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SmartKem (SMTK) Risk Analysis

Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning. SmartKem disclosed 38 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. SmartKem reported the most risks in the “Finance & Corporate” category.

Risk Overview Q2, 2026

Source: the company's latest filing for the period ended Jun 30, 2026, filed Aug 14, 2026

Risk Distribution
38Risks
Sector Avg.Finance & CorporateTech & InnovationLegal & RegulatoryProductionAbility to SellMacro & Political
Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy

Risk Change Over Time

SmartKem disclosed risks per quarterNo. of Risks36384042444648Q3Q4Q12023Q2Q3Q4Q12024Q2Q3Q12026Q2Showing: Q3, 2024
Risks removedRisks addedRisks changedSmartKem Risk Factors
Risk Changed (1)
  • Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 1
    We identified a material weakness in connection with our internal financial reporting controls. Although we are taking steps to remediate this material weakness, there is no assurance we will be successful in doing so in a timely manner, or at all, and we may identify other material weaknesses.

    In connection with the preparation of the financial statements for the first quarter of 2024 a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting was identified relating to the complex financial reporting and accounting associated with the Consent, Conversion and Amendment Agreement we entered into on January 26, 2024, a non-cash item. None of the Company's filed financial statements are impacted. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable financial reporting. We continue to evaluate steps to remediate the material weakness. These remediation measures may be time consuming and costly and there is no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or if we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to produce timely and accurate financial statements or guarantee that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file with the SEC, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. Any failure of our internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures could cause our investors to lose confidence in our publicly reported information, cause the market price of our stock to decline, expose us to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, or impact our results of operations. We can give no assurance that the measures we are taking and plan to take in the future will remediate the material weakness identified or that any additional material weaknesses or restatements of financial results will not arise in the future due to a failure to implement and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting or circumvention of these controls. In addition, even if we are successful in strengthening our controls and procedures, in the future those controls and procedures may not be adequate to prevent or identify irregularities or errors or to facilitate the fair presentation of our financial statements.

  • Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 2
    Our recurring losses from operations have raised substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.

    We have recognized recurring losses, and as of September 30, 2024, had an accumulated deficit of $109.8 million. We anticipate operating losses to continue for the foreseeable future due to, among other things, costs related to research funding, further development of our technology and products and expenses related to the commercialization of our products. These efforts may be more costly than we expect, and we may not be able to generate revenue to offset our increased operating expenses. We expect our cash and cash equivalents of $1.8 million as of September 30, 2024 to be insufficient to meet our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least 12 months from the filing of this 10-Q. Our forecast of the period of time through which our current financial resources will be adequate to support our operations and the costs to support our general and administrative and research and development activities are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties. Our consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the amounts and classification of assets and liabilities that may be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on our ability to raise additional working capital through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, which may include collaborations with third parties. There can be no assurance, however, that such financing will be available, on acceptable terms and conditions, or at all. The precise amount and timing of the funding needs cannot be determined accurately at this time, and will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to generate significant revenue, the market demand for our products, the quality of product development efforts including potential joint collaborations, management of working capital, and the continuation of normal payment terms and conditions for purchase of services. Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our working capital requirements through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, your ownership interest will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a common stockholder. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making acquisitions or capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through collaborations, strategic alliances or marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or products, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings or other arrangements when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate commercialization, our research and product development, or grant rights to develop and market our products that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves, it may also impact our ability to continue as a going concern. The perception that we may not be able to continue as a going concern may cause others to choose not to deal with us due to concerns about our ability to meet our contractual obligations.

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Risk Highlights Q2, 2026

Main Risk Category
Finance & Corporate
With 19 Risks
Number of Disclosed Risks
38
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 32
Recent Changes
0Risks added
0Risks removed
0Risks changed
Since Jun 2026
Number of Risk Changed
0
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 1

Risk Word Cloud

in order to comply with environmental laws and regulations, we may need to modify our activities or incur substantial costs, and such laws and regulations, including any failure to comply with such laws and regulations, could subject us to substantial costs, liabilities, obligations and fines.subject us to substantial costsour quarterly results of operations are likely to vary from period to period, which could cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate or decline.our quarterly results of operationsthe designation of our common stock as a "penny stock" limits the liquidity of our common stock.liquidity of our common stockif we are unable to establish sales capabilities on our own or through third parties, we may not be able to market and sell our existing or future products or generate product revenue.unable to establish sales capabilitiesour amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates the court of chancery of the state of delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit the ability of our stockholders to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees.restated certificate of incorporation designatesbecause we will depend on third-party fabricators to manufacture products for us, we will be susceptible to manufacturing delays and pricing fluctuations that could prevent us from shipping customer orders on time, if at all, or on a cost-effective basis, which may result in the loss of sales, income and customers.third-party fabricators to manufacture productsbecause we became a reporting company under the exchange act by means other than a traditional underwritten initial public offering, we may not be able to attract the attention of research analysts at major brokerage firms.traditional underwritten initial public offeringthe designation of our common stock as a "penny stock" limits the liquidity of our common stock.designation of our common stockif we fail to maintain effective internal controls, we may not be able to report financial results accurately or on a timely basis, or to detect fraud, which could have a material adverse effect on our business or share price.to report financial results accuratelythe transfer of our technology and manufacturing know-how to a third-party commercial manufacturer may result in unanticipated costs and delays that could have a material and adverse effect our business, financial condition and results of operations.third-party commercial manufacturer

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 38

Share Price & Shareholder Rights9 | 23.7%
  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1
    If we fail to meet all applicable Nasdaq listing requirements our common stock would be subject to delisting from Nasdaq which could negatively affect the trading price of our common stock, reduce the liquidity of our common stock and restrict our ability to access the capital markets.

    Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market. We must satisfy the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq to maintain the listing of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market. On August 15, 2025, we received a letter (the "Letter") from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq indicating that we were not in compliance with the minimum stockholders' equity requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, under Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) (the "Minimum Stockholders' Equity Requirement"), because our stockholders' equity of $(0.1) million as reported in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2025 was below the required minimum of $2.5 million, and because, as of August 15, 2025, we did not meet the alternative compliance standards relating to the market value of listed securities of $35 million or net income from continuing operations of $500,000 in the most recently completed fiscal year or in two of the last three most recently completed fiscal years. Pursuant to the Letter, Nasdaq gave us 180 calendar days, or until February 11, 2026, to regain compliance. On February 12, 2026, Nasdaq notified us that, based upon our continued non-compliance with the Equity Rule, the Staff had determined to delist our securities from Nasdaq unless we timely request a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the "Panel"). We timely requested a hearing, which stayed the delisting and suspension of our securities pending the decision of the Hearings Panel. There can be no assurance that we will be able to evidence compliance with the Equity Rule or other applicable requirements for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market prior to the hearing or that the Panel will grant us a further extension period in accordance with the Nasdaq Listing Rules. On March 5, 2026, we received an additional letter (the "Bid Price Deficiency Letter") from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq indicating that we are not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the "Minimum Bid Price Rule") for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Based on the closing bid price of our common stock between January 21, 2026, and March 4, 2026, we no longer meet the minimum bid price requirement. The Bid Price Deficiency Letter has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Bid Price Deficiency Letter provides us with 180 calendar days, or until September 1, 2026, to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). To regain compliance, our common stock must have a closing bid price of at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days. If we do not regain compliance by September 1, 2026, an additional 180 days may be granted to regain compliance, so long as we meet the Nasdaq Capital Market initial listing requirement of $5 million in stockholders' equity and all other continued listing requirements (except for the bid price requirement) and notifies Nasdaq in writing of its intention to cure the bid price deficiency during the second compliance period. We currently have less than $5 million in stockholders' equity; however, the determination on eligibility for a second bid price grace period will not be made until the first bid price grace period expires. If we do not qualify for the second compliance period or fails to regain compliance during the second 180-day period, then Nasdaq will notify us of its determination to delist the Company's common stock, at which point the Company will have an opportunity to request a hearing before the Panel. The Company intends to monitor the closing bid price of its common stock and may, if appropriate, consider implementing available options, including, but not limited to, implementing a reverse stock split of its outstanding securities, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement under the Nasdaq Listing Rules. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain compliance with the Nasdaq continued listing requirements, and if we are unable to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements, including the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) and the Minimum Stockholders' Equity Requirement, our shares may be delisted from Nasdaq, which could reduce the liquidity of our common stock materially and result in a corresponding material reduction in the price of our common stock. In addition, delisting could harm our ability to raise capital through alternative financing sources on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and may result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, employees, suppliers, customers and business development opportunities. Such a delisting likely would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when you wish to do so. Further, if we were to be delisted from Nasdaq, our common stock may no longer be recognized as a "covered security," and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities. Delisting can also lead a termination that our common stock is stock is a "penny stock" which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our common stock. Thus, delisting from Nasdaq could adversely affect our ability to raise additional financing through the public or private sale of equity securities, would significantly impact the ability of investors to trade our securities and would negatively impact the value and liquidity of our common stock.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2
    An active trading market for our common stock may not develop or be sustained, which may make it difficult for investors to sell shares of our common stock and may make it difficult for us to raise capital.

    An active trading market for our common stock may not develop or be sustained. Because of the lack of an active trading market, shares of our common stock trade infrequently and in low volumes, meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our common stock at or near bid prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent and the trading price of our common stock may be extremely volatile. The lack of an active market for our common stock may impair investors' ability to sell their common stock at the time they wish to sell them or at a price that they consider reasonable, may reduce the fair market value of their shares of common stock and may impair our ability to raise capital to continue to fund operations by selling securities. No assurance can be given that an active trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained. The lack of an active market for our common stock may make it difficult for investors to sell shares of our common stock and may make it difficult for us to raise capital.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3
    We are a smaller reporting company, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

    We are currently a "smaller reporting company," meaning that we are not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent company that is not a smaller reporting company, and we have a public float of less than $250 million and annual revenues of less than $100 million during our most recently completed fiscal year. In the event that we are still considered a smaller reporting company at such time as we cease being an "emerging growth company," we will be required to provide additional disclosure in our SEC filings. However, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in their filings; are exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that independent registered public accounting firms provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; and have certain other decreased disclosure obligations in their SEC filings, including, among other things, only being required to provide two years of audited financial statements in annual reports and in a registration statement under the Exchange Act on Form 10. Decreased disclosures in our SEC filings due to our status as a smaller reporting company may make it harder for investors to analyze our results of our operations and financial prospects.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4
    Because we became a reporting company under the Exchange Act by means other than a traditional underwritten initial public offering, we may not be able to attract the attention of research analysts at major brokerage firms.

    Because we did not become a reporting company by conducting an underwritten initial public offering of our common stock, security analysts of brokerage firms may not provide coverage of our company. In addition, investment banks may be less likely to agree to underwrite secondary offerings on our behalf than they might if we became a public reporting company by means of an underwritten initial public offering, because they may be less familiar with our company as a result of more limited coverage by analysts and the media, and because we became public at an early stage in our development. The failure to receive research coverage or support in the market for shares of our common stock will have an adverse effect on our ability to develop a liquid market for our common stock.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5
    Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit the ability of our stockholders to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees.

    Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum: - any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;- any action asserting a claim of breach of any fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, other employee, or stockholder of ours to our company or our stockholders;- any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporate Law (the "DGCL"), our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; or - any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine; The Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the exclusive forum or if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, the federal district court of the State of Delaware. Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all such Securities Act actions. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the federal district courts of the United States of America are the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. The exclusive forum provisions described above do not apply to claims arising under the Exchange Act. While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring such a claim arising under the Securities Act against us, our directors, officers, or other employees in a venue other than in the federal district courts of the United States of America. In such an instance, we would expect to vigorously assert the validity and enforceability of the exclusive forum provisions of our certificate of incorporation. Although we believe this provision benefits us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, this provision may limit or discourage a stockholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in the amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. We note that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce the provision and that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Although we believe this provision will benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, the provision may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6
    Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our management and, therefore, depress the trading price of our common stock.

    Our Amended and Restated Certificate Of Incorporation and Bylaws contain provisions that could depress the trading price of our common stock by acting to discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or changes in our management that the stockholders of our company may deem advantageous. These provisions: - establish a classified board of directors so that not all members of our board are elected at one time;- provide that directors may only be removed "for cause";- authorize the issuance of "blank check" preferred stock that our board of directors could issue from time to time to increase the number of outstanding shares and discourage a takeover attempt;- eliminate the ability of our stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders;- prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which has the effect of requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of stockholders;- provide that the board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter, or repeal our bylaws;- establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings; and - require supermajority approvals to remove the protective provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws listed above or to amend our bylaws. Such provisions could impede any merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving the Company or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Company.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7
    Our principal stockholders and management have substantial control over us and could delay or prevent a change in corporate control.

    Our executive officers and directors, together with holders of 5% or more of our outstanding common stock and their respective affiliates, beneficially own 4.1% of our common stock. As a result, these stockholders, acting together have the ability to significantly impact the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors and any merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. In addition, these stockholders, acting together, have the ability to significantly impact the management and affairs of our company. The interests of these stockholders may not be the same as or may even conflict with your interests. The concentration of ownership might decrease the market price of our common stock by: - delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in control of the Company, which could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company or our assets and might affect the prevailing market price of our common stock;- impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover, or other business combination involving us; or - discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Company. The significant concentration of stock ownership may also adversely affect the trading price of our common stock due to investors' perception that conflicts of interest may exist or arise.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 8
    If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding our stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

    The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by securities and industry analysts. We cannot assure you that brokerage firms will provide analyst coverage of our company in the future or continue such coverage if started. In addition, investment banks may be less likely to agree to underwrite secondary offerings on our behalf than they might if we became a public reporting company by means of an underwritten initial public offering, because they may be less familiar with our company as a result of more limited coverage by analysts and the media, which could harm our ability to raise additional funding in the future. The failure to receive research coverage or support in the market for shares of our common stock will have an adverse effect on our ability to develop a liquid market for our common stock, which will negatively impact the trading price of our common stock. In the event we obtain securities or industry analyst coverage, if any of the analysts who cover us issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding us, or if our operating results fail to meet the expectations of analysts, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 9
    Substantial future sales of shares of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

    A substantial portion of outstanding shares of our common stock has been registered for resale by the holders thereof. The resale, or expected or potential resale, of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could adversely affect the market price for our common stock and make it more difficult for you to sell shares of our common stock at times and prices that you feel are appropriate. Furthermore, we expect that selling stockholders holding shares that have been registered by us for resale will continue to offer such shares of our common stock for a significant period of time, the precise duration of which cannot be predicted. Accordingly, the adverse market and price pressures resulting from these sales may continue for an extended period of time and continued negative pressure on the market price of our common stock could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise additional equity capital.

See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?
Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment. They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result. It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.
How do companies disclose their risk factors?
Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process. Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”. Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report. According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.
How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?
Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing. You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector. Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements. A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.
What are all the risk factor categories?
TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below. 1. Financial & Corporate Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results. Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing. Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments. Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances. 2. Legal & Regulatory Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company. Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation. Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy. Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives. 3. Production Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory. Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers. Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls. Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation. 4. Technology & Innovation Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development. Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology. Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks. Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying. 5. Ability to Sell Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers. Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes. Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration. Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation. 6. Macro & Political Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions. Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19. International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company. Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.