scenarios, resulting in financial and/or reputational losses that may impact on the relationship with us, and materially adversely affect us. We may become a party to legal proceedings, receive infraction notices and fines, be accused of being involved in the business of our clients, suppliers, business partners or third-party service providers and, consequently, any environmental harm caused by them, any of which may adversely affect our operations and reputation. Our controls to identify environmental risks in property offered to us as collateral may fail. Accepting assets with environmental risks may subject us to additional costs (such as repairing the environmental harm in the property in question) and fines, both of which may adversely affect our financial condition and reputation. Such assets (whether or not used) may become social and environmental liabilities due to contamination, deforesting and illegal occupations, among others. Such events may adversely affect our operations, financial condition and reputation.
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