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PomDoctor Ltd. Unsponsored ADR (POM) Risk Analysis
Risk Overview Q4, 2025
Source: the company's latest filing for the period ended Dec 31, 2025, filed May 14, 2026
Risk Change Over Time
Risk Highlights Q4, 2025
Risk Word Cloud
Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 91
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1We and certain of our directors and officers have been named as defendants in a putative shareholder class action lawsuit, and may, from time to time, be the subject of shareholder class action lawsuits, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and reputation.
We will have to defend against a putative shareholder class action lawsuit described in "Item 8. Financial Information-8.A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information-Litigation," including any appeals of such lawsuit should our initial defense be unsuccessful. We are currently unable to estimate the possible outcome or loss or possible range of loss, if any, associated with the resolution of the lawsuit. There can be no assurance that we will be able to prevail in our defense or reverse any unfavorable judgment on appeal, and we may decide to settle lawsuits on unfavorable terms. Any adverse outcome of this lawsuit, including any plaintiff's appeal of the judgment in the lawsuit, could result in payment of substantial monetary damages or fines, and thus have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and reputation. We and our directors or officers may, from time to time, be a target for lawsuits in the future, including putative class action lawsuits brought by shareholders and lawsuits against our directors and officers as a result of their position in other public companies. The existence of such lawsuits and any adverse outcome of these lawsuits, including any appeal of a judgment, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, reputation as well as the trading price of our securities. In addition, there can be no assurance that our insurance carriers will cover all or part of the defense costs, or any liabilities that may arise from these matters. The litigation process may utilize a significant portion of our resources and divert management's attention from the day-to-day operations of our company, all of which could harm our business. We also may be subject to claims for indemnification related to these matters, and we cannot predict the impact that indemnification claims may have on our business or financial results.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2We may grant share-based awards in the future, which may result in increased share-based compensation expenses and have an adverse effect on our future profitability.
In February 2025, we adopted the 2025 Share Incentive Plan, or the 2025 Plan, for the purpose of granting share-based compensation awards to selected directors, employees and other eligible persons to incentivize their performance and align their interests with ours. The maximum aggregate number of Class A ordinary shares which may be issued pursuant to all awards under the 2025 Plan is 3,317,204. As of the date of this annual report, all share awards for an aggregate of 3,317,204 Class A ordinary shares have been granted and have vested pursuant to the 2025 Plan. We believe the granting of share-based compensation is of significant importance to our ability to attract and retain key personnel and employees, and we may grant share-based compensation awards in the future. As a result, we may incur expenses associated with share-based compensation, which may have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Our ability to attract or retain highly skilled employees may be adversely affected by declines in the perceived value of our equity or equity awards. Furthermore, there are no assurances that the number of shares reserved for issuance under our share incentive plan will be sufficient to grant equity awards adequate to recruit new employees and to compensate existing employees. In case we decide to reserve and issue additional shares under our share incentive plan, your interests in our company will be further diluted by such issuance.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3We rely on Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders for a portion of our business operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.
We have relied and expect to continue to rely on Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to operate the business in areas where foreign ownership is restricted, including but not limited to value-added telecommunication services and other restricted services. For a description of these Contractual Arrangements, see "Item 4. Information on The Company-4.C. Organizational Structure-Contractual Arrangements with The VIE and Its Shareholders." These Contractual Arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over the VIE. If we had direct ownership of the VIE, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of such entity, which in turn could effect changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management level. However, under the current Contractual Arrangements, we rely on the performance by the VIE and its shareholders of their obligations under the contracts to exercise control over the VIE. The shareholders of the VIE may not act in the best interests of our company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. Such risks exist throughout the period in which we intend to operate our business through the Contractual Arrangements with the VIE. We may replace the shareholders of the VIE at any time pursuant to our Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders. However, if any dispute relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC law and courts and therefore will be subject to requirements under the PRC legal system. See "-Any failure by the VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our Contractual Arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business." Therefore, our Contractual Arrangements with the VIE may not be as effective in ensuring our control over the relevant portion of our business operations as direct ownership would be.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4Any failure by the VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our Contractual Arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business.
If the VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the Contractual Arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure you will be sufficient or effective under PRC laws. For example, if the shareholders of the VIE were to refuse to transfer their equity interest in the VIE to us or our designee when we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these Contractual Arrangements, or if they were otherwise to act in bad faith toward us, we may have to take legal actions to compel them to perform their contractual obligations. In addition, if any third parties claim any interest in such shareholders' equity interests in the VIE, our ability to exercise shareholders' rights according to the Contractual Arrangements may be impaired. If these or other disputes between the shareholders of the VIE and third parties were to impair our control over the VIE, our ability to consolidate the financial results of the VIE would be affected, which would in turn result in a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition. All the agreements under our Contractual Arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. See "-Risks Related to Doing Business in China-Uncertainties with respect to the enforcement of laws and changes in laws and regulations in China could adversely affect us." Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a VIE should be interpreted or enforced under PRC law, and as a result it may be difficult to predict how an arbitration panel would view such contractual arrangements. As a result, requirements under the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these Contractual Arrangements. Additionally, under PRC laws, rulings by arbitrators are final, parties cannot appeal the arbitration results in courts, and if the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay. In the event we are unable to enforce our Contractual Arrangements or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of enforcing the Contractual Arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over the VIE, and the ability to conduct our businesses may be negatively affected, which may have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5The shareholders of the VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
The shareholders of the VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us. These shareholders may breach, or cause the VIE to breach, or refuse to renew, the existing Contractual Arrangements we have with them and the VIE, which would have a material and adverse effect on our ability to effectively control the VIE and receive substantially all the economic benefits from it. For example, the shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with the VIE to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the Contractual Arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise, any or all of these shareholders will act in the best interests of our company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor. Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between these shareholders and our company. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the shareholders of the VIE, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors.
The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, including the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in the United States. In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for the ADSs may be highly volatile for factors specific to our own operations, including the following: - actual or anticipated variations in our revenues, earnings, cash flow, and changes or revisions of our expected results;- fluctuations in operating metrics;- announcements of new investments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, or joint ventures by us or our competitors;- announcements of new products and services and expansions by us or our competitors;- changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;- announcements of studies and reports relating to the quality of our product and service offerings or those of our competitors;- changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other online hospitals, pharmaceutical supply chain and offline retail pharmacy companies;- conditions in China's digital healthcare market;- detrimental negative publicity about us, our competitors, or our industry;- additions or departures of key personnel;- release of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities;- regulatory developments affecting us or our industry;- general economic or political conditions in China or elsewhere in the world;- fluctuations of exchange rates between the RMB and the U.S. dollar; and - potential litigation or regulatory investigations. Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which the ADSs will trade. Furthermore, the stock market in general experiences price and volume fluctuations that are often unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies like us. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our ADSs. Volatility or a lack of positive performance in our ADS price may also adversely affect our ability to retain key employees, most of whom have been granted equity incentives. In the past, shareholders of public companies have often brought securities class action suits against companies following periods of instability in the market price of their securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management's attention and other resources from our business and operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit, which could harm our results of operations. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7If securities or industry analysts cease to publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding the ADSs, the market price for the ADSs and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for the ADSs will be influenced by research or reports that industry or securities analysts publish about our business. If one or more analysts who cover us downgrade the ADSs, the market price for the ADSs would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for the ADSs to decline.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 8Our dual-class voting structure will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial.
Our authorized share capital consists of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares (with certain shares remaining unissued, with power for our directors to issue such classes of shares as they think fit). Holders of Class A ordinary shares will be entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B ordinary shares will be entitled to 20 votes per share. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof, while Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. As of March 31, 2026, Mr. Zhenyang Shi, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Ms. Li Xu, our Chief Financial Officer, beneficially own all of our issued and outstanding Class B ordinary shares, which constitute approximately 9.1% of our total issued and outstanding ordinary shares. Mr. Zhenyang Shi, as a result of his sole voting power and an irrevocable voting proxy granted by Ms. Li Xu, beneficially own all of our issued Class B ordinary shares and collectively be able to exercise 72.8% of the aggregate voting power of our total issued and outstanding ordinary shares. As a result of the dual-class share structure, the delegation of voting rights and the concentration of ownership, Mr. Zhenyang Shi will continue to have considerable influence over matters such as decisions regarding mergers and consolidations, election of directors, and other significant corporate actions. Such holders of Class B ordinary shares may take actions that are not in the best interest of us or our other shareholders. This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control of our company, which could have the effect of depriving our other shareholders of the opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and may reduce the price of our ADSs. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover, or other change of control transactions that holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 9You may experience dilution of your holdings due to future equity issuance and your inability to participate in rights offerings.
We may, from time to time, distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire securities. Under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not distribute rights to holders of ADSs unless the distribution and sale of rights and the securities to which these rights relate are either exempt from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all holders of ADSs, or are registered under the provisions of the Securities Act. The depositary may, but is not required to, attempt to sell these undistributed rights to third parties, and may allow the rights to lapse. We may be unable to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, and we are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to these rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to have a registration statement declared effective. Accordingly, holders of ADSs may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution of their holdings as a result. In addition, as Class B ordinary shares could only be held by Mr. Zhenyang Shi and Ms. Li Xu and their trust or any other entity established for bona fide estate planning purposes for the benefits of or on behalf of each immediate family member of Mr. Zhenyang Shi and Ms. Li Xu according to our fourth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, future issuances of Class B ordinary shares may be dilutive to the holders of ADSs and holders of Class A ordinary shares, particularly with respect to their voting power.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 10You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon our directors or officers, or enforce judgments obtained in the United States courts against our directors or officers. Our corporate affairs are governed by our fourth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association which became effective immediately prior to completion of our initial public offering (as the same may be supplemented or amended from time to time), the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands (as the same may be supplemented or amended from time to time), and the common law of the Cayman Islands. We are subject to the federal securities laws of the United States. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the English common law, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are different from what they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a different body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and certain states, such as Delaware, may have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholders derivative action in a federal court of the United States. We have been advised by Appleby, our Cayman Islands legal counsel, that the courts of the Cayman Islands are unlikely (i) to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state; and (ii) in original actions brought in the Cayman Islands, to impose liabilities against us predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state, so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature. Although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, the courts of the Cayman Islands will recognize and enforce a foreign money judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits based on the principle that a judgment of a competent foreign court imposes upon the judgment debtor an obligation to pay the sum for which judgment has been given provided certain conditions are met. For a foreign judgment to be enforced in the Cayman Islands, such judgment must be final and conclusive and for a liquidated sum, and must not be in respect of taxes or a fine or penalty, inconsistent with a Cayman Islands judgment in respect of the same matter, impeachable on the grounds of fraud or obtained in a manner, or be of a kind the enforcement of which is, contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands (awards of punitive or multiple damages may well be held to be contrary to public policy). A Cayman Islands Court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere. As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of our board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States. For a discussion of significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders, see "Item 10. Additional Information-10.B. Memorandum and Articles of Association-Differences in Corporate Law."
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 11Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company and all of our assets are located outside of the United States. Our current operations are conducted in China. In addition, all of our current directors and officers, namely Zhenyang Shi, Li Xu and Guoji Luo, reside within Chinese mainland and most of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. For more information regarding the relevant laws of the Cayman Islands and China, see "Item 3. Key Information-Enforceability of Civil Liabilities."
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 12ADSs holders may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under the deposit agreement, which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.
The deposit agreement governing the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, ADS holders waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to our shares, the ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws. If we or the depositary opposed a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with the applicable state and federal law. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of New York, which govern the deposit agreement, by a federal or state court in the City of New York, which has nonexclusive jurisdiction over matters arising under the deposit agreement. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision, courts will generally consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waive the right to a jury trial. We believe that this is the case with respect to the deposit agreement and the ADSs. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before entering into the deposit agreement. If you or any other holders or beneficial owners of ADSs bring a claim against us or the depositary in connection with matters arising under the deposit agreement or the ADSs, including claims under federal securities laws, you or such other holder or beneficial owner may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to such claims, which may have the effect of limiting and discouraging lawsuits against us or the depositary, lead to increased costs to bring a claim, limited access to information and other imbalances of resources between such holder and us, or limit such holder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that such holder finds favorable. If a lawsuit is brought against us or the depositary under the deposit agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in different outcomes than a trial by jury would have had, including results that could be less favorable to the plaintiff(s) in any such action. Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver provision is not permitted by applicable law, an action could proceed under the terms of the deposit agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the deposit agreement or ADSs shall relieve us or the depositary from our respective obligations to comply with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act nor serve as a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of ADSs of compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 13An ADS holder's right to pursue claims against the depositary is limited by the terms of the deposit agreement.
Under the deposit agreement, the federal or state courts in the City of New York will have jurisdiction to hear and determine any suit, action, or proceeding and to settle any dispute between the depositary bank and us that may arise out of or in connection with the deposit agreement. Holders and beneficial owners of our ADSs, by holding an ADS or an interest therein, understand and irrevocably agree that any legal suit, action, or proceeding against or involving us or the depositary, arising out of or based upon the deposit agreement, ADSs, or the transactions contemplated thereby or by virtue of ownership thereof, may only be instituted in a state or federal court in the City of New York, and a holder of our ADSs will have irrevocably waived any objection which such holder may have to the laying of venue of any such proceeding in, and irrevocably submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of, such courts in any such suit, action, or proceeding. However, the enforceability of similar federal court choice of forum provisions in other companies' organizational documents has been challenged in legal proceedings in the United States, and it is possible that a court could find this type of provision to be inapplicable or unenforceable. Accepting or consenting to this forum selection provision does not represent you are waiving compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Furthermore, investors cannot waive compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 14As a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq listing standards.
As a Cayman Islands exempted company listed on the Nasdaq, we are subject to the Nasdaq Stock Market's corporate governance listing standards. However, the Nasdaq listing standards permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from the Nasdaq listing standards. We are permitted to elect to rely on home country practice to be exempted from the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements. We currently follow and intend to continue to follow Cayman Islands corporate governance practices in lieu of the corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq that listed companies must: (i) have a compensation committee comprised solely of independent directors; (ii) have a nominating and corporate governance committee comprised solely of independent directors; (iii) have regularly scheduled executive sessions with only independent directors; and (ii) hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer's fiscal year-end. In the future, we may rely on other exemptions provided by Nasdaq. As a result, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they would otherwise enjoy if we complied fully with the Nasdaq listing standards.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 15We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.
Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including: - the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K;- the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;- the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time;- the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD; and - certain audit committee independence requirements in Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act. We are required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we intend to publish our results on a semi-annual basis through press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market. Press releases relating to financial results and material events are also furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC is less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 16We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements.
We are an "emerging growth company," as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, most significantly, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for so long as we remain an emerging growth company. As a result, if we elect not to comply with such auditor attestation requirements, our investors may not have access to certain information they may deem important.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 17We are a "controlled company" within the meaning of the Nasdaq rules and, as a result, may rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to shareholders of other companies.
Following the completion of our initial public offering, we are a "controlled company" as defined under the Nasdaq rules because Mr. Zhenyang Shi holds more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors. For so long as we remain a controlled company, we may rely on certain exemptions from the corporate governance rules, such as the requirement that our board of directors have a compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors. As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements. Even if we cease to be a controlled company, we may still rely on exemptions available to foreign private issuers, including being able to adopt home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters. See "-As a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq listing standards."
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 18Our currently effective memorandum and articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could have a material adverse effect on the rights of holders of our ordinary shares and the ADSs.
Our fourth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association contain provisions to limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction. Our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preference shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations, or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our ordinary shares, including Class A ordinary shares represented by ADSs. Preference shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue preference shares, the price of the ADSs may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ordinary shares and the ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 19The voting rights of holders of ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement, and you may not be able to exercise your right to direct the voting of the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs.
Holders of ADSs do not have the same rights as our registered shareholders. As a holder of ADSs, you will not have any direct right to attend general meetings of our shareholders or to cast any votes at such meetings. You will only be able to exercise the voting rights attached to the Class A ordinary shares underlying your ADSs indirectly by giving voting instructions to the depositary in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Where any matter is to be put to a vote at a general meeting, then upon receipt of your voting instructions, the depositary will try, as far as is practicable, to vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs in accordance with your instructions. You will not be able to directly exercise any right to vote with respect to the underlying Class A ordinary shares unless you cancel and withdraw the shares and become the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date for the general meeting. When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient advance notice of the meeting to withdraw the Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs and become the registered holder of such shares to allow you to attend the general meeting and to vote directly with respect to any specific matter or resolution to be considered and voted upon at the general meeting. In addition, under our fourth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, for the purposes of determining those shareholders who are entitled to attend and vote at any general meeting, our directors may close our register of members and/or fix in advance a record date for such meeting, and such closure of our register of members or the setting of such a record date may prevent you from withdrawing the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs and from becoming the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date, so that you would not be able to attend the general meeting or to vote directly. Where any matter is to be put to a vote at a general meeting, upon our instruction the depositary will notify you of the upcoming vote and will arrange to deliver our voting materials to you. We cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for their manner of carrying out your voting instructions. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to direct how the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs are voted and you may have no legal remedy if the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs are not voted as you requested. In addition, in your capacity as an ADS holder, you will not be able to call a shareholders' meeting. Further, under the deposit agreement for the ADSs, if you do not vote, the depositary will give us a discretionary proxy to vote the Class A ordinary shares underlying your ADSs at shareholders' meetings unless: - we have instructed the depositary that we do not wish a discretionary proxy to be given;- we have informed the depositary that there is substantial opposition as to a matter to be voted on at the meeting;- a matter to be voted on at the meeting would have a material adverse impact on shareholders; or - the voting at the meeting is to be made on a show of hands. The effect of this discretionary proxy is that you cannot prevent our Class A ordinary shares underlying your ADSs from being voted, except under the circumstances described above. This may adversely affect your interests and make it more difficult for shareholders to influence the management of our company. Holders of our Class A ordinary shares are not subject to this discretionary proxy.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 20If we cannot continue to satisfy the listing requirements and other rules of the Nasdaq Global Market, our ADSs may be delisted, which could negatively impact the price of our ADSs and your ability to sell them.
Our ADSs are listed on the Nasdaq Global Market. We cannot assure you that our ADSs will continue to be listed on the Nasdaq Global Market. In order to maintain our listing on the Nasdaq GlobalMarket, we are required to comply with certain rules of the Nasdaq Global Market, including those regarding minimum bid price, minimum market value of publicly held shares, and various additional requirements. On January 29, 2026, we received a written notification from the staff of the Listing Qualifications Department of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq"), indicating that for the last 33 consecutive business days, the closing bid price of our ADSs was below the minimum bid price requirement of US$1.00 per share set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1). Pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we are provided with a compliance period of 180 calendar days from the date of the notification, or until July 28, 2026, to regain compliance with Nasdaq's minimum bid price requirement. If we are unable to satisfy the Nasdaq Global Market criteria for maintaining our listing, our ADSs could be subject to delisting. If the Nasdaq subsequently delists our ADSs from trading, we could face significant consequences, including: - a limited availability for market quotations for our ADSs; - reduced liquidity with respect to our ADSs; - a determination that our ADSs are a "penny stock," which will require brokers trading in our ADSs to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our ADSs; - limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and - a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.
See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.
