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LZ Technology Holdings Limited Class B (LZMH) Risk Analysis

Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning. LZ Technology Holdings Limited Class B disclosed 67 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. LZ Technology Holdings Limited Class B reported the most risks in the “Finance & Corporate” category.

Risk Overview Q4, 2025

Source: the company's latest filing for the period ended Dec 31, 2025, filed Apr 28, 2026

Risk Distribution
67Risks
Sector Avg.Finance & CorporateTech & InnovationLegal & RegulatoryProductionAbility to SellMacro & Political
Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy

Risk Change Over Time

LZ Technology Holdings Limited Class B disclosed risks per quarterNo. of Risks65.756666.2566.566.756767.25Q4Q4Showing: Q4, 2025
Risks removedRisks addedRisks changedLZ Technology Holdings Limited Class B Risk Factors
New Risk (2)
  • Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 1
    The Company expects the Lifestyle Services vertical to be a new growth area, and one of its growth strategies is to enhance its ability to attract, incentivize and retain merchant customers for the Lifestyle Services. However, this focus on the Lifestyle Services vertical may be unsuccessful.

    We are implementing a strategy to deepen our engagement with merchants and manufacturers within our Lifestyle Services space, by enabling them to offer home delivery services for household supplies and food, coordinate flight and train tickets, hotel accommodation and admission tickets for residents, and present top deals from leading e-commerce platforms. We intend to execute this strategy by building long-term relationships with local merchants to improve our inventory selection and improving the customer experience through inventory curation and improved convenience in order to drive customer demand and purchase frequency. There are no assurances that our actions will be successful in executing this strategy. Our efforts may prove more difficult than we currently anticipate. Further, we may not succeed in realizing the benefits of these efforts on our anticipated timeline or at all. In addition, as we implement this strategy, the macroeconomic environment, including but not limited to, economy slowdown pressures, higher labor costs, supply chain challenges and resulting changes in consumer and merchant behavior may make it more difficult to effectively execute this strategy, including to quickly test, learn and scale initiatives relating to improving inventory selection or improving customer experience. Even if fully implemented, our strategy may not result in a return to growth or the other anticipated benefits to our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we are unable to effectively execute this strategy and realize its anticipated benefits, it could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Risk Highlights Q4, 2025

Main Risk Category
Finance & Corporate
With 25 Risks
Number of Disclosed Risks
67
+1
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 32
Recent Changes
2Risks added
1Risks removed
5Risks changed
Since Dec 2025
Number of Risk Changed
5
+5
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 1

Risk Word Cloud

the company depends on third-party providers for components of its out-of-home advertising services. any failure or interruption in the services provided by these third parties could negatively impact the company's ability to deliver the advertising packages to clients.out-of-home advertising servicesif some of the company's merchant customers fail to provide a superior consumer experience, consumers may lose confidence in the products and services the company promotes generally, which could have a material adverse impact on the lifestyle services business.merchant customers fail to providethe growth of our business may be adversely affected if we do not implement our growth strategies and initiatives successfully or if we are unable to manage our growth or operations effectively.unable to manage our growthour dual class voting structure has the effect of concentrating the voting control in holders of our class a ordinary shares, which will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters, and your interests may conflict with the interests of these shareholders. it may also adversely affect the trading market for our class b ordinary shares due to exclusion from certain stock market indices.ability to influence corporate mattersif we are classified as a prc resident enterprise for prc income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-prc shareholders.unfavorable tax consequences to usthe company relies on various third-party telecommunications providers and signal processing centers to transmit and communicate signals to its smart community systems.signal processing centers to transmitif securities or industry analysts publish unfavorable research, or do not continue to cover us, the company's share price and trading volume could decline.industry analysts publish unfavorable researchprc regulation of loans to and direct investment in prc entities by offshore holding companies and currency conversion policies may delay us from using the proceeds from overseas offerings to make loans or additional capital contributions to our prc subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect the company's liquidity and the company's ability to fund and expand its business.overseas offerings to make loansour dual class voting structure has the effect of concentrating the voting control in holders of our class a ordinary shares, which will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters, and your interests may conflict with the interests of these shareholders. it may also adversely affect the trading market for our class b ordinary shares due to exclusion from certain stock market indices.our dual class voting structureour lack of insurance could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.expose us to significant costs

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 67

Share Price & Shareholder Rights17 | 25.4%
  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1
    We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.

    Since we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including: - the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K;- Section 14 of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;- Section 16 of the Exchange Act provides for liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and - the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD. We are required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we may publish our results on a quarterly basis as press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC in reports on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2
    As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain Nasdaq corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. This may afford less protection to holders of the Class B Ordinary Shares.

    We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Cayman Islands, in lieu of certain corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not required to: - have a majority of the board be independent (although all of the members of the audit committee must be independent under the Exchange Act);- have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of "independent directors"; or - hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of our fiscal year. Nasdaq listing rules may require shareholder approval for certain corporate matters, such as requiring that shareholders be given the opportunity to vote on all equity compensation plans and material revisions to those plans, and certain Ordinary Share issuances. We intend to comply with the requirements of Nasdaq listing rules to have a majority of the board be independent and to appoint a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee comprised solely of independent directors. We may, however, in the future consider following home country practice in lieu of the requirements under Nasdaq listing rules with respect to certain corporate governance standards which may afford less protection to investors than they would otherwise enjoy under the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3
    You will be unable to present proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings.

    Cayman Islands law provides shareholders with only limited rights to convene a general meeting and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. LZ Technology's memorandum and articles of association do not provide its shareholders with any right to put any proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4
    Certain judgments obtained against us by LZ Technology's shareholders may not be enforceable.

    LZ Technology is a Cayman Islands company and substantially all of the Company's assets are located outside of the United States. Substantially all of the Company's current operations are conducted in China. In addition, most of LZ Technology's directors and officers are nationals or residents of mainland China or Hong Kong and all or a substantial portion of their assets are located outside the U.S. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the U.S. upon us or these persons, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in U.S. courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws or securities laws of any U.S. state. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against the Company's assets or the assets of the Company's directors and officers.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5
    You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because LZ Technology is incorporated under Cayman Islands law.

    LZ Technology is an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Its corporate affairs are governed by the memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of its shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by the minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of the directors to LZ Technology under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of LZ Technology's shareholders and the fiduciary duties of its directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands have a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like LZ Technology have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. LZ Technology's directors have discretion under the memorandum and articles of association to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, the corporate records may be inspected by LZ Technology's shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to the shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder resolution or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest. As a result of all of the above, LZ Technology's public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by LZ Technology's management, members of the board of directors or its controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6
    LZ Technology's memorandum and articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could discourage a third party from acquiring us, which could limit LZ Technology's shareholders' opportunity to sell their shares at a premium.

    LZ Technology's memorandum and articles of association contain provisions to limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving LZ Technology's shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction. For example, under its memorandum and articles of association currently in effect, LZ Technology's board of directors has the authority, without further action by its shareholders, to issue preferred shares up to 40,000,000 shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with the Class B Ordinary Shares. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If LZ Technology's board of directors decides to issue preferred shares, the price of the Class B Ordinary Shares may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of the Class B Ordinary Shares may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, LZ Technology's memorandum and articles of association contain other provisions that could limit the ability of third parties to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in a transaction resulting in a change of control.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7
    We are a "controlled company" under the rules of Nasdaq and as a result, we may choose to exempt our company from certain corporate governance requirements that could have an adverse effect on our public shareholders.

    Under Nasdaq's rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a "controlled company" and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including, without limitation, (i) the requirement that a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors, (ii) the requirement that the compensation of our officers be determined or recommended to our board of directors by a compensation committee that is comprised solely of independent directors, and (iii) the requirement that director nominees be selected or recommended to the board of directors by a majority of independent directors or a nominating committee comprised solely of independent directors. As of the date of this Annual Report, Mr. Andong Zhang, the beneficial owner of all of our outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares, held approximately 75.92% of the voting power of our outstanding share capital. As a result, we are a "controlled company" within the meaning of the Nasdaq listing rules. Although we currently do not intend to rely on the "controlled company" exemption, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future. If we elected to rely on the "controlled company" exemption, a majority of the members of our board of directors might not be independent directors and our nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees might not consist entirely of independent directors. Our status as a controlled company could cause Class B Ordinary Shares to look less attractive to certain investors or otherwise harm our trading price.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 8
    Our Chairman, Mr. Andong Zhang, has significant voting power and may take actions that may not be in the best interests of our other shareholders.

    As of the date of this Annual Report, Mr. Andong Zhang beneficially owns 22,500,000 Class A Ordinary Shares and 65,065,243 Class B Ordinary Shares, representing approximately 75.92% of the voting power of the Company's outstanding Ordinary Shares. As such, Mr. Andong Zhang will be able to control the management and affairs of our Company and most matters requiring shareholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. His interests may not be the same as or may even conflict with your interests. For example, he could attempt to delay or prevent a change in control of us, even if such change in control would benefit our other shareholders, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their Class B Ordinary Shares as part of a sale of us or our assets, and might affect the prevailing market price of the Class B Ordinary Shares due to investors' perceptions that conflicts of interest may exist or arise. As a result, this concentration of voting power may not be in the best interests of our other shareholders.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 9
    We are subject to ongoing public reporting requirements that are less rigorous than Exchange Act rules for companies that are not emerging growth companies, and the shareholders could receive less information than they might expect to receive from more mature public companies.

    We are required to publicly report on an ongoing basis as an "emerging growth company" (as defined in the JOBS Act) under the reporting rules set forth under the Exchange Act. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other Exchange Act reporting companies that are not emerging growth companies, including but not limited to: - not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;         - being permitted to comply with reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements; and         - being exempt from the requirement to hold a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. As a result of our election to take advantage of such extended transition period, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates. We expect to take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of the IPO, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of the Class B Ordinary Shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period. Because we will be subject to ongoing public reporting requirements that are less rigorous than Exchange Act rules for companies that are not emerging growth companies, the shareholders could receive less information than they might expect to receive from more mature public companies. We cannot predict if investors will find the Class B Ordinary Shares less attractive if we elect to rely on these exemptions, or if taking advantage of these exemptions would result in less active trading or more volatility in the price of the Class B Ordinary Shares.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 10
    We may issue additional equity or debt securities, which are senior to the Class B Ordinary Shares as to distributions and in liquidation, which could materially adversely affect the market price of the Class B Ordinary Shares.

    In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by entering into additional debt or debt-like financing that is secured by all or up to all of our assets, or issuing debt or equity securities, which could include issuances of commercial paper, medium-term notes, senior notes, subordinated notes or shares. In the event of our liquidation, our lenders and holders of our debt securities would receive a distribution of our available assets before distributions to our shareholders. In addition, any additional preferred stock, if issued by our company, may have a preference with respect to distributions and upon liquidation, which could further limit our ability to make distributions to our shareholders. Because our decision to incur debt and issue securities in our future offerings will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings and debt financing. Further, market conditions could require us to accept less favorable terms for the issuance of our securities in the future. Thus, you will bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the value of your Class B Ordinary Shares and diluting your interest in our company.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 11
    Substantial future sales of the Class B Ordinary Shares or the anticipation of future sales of the Class B Ordinary Shares in the public market could cause the price of the Class B Ordinary Shares to decline.

    Sales of substantial amounts of the Class B Ordinary Shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of the Class B Ordinary Shares to decline. Sales of the Class B Ordinary Shares by the Company's existing shareholders into the market could cause the market price of the Class B Ordinary Shares to decline.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 12
    If securities or industry analysts publish unfavorable research, or do not continue to cover us, the Company's share price and trading volume could decline.

    The trading market for the Class B Ordinary Shares depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us and the Company's business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If an analyst downgrades the Class B Ordinary Shares or publishes unfavorable research about the Company's business, the Company's share price would likely decline. If an analyst ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets and demand for the Class B Ordinary Shares could decrease, which could cause the share price or trading volume to decline.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 13
    We may not be able to maintain a listing of the Class B Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq.

    Our Class B Ordinary Shares are listed on Nasdaq, and we must meet certain financial and liquidity criteria to maintain such listing. If we fail to meet Nasdaq's continued listing requirements, the Class B Ordinary Shares may be delisted. In addition, our board of directors may determine that the cost of maintaining our listing on a national securities exchange outweighs the benefits of such listing. A delisting of the Class B Ordinary Shares from Nasdaq may materially impair our shareholders' ability to buy and sell the Class B Ordinary Shares and could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, the Class B Ordinary Shares. The delisting of the Class B Ordinary Shares could significantly impair our ability to raise capital and the value of your investment.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 14
    We have experienced stock price volatility unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance, financial condition or prospects, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of the Class B Ordinary Shares.

    Between February 27, 2025 and February 27, 2026, the trading price of our Class B Ordinary Shares fluctuated significantly, ranging from a high of $32.10 to a low of $1.07. Historically, the US stock market has witnessed instances of extreme stock price surges followed by rapid declines for small-cap issuers, and such volatility seemed unrelated to the issuers' performance subsequent to their initial public offerings, especially among companies with relatively small public floats. As a relatively small-capitalized company with a small public float, the share price of the Class B Ordinary Shares may continue to experience extreme volatility, lower trading volume and less liquidity than large-capitalized companies. Although the specific cause of such volatility is unclear, our small public float may amplify the impact the actions taken by a few shareholders have on the price of the Class B Ordinary Shares, which may cause the share price to deviate, potentially significantly, from a price that better reflects the underlying performance of our business. The potential extreme volatility may confuse public investors regarding the value of the shares, distort the market perception of the share price and our company's financial performance and public image, and negatively affect the long-term liquidity of the Class B Ordinary Shares, regardless of our actual or expected operating performance. As a result, investors may have difficulty assessing the rapidly changing value of the Class B Ordinary Shares and our ability to access the capital market may be materially adversely affected. In addition, when the trading volumes of the Class B Ordinary Shares are low, holders of the Class B Ordinary Shares may also not be able to readily liquidate their investment or may be forced to sell at depressed prices due to low volume trading. As a result of this volatility, investors may experience losses on their investment in the Class B Ordinary Shares.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 15
    The market price of the Class B Ordinary Shares has been volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance.

    The market price for the Class B Ordinary Shares has been volatile. The wide fluctuation of our share price could be due to multiple factors, many of which are beyond our control, including: - actual or anticipated fluctuations in the operating results of the Company due to factors related to the Company's business;- success or failure of the strategy of the Company;- the interim or annual earnings of the Company, or those of other companies in the Company's industry;- the Company's ability to obtain third-party financing as needed;- announcements by us or the Company's competitors of significant acquisitions or dispositions;- changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles;- the operating and stock price performance of other comparable companies;- investor perception of the Company;- natural or environmental disasters that investors believe may affect the Company;- overall market fluctuations;- a large sale of the Class B Ordinary Shares by a significant shareholder;- results from any material litigation or government investigation;- changes in laws and regulations affecting the Company or any of the principal products and services sold by the Company; and - general economic and political conditions and other external factors. In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. Share prices of many companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, shareholders have filed securities class litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business, and adversely affect our business.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 16
    Our dual class voting structure has the effect of concentrating the voting control in holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares, which will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters, and your interests may conflict with the interests of these shareholders. It may also adversely affect the trading market for our Class B Ordinary Shares due to exclusion from certain stock market indices.

    We have adopted a dual class voting structure such that our Ordinary Shares consist of Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares. Class A Ordinary Shares are entitled to ten (10) votes per share on proposals requiring or requesting shareholder approval and Class B Ordinary Shares are entitled to one (1) vote per share on any such matter. As of the date of this Annual Report, Mr. Andong Zhang held controlling voting power in the Company based on having approximately 75.92% of the combined voting power of our outstanding Ordinary Shares. Mr. Andong Zhang has the ability to control the outcome of most matters requiring shareholder approval, including: - the election of our Board and, through our Board, decision making with respect to our business direction and policies, including the appointment and removal of our officers;- mergers, de-mergers and other significant corporate transactions;- changes to our constitution; and - our capital structure. This voting control and influence may discourage transactions involving a change of control of the Company, including transactions in which you, as a holder of our Class B Ordinary Shares, might otherwise receive a premium for your shares. S&P Dow Jones and FTSE Russell have implemented changes to their eligibility criteria for inclusion of shares of public companies on certain indices, including the S&P 500, namely, to exclude companies with multiple classes of shares of common stock from being added to such indices. In addition, several shareholder advisory firms have announced their opposition to the use of multiple class structures. As a result, the dual class structure of our Ordinary Shares may prevent the inclusion of the Class B Ordinary Shares in such indices and may cause shareholder advisory firms to publish negative commentary about our corporate governance practices or otherwise seek to cause us to change our capital structure. Any such exclusion from indices could result in a less active trading market for our Class B Ordinary Shares. Any actions or publications by shareholder advisory firms critical of our corporate governance practices or capital structure could also adversely affect the value of the Class B Ordinary Shares.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 17
    Our Class B Ordinary Shares may be prohibited from trading in the United States under the HFCAA in the future if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely auditors located in China. The delisting of our Class B Ordinary Shares, or the threat of delisting, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.

    U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China have been the subject of intense scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity has centered on financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, a lack of effective internal controls over financial accounting, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the HFCAA requiring a foreign company to certify it is not owned or controlled by a foreign government if the PCAOB is unable to audit specified reports because the company uses a foreign auditor not subject to PCAOB inspection. In addition, if the PCAOB is unable to inspect the company's auditors for three consecutive years, the issuer's securities are prohibited to trade on a national exchange. On December 2, 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives approved the HFCAA and it was signed into law on December 18, 2020. On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the "AHFCA Act"), which, if enacted, would amend the HFCAA and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer's securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its audit work cannot be inspected when its auditor is subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three and, thus, would reduce the time before the Class B Ordinary Shares may be prohibited from trading or delisted. On December 23, 2022, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, and on December 29, 2022, legislation entitled "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023" was signed into law, which contained, among other things, an identical provision to the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act and amended the HFCAA by requiring the SEC to prohibit an issuer's securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three, thus reducing the time period for triggering the prohibition on trading. On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the HFCAA, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCAA, whether the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction. On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCAA. The rules apply to registrants the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate ("Commission-Identified Issuers"). The final amendments require Commission-Identified Issuers to submit documentation to the SEC establishing that, if true, it is not owned or controlled by a governmental entity in the public accounting firm's foreign jurisdiction. The amendments also require that a Commission-Identified Issuer that is a "foreign issuer," as defined in Exchange Act Rule 3b-4, provide certain additional disclosures in its annual report for itself and any of its consolidated foreign operating entities. A Commission-Identified Issuer will be required to comply with the submission and disclosure requirements in the annual report for each year in which it was identified. On December 16, 2021, pursuant to the HFCAA, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in the PRC and Hong Kong, because of a position taken by one or more authorities in such jurisdictions. Such determinations were vacated by the PCAOB on December 15, 2022. On August 26, 2022, CSRC, the MOF, and the PCAOB signed the Protocol, governing inspections and investigations of audit firms based in China and Hong Kong. The Protocol remains unpublished and is subject to further explanation and implementation. Pursuant to the fact sheet with respect to the Protocol disclosed by the SEC, the PCAOB shall have independent discretion to select any issuer audits for inspection or investigation and has the unfettered ability to transfer information to the SEC. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB made a statement announcing that it was able, in 2022, to inspect and investigate completely issuer audit engagements of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in China and Hong Kong. Our former auditor, Marcum Asia CPAs LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm headquartered in New York, the United States, has been registered with the PCAOB and subject to PCAOB's regular inspections. On April 30, 2025, we engaged our current auditor, GGF CPA LTD, an independent registered public accounting firm headquartered in China. GGF CPA LTD is currently registered with the PCAOB and subject to its regular inspections. We have no current intention of engaging any auditor not subject to regular inspection by the PCAOB. Uncertainties still exist as to whether the PCAOB will have continued access for complete inspections and investigations in the future. The PCAOB is expected to continue to demand complete access to inspections and investigations against accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong in the future. Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. Our securities may be prohibited from trading if our auditor cannot be fully inspected. While the Company's auditors are registered with PCAOB and subject to PCAOB inspection, in the event it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely the Company's auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction, then such inability could cause trading in the Company's securities to be prohibited under the HFCAA, as amended, and ultimately result in a determination by a securities exchange to delist the Company's securities. A termination of the trading of our securities or any restriction on the trading in our securities would have a negative impact on the Company as well as on the value of our securities. The market price of the Class B Ordinary Shares could be adversely affected as a result of anticipated negative impacts of these executive or legislative actions, regardless of whether these executive or legislative actions are implemented and regardless of our actual operating performance.

See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?
Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment. They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result. It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.
How do companies disclose their risk factors?
Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process. Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”. Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report. According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.
How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?
Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing. You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector. Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements. A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.
What are all the risk factor categories?
TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below. 1. Financial & Corporate Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results. Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing. Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments. Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances. 2. Legal & Regulatory Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company. Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation. Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy. Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives. 3. Production Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory. Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers. Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls. Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation. 4. Technology & Innovation Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development. Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology. Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks. Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying. 5. Ability to Sell Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers. Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes. Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration. Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation. 6. Macro & Political Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions. Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19. International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company. Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.