Tempus AI, Inc. Class A (TEM) Risk Analysis

If the combined company is unable to realize the full strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the proposed acquisition, our stockholders will have experienced substantial dilution of their ownership interests in us without receiving any commensurate benefit, or only receiving part of the commensurate benefit to the extent the combined company is able to realize only part of the strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the proposed acquisition.

In addition to the effects of our dual class structure, provisions in our articles of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control or changes in our management. Our articles of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include provisions that may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management. In addition, our status as a Nevada corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the NRS may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of two years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, subject to certain exceptions, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. Any of the foregoing provisions could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our Class A common stock, and they could deter potential acquirers of our company, thereby reducing the likelihood that you would receive a premium for your shares of our Class A common stock in an acquisition.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our Class A common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. Many of our existing equity holders have substantial unrecognized gains on the value of the equity they hold, and therefore they may take steps to sell their shares or otherwise secure the unrecognized gains on those shares. All of the Class A common stock sold in our IPO is freely tradable without restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act, except for any shares held by our affiliates as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, or Rule 144. In addition, the lockup and market standoff agreements entered into in connection with our IPO expired on December 10, 2024. We are unable to predict the timing of or the effect that such sales may have on the prevailing market price of our Class A common stock. Sales, short sales, or hedging transactions involving our equity securities, whether or not we believe them to be prohibited, could adversely affect the price of our Class A common stock.

Prior to the IPO, there was no public market for our Class A common stock. An active public trading market for our Class A common stock may not continue to develop or be sustained. The lack of an active market may impair your ability to sell your shares at the time you wish to sell them or at a price that you consider reasonable. The lack of an active market may also reduce the fair value of your shares. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital to continue to fund operations by selling shares and may impair our ability to acquire other companies or technologies by using our shares as consideration.

We cannot predict whether our dual class structure, combined with the concentrated control of our Chief Executive Officer, Founder and Chairman, who beneficially owns all of the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock, will result in a lower or more volatile market price of our Class A common stock or in adverse publicity or other adverse consequences. Certain index providers have announced restrictions on including companies with multiple-class share structures in certain of their indexes. For example, in July 2017, FTSE Russell and Standard & Poor's announced that they would cease to allow most newly public companies utilizing dual or multi-class capital structures to be included in their indices. Under the announced policies, our dual class capital structure would make us ineligible for inclusion in any of these indices. Given the sustained flow of investment funds into passive strategies that seek to track certain indexes, exclusion from stock indexes would likely preclude investment by many of these funds and could make our Class A common stock less attractive to other investors. As a result, the market price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected.

Because our Chief Executive Officer, Founder, and Chairman, Eric Lefkofsky, who, collectively with his controlled entities, holds all our outstanding shares of Class B common stock, beneficially owns shares representing in excess of 50% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock, we are eligible to elect the "controlled company" exemption to the corporate governance rules for publicly listed companies. We have not elected to do so. If we decide to become a "controlled company" under the corporate governance rules for publicly listed companies, we would not be required to have a majority of our board of directors be independent, nor would we be required to have a compensation committee or an independent nominating function. If we choose controlled company status in the future, our status as a controlled company could cause our Class A common stock to be less attractive to certain investors or otherwise harm our trading price.

Our Class B common stock has 30 votes per share and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. As of December 31, 2025, our Chief Executive Officer, Founder, and Chairman, Eric Lefkofsky, who, collectively with his controlled entities, holds all our outstanding shares of Class B common stock, beneficially owned shares representing approximately 58.2% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock. As a result, Mr. Lefkofsky has the ability to control the outcome of matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger, other sale of our company or our assets or significant acquisitions, even if his stock ownership represents less than 50% of the outstanding aggregate number of shares of our capital stock. This concentration of voting control limits the ability of other stockholders to influence corporate matters and may cause us to make strategic decisions that could involve risks to you or that may not be aligned with your interests. In addition, Mr. Lefkofsky serves as an observer on our nominating and corporate governance committee, and accordingly, may have substantial influence over the individuals nominated to serve as directors. As a board member, Mr. Lefkofsky owes a fiduciary duty to our stockholders and is legally obligated to act in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of our stockholders. As a stockholder, Mr. Lefkofsky is entitled to vote his shares in his own interests, which may not always be in the interests of our stockholders generally. Mr. Lefkofsky's control may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

Our articles of incorporation provide that the Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada be the exclusive forum for actions or proceedings brought under Nevada statutory or common law: - any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;- any action or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed to us or our stockholders by any of our current or former directors, officers or other employees, or any of our stockholders;- any action or proceeding asserting a claim against us or any of our current or former directors, officers or other employees, or any of our stockholders, arising pursuant to any provision of the Nevada Revised Statutes, our articles of incorporation or bylaws, as each may be amended from time to time;- any action or proceeding to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our articles of incorporation or bylaws, including any right, obligation or remedy thereunder;- any internal action (as defined in NRS 78.046) and any action or proceeding as to which jurisdiction of the District Courts of the State of Nevada is conferred by Title 7 of the Nevada Revised Statutes; and - any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees, or any of our stockholders, governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law and subject to the court's having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendant The provisions would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act. Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all such Securities Act actions. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, our articles of incorporation further provide that the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause or causes of action arising under the Securities Act, including all causes of action asserted against any defendant to such complaint. For the avoidance of doubt, this provision is intended to benefit and may be enforced by us, our officers and directors, the underwriters to any offering giving rise to such complaint, and any other professional entity whose profession gives authority to a statement made by that person or entity and who has prepared or certified any part of the documents underlying the offering. Although NRS 78.046 permits the articles of incorporation or bylaws of a Nevada corporation to require, to the extent not inconsistent with any applicable jurisdictional requirements and the laws of the United States, that any, all or certain actions must be brought solely or exclusively in a specified court, it is possible that a court of law could rule that this provision is inapplicable or unenforceable if it is challenged in a proceeding or otherwise. If a court were to find either exclusive forum provision contained in our second amended and restated articles of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur significant additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, all of which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. These exclusive forum provisions may limit a stockholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees. If a court were to find either exclusive-forum provision in our articles of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur further significant additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, all of which could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The market price of our Class A common stock has been highly volatile, ranging from $22.89 to $103.25 per share since our IPO in June 2024. The price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate or decline substantially as a result of a variety of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including: - actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition or results of operations;- variance in our financial performance from expectations of securities analysts;- changes in the pricing of our products;- our ability to service or pay down existing or future debt obligations;- changes in our projected operating and financial results;- changes in laws or regulations applicable to our Platform and products, including changes in the regulation of data or in the structure of healthcare payment systems;- announcements by us or our competitors of significant business developments, acquisitions, or new products;- significant data breaches, disruptions to or other incidents involving our products;- our involvement in litigation or governmental investigations;- future sales of our Class A common stock by us or our stockholders;- changes in senior management or key personnel;- the issuance of new or changed securities analysts' reports or recommendations;- the trading volume of our Class A common stock;- changes in the anticipated future size and growth rate of our market; and - economic and market conditions in general, or in our industry in particular. Broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political, regulatory, and market conditions, may also negatively impact the market price of our Class A common stock. In addition, technology stocks have historically experienced high levels of volatility. In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their securities have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future, which could result in substantial expenses and divert our management's attention.

The market price and trading volume of our Class A common stock is heavily influenced by the way analysts interpret our financial information and other disclosures. We do not have control over these analysts. If few securities analysts commence coverage of us, or if industry analysts cease coverage of us, our stock price would be negatively affected. If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, downgrade our Class A common stock, or publish negative reports about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our Class A common stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price to decline and could decrease the trading volume of our Class A common stock.