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Lesaka Technologies (LSAK) Risk Analysis

Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning. Lesaka Technologies disclosed 88 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. Lesaka Technologies reported the most risks in the “Finance & Corporate” category.

Risk Overview Q2, 2026

Source: the company's latest filing for the period ended Jun 30, 2026, filed Sep 09, 2026

Risk Distribution
88Risks
Sector Avg.Finance & CorporateTech & InnovationLegal & RegulatoryProductionAbility to SellMacro & Political
Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy

Risk Change Over Time

Lesaka Technologies disclosed risks per quarterNo. of Risks20406080100120Q3Q4Q12023Q4Q12026Q2Showing: Q2, 2026
Risks removedRisks addedRisks changedLesaka Technologies Risk Factors
Risk Changed (70)
  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1
    Our failure to prepare and timely file our periodic reports with the SEC limits our access to the public markets to raise debt

    Our failure to prepare and timely file our periodic reports with the SEC limits our access to the public markets to raise debt

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2
    price of our common stock.

    We believe that it is necessary to maintain a sufficient number of available authorized shares of our common stock in order to provide us with the flexibility to issue shares for business purposes that may arise from time to time. For example, we could sell additional shares to raise capital to fund our operations, to reduce debt or to acquire other businesses, issue shares in a BEE transaction,issue additional shares under our stock incentive plan or declare a stock dividend. Our board may authorize the issuance of additional shares of common stock without notice to, or further action by, our shareholders, unless shareholder approval is required by law or the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market. The issuance of additional shares could dilute the equity ownership of our current shareholders and any such additional shares would likely be freely tradable, which could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

  • Debt & Financing - Risk 3
    or equity capital.

    or equity capital. Form S-3 permits eligible issuers to conduct registered offerings using a short form registration statement that allows the issuer to incorporate by reference its past and future filings and reports made under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). In addition, Form S-3 enables eligible issuers to conduct primary offerings "off the shelf" under Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The shelf registration process, combined with the ability to forward incorporate information, allows issuers to avoid delays and interruptions in the offering process and to access the capital markets in a more expeditious and efficient manner than raising capital in a standard registered offering pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1. The ability to register securities for resale may also be limited as a result of the loss of Form S-3 eligibility. We did not file our 2025 Form 10-K within the timeframe required by the SEC; thus, we have not remained current in our reporting requirements with the SEC. Although we regained status as a current filer by filing our Form 10-K/A to amend our 2025 Form 10-K, as of the date of this Annual Report, we are ineligible to file new short form registration statements on Form S-3 and,absent a waiver of the Form S-3 eligibility requirements, we are no longer permitted to use our existing registration statements on Form S-3. If we wish to pursue an offering now, we would be required to conduct the offering on an exempt basis, such as in accordance with Rule 144A, or file a registration statement on Form S-1. Using a Form S-1 registration statement for a public offering would likely take significantly longer than using a registration statement on Form S-3 and increase our transaction costs, and could, to the extent we are not able to conduct offerings using alternative methods, adversely impact our ability to raise capital or complete acquisitions of other companies in a timely manner.

  • Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 4
    flow, is substantially dependent on our ability to complete the implementation of this strategy successfully.

    flow, is substantially dependent on our ability to complete the implementation of this strategy successfully. Our board conducted an extensive review of our business strategy and operations in July 2020, and decided to focus on our South African operations and other business opportunities in South Africa and, to a lesser extent, the rest of the African continent. Over recent years, we have pursued strategic acquisitions, technology investments, business integration initiatives, and the expansion of our financial services offering. These have included the integration of Lesaka Cash Management Pty Ltd, Adumo (RF) Pty Ltd, and Lesaka Utilities Pty Ltd, as well as growth across the Group's Consumer, Merchant, and Enterprise divisions. The proposed acquisition of Bank Zero described herein remains subject to the fulfilment or waiver of applicable conditions precedent. The successful realization of anticipated benefits remains subject to various internal and external factors, including market conditions, competitive pressures,regulatory developments, technology advancements, integration execution, and customer adoption of products and services. However,we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete our strategy successfully and sustain profitability and positive cash flow. Even where we are profitable, achieving net income does not necessarily ensure positive cash flow. Failure to effectively execute on our strategy, achieve targeted synergies, sustain revenue growth, manage costs, or maintain positive cash generation could adversely impact financial performance, strategic objectives, and long-term shareholder value. We therefore cannot assure you that we will sustain or increase profitability in the future and if we do not, our business will be materially and adversely affected.

  • Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 5
    business and results of operations.

    business and results of operations. Global economic and geopolitical conditions continue to influence the environment in which we operate. Heightened geopolitical tensions, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, have contributed to volatility in global financial markets and increased macroeconomic uncertainty. We have no direct operations, assets or revenue exposure in the affected regions. However, the indirect effects of these developments may adversely impact the South African operating environment,our primary market, including through foreign exchange volatility, inflationary pressures, tighter external funding conditions, and reduced consumer affordability. While we do not currently believe these developments have had a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows, geopolitical conditions remain fluid and their broader consequences are uncert ain. A continuation or escalation of these conflicts, or their expansion to surrounding areas, could adversely affect our business, and any material changes to our risk profile or financial position will be disclosed in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements.

  • Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 6
    our business.

    our business. We obtain our smart cards, electronic payment and POS devices, components for our vaults, components to repair the ISV (independent software vendor) division's POS hardware, and the other hardware we use in our business from a limited number of suppliers, and do not manufacture this equipment ourselves. We generally do not have long-term agreements with our manufacturers or component suppliers. If our suppliers become unwilling or unable to provide us with adequate supplies of parts or products when we need them, or if they increase their prices, we may not be able to find alternative sources in a timely manner and could be faced with a critical shortage. This could harm our ability to meet customer demand and cause our revenues to decline. Even if we are able to secure alternative sources in a timely manner, our costs could increase as a result of supply or geopolitical shocks, which may lead to an increase in the prices of goods and services from third parties. A supply interruption, such as the previous global shortage of semiconductors, or an increase in demand beyond current suppliers' capabilities could harm our ability to distribute our equipment and thus to acquire new customers who use our technology. Any interruption in the supply of the hardware necessary to operate our technology, or our inability to obtain substitute equipment at acceptable prices in a timely manner, could impair our ability to meet the demand of our customers, which would have an adverse effect on our business.

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Risk Highlights Q2, 2026

Main Risk Category
Finance & Corporate
With 39 Risks
Number of Disclosed Risks
88
-15
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 32
Recent Changes
15Risks added
26Risks removed
70Risks changed
Since Jun 2026
Number of Risk Changed
70
+70
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 1

Risk Word Cloud

defending our intellectual property rights or defending ourselves in infringement suits that may be brought against us isdefending our intellectual property rightscash management, payment and financial services. our future success, and our ability to sustain profitability and positive cashour ability to sustain profitabilityour failure to prepare and timely file our periodic reports with the sec limits our access to the public markets to raise debttimely file our periodic reportsyou may experience some difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing u.s and/or foreign judgments or bringingeffecting service of legal processour consumer microlending loan book and merchant lending book expose us to credit risk and our allowance for doubtfulour consumer microlending loan bookfinance loans receivable may not be sufficient to absorb future write-offs.sufficient to absorb future write-offsadversely impact our micro-lending operations in south africa.adversely impact our micro-lending operationswe may seek to raise additional financing by issuing new securities with terms or rights superior to those of shares of ourseek to raise additional financingrequired to increase the black shareholding of our company in a manner that could dilute your ownership and/or change theblack shareholding of our companysouth africa's high levels of poverty, unemployment and crime may increase our costs and impair our ability to maintain aimpair our ability to maintain

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 88

Share Price & Shareholder Rights14 | 15.9%
  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1Added
    Our failure to prepare and timely file our periodic reports with the SEC limits our access to the public markets to raise debt

    Our failure to prepare and timely file our periodic reports with the SEC limits our access to the public markets to raise debt

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2Added
    price of our common stock.

    We believe that it is necessary to maintain a sufficient number of available authorized shares of our common stock in order to provide us with the flexibility to issue shares for business purposes that may arise from time to time. For example, we could sell additional shares to raise capital to fund our operations, to reduce debt or to acquire other businesses, issue shares in a BEE transaction,issue additional shares under our stock incentive plan or declare a stock dividend. Our board may authorize the issuance of additional shares of common stock without notice to, or further action by, our shareholders, unless shareholder approval is required by law or the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market. The issuance of additional shares could dilute the equity ownership of our current shareholders and any such additional shares would likely be freely tradable, which could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3Changed
    operations and stock price.

    operations and stock price. The completion of the Bank Zero acquisition is subject to a number of conditions precedent, including receipt of regulatory approvals and certain third-party consents. Some of these conditions are outside our control. To complete the acquisition, we must make certain filings with, and obtain certain consents and approvals from, various governmental and regulatory authorities. The regulatory approval processes may take a lengthy period of time to complete, and there can be no assurance as to the outcome of the approval processes, including the undertakings and conditions that may be required for approval, or whether the regulatory approvals will be obtained at all. In addition, the completion of the acquisition is conditional on, among other things, no action or circumstance occurring that w ould result in a material adverse effect on the Bank Zero's business operations or financial results. We cannot provide any assurance regarding if or when all conditions precedent to the acquisition will be satisfied or waived. If,for any reason, the acquisition is not completed, or its completion is materially delayed and/or the transaction agreement is terminated,the market price of our common stock may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if the acquisition is not completed for any reason, there are risks that (i) the announcement of the acquisition and (ii)the dedication of management's attention and other of our resources to the completion thereof, could have a negative impact on our relationships with our stakeholders and could have a material adverse effect on our current and future operations, financial condition and prospects.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4Changed
    required to increase the Black shareholding of our company in a manner that could dilute your ownership and/or change the

    required to increase the Black shareholding of our company in a manner that could dilute your ownership and/or change the

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5Changed
    adversely affect our stock price.

    adversely affect our stock price. The South African rand, or ZAR, is the primary operating currency for our business operations while our financial results are reported in U.S. dollars. Therefore, any depreciation in the ZAR against the U.S. dollar, would negatively impact our reported revenue and net income. The U.S. dollar/ZAR exchange rate has historically been volatile and we expect this volatility to continue (refer to Item 7-"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Currency Exchange Rate Information."). Due to the significant fluctuation in the value of the ZAR and its impact on our reported results, you may find it difficult to compare our results of operations between financial reporting periods even though we provide supplemental information about our results of operations determined on a ZAR basis. Similarly, depreciation in the ZAR may negatively impact the prices at which our stock trades. We generally do not engage in any currency hedging transactions intended to reduce the effect of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on our results of operations, other than economic hedging using forward contracts relating to our inventory purchases which are settled in U.S. dollars or euros. We cannot guarantee that we will enter into hedging transactions in the future or, if we do,that these transactions will successfully protect us against currency fluctuations.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6Changed
    The put right we granted to the IFC Investors on the occurrence of certain triggering events may have adverse impacts on us.

    The put right we granted to the IFC Investors on the occurrence of certain triggering events may have adverse impacts on us. In May 2016, we issued an aggregate of 9,984,311 shares of our common stock to the IFC Investors. Certain IFC Investors were also investors in Adumo and on October 1, 2024, we issued an aggregate of 1,989,162 additional shares of our common stock to these IFC Investors pursuant to the Adumo transaction agreement. As of June 30, 2026, the IFC Investors held 8,430,676 shares. We granted the IFC Investors certain rights, including the right to require us to repurchase any share held by the IFC Investors pursuant to the May 2016 and October 2024 transactions upon the occurrence of specified triggering events, which we refer to as a "put right." The put price per share will be the higher of the price per share paid to us by the IFC Investors and the volume-weighted average price per share prevailing for the 60 trading days preceding the triggering event, except that with respect to a put right triggered by rejection of a bona fide offer, the put price per share will be the highest price offered by the offeror. If a put triggering event occurs, it could adversely impact our liquidity and capital resources. In addition, the existence of the put right could also affect whether or on what terms a third party might in the future offer to purchase our company. Our response to any such offer could also be complicated,delayed or otherwise influenced by the existence of the put right.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7Changed
    Approximately 29% of our outstanding common stock is owned by two shareholders. The interests of these shareholders may

    Approximately 29% of our outstanding common stock is owned by two shareholders. The interests of these shareholders may

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 8Changed
    conflict with those of our other shareholders.

    conflict with those of our other shareholders. There is a concentration of ownership of our outstanding common stock because approximately 29% of our outstanding common stock is owned by two shareholders. Based on their most recent SEC filings disclosing ownership of our shares, Value Capital Partners (Pty) Ltd, or VCP, and IFC Investors, beneficially own approximately 19% and 10% of our outstanding common stock as of June 30,2026, respectively. The interests of VCP and the IFC Investors may be different from or conflict with the interests of our other shareholders. As a result of the significant combined ownership by VCP and the IFC Investors, they may be able, if they act together, to significantly influence the voting outcome of all matters requiring shareholder approval. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our company, thus depriving shareholders of a premium for their shares, or facilitating a change of control that other shareholders may oppose.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 9Changed
    We may seek to raise additional financing by issuing new securities with terms or rights superior to those of shares of our

    We may seek to raise additional financing by issuing new securities with terms or rights superior to those of shares of our

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 10Changed
    common stock, which could adversely affect the market price of such shares.

    common stock, which could adversely affect the market price of such shares. We may require additional financing to fund future operations, including expansion in current and new markets, programming development and acquisition, capital costs and the costs of any necessary implementation of technological innovations or alternative technologies, or to fund acquisitions. We may also wish to raise additional equity funding to reduce the amount of debt funding on our balance sheet. Because of the exposure to market risks associated with economies in emerging markets, we may not be able to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the percentage ownership of our current shareholders will be reduced, and the holders of the new equity securities may have rights superior to those of the holders of shares of common stock, which could adversely affect the market price and voting power of shares of common stock. If we raise additional funds by issuing debt securities, the holders of these debt securities would similarly have some rights senior to those of the holders of shares of common stock, and the terms of these debt securities could impose restrictions on operations and create a significant interest expense for us.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 11Changed
    Issuances of significant amounts of stock in the future could potentially dilute your equity ownership and adversely affect the

    Issuances of significant amounts of stock in the future could potentially dilute your equity ownership and adversely affect the

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 12Changed
    lead to a loss of investor confidence in us.

    lead to a loss of investor confidence in us. As described under Item 9A-"Controls and Procedures.", we concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2026, and that we had, as of such date, material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting related to: Our Consumer lending, Consumer insurance and Group payroll processes, specifically insufficient risk assessment and monitoring activities relating to changes in or migration of systems and processes, insufficient controls over internal information and information from service organizations, and insufficient design and implementation of Information Technology General Controls ("ITGCs"), controls over service organizations and process level controls, resulting in ineffective process level controls, including a lack of validation of the completeness and accuracy of information used within the process; Our journal entry process, specifically relating to insufficient risk assessment, and ineffective design and implementation of controls including insufficient controls over information resulting in ineffective process level controls including a lack of validation of the completeness of the journal entry population and inadequate validation of the completeness and accuracy of information used within the process; The failure of our Utilities, Lesaka Hospitality Proprietary Limited (formerly known as GAAP-Point-Of-Sale Proprietary Limited) ("Lesaka Hospitality"), Lesaka Merchant Technologies and Lesaka Payments businesses to comply with the our Sarbanes program, specifically insufficient risk assessment and monitoring activities relating to systems and processes,insufficient controls over internal information and information from service organizations, and insufficient design and implementation of ITGCs controls over service organizations and process level controls, resulting in ineffective process level controls, including a lack of validation of the completeness and accuracy of information used within the process; An insufficient number of experienced and trained resources to execute on their internal control responsibilities resulting in inadequate risk assessment, ineffective design, implementation and operating effectiveness of process level controls for processes in the scope of our internal control over financial reporting evaluation. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses identified in Item 9A-"Controls and Procedures.", resulted in immaterial misstatements of prior period amounts, which have been corrected through revision of the prior period financial statements as described in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements, and in a corrected immaterial current period misstatement related to revenue; they did not require amendment of any previously filed report. We intend to remediate these material weaknesses. While we believe the steps we take to remediate these material weaknesses will improve the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and will remediate the identified deficiencies, if our remediation efforts are insufficient to address the material weakness or we identify additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future, our ability to analyze, record and report financial information accurately, to prepare our financial statements within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the SEC and to otherwise comply with our reporting obligations under the federal securities laws may be adversely affected. The occurrence of, or failure to remediate, these material weaknesses and any future material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting may adversely affect the accuracy and reliability of our financial statements and have other consequences that could materially and adversely affect our business, including an adverse impact on the market price of our common stock, potential actions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, shareholder lawsuits, a loss of investor confidence and damage to our reputation.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 13Changed
    Act, especially over companies that we may acquire, could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.

    Act, especially over companies that we may acquire, could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price. Under Section 404 of Sarbanes, we are required to furnish a management certification and auditor attestation regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We are required to report, among other things, control deficiencies that constitute a "material weakness" or changes in internal control that materially affect, or are reasonably likely to materially affect,internal control over financial reporting. A "material weakness" is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The requirement to evaluate and report on our internal controls also applies to companies that we acquire. While we continue to dedicate resources and management time to ensuring that we have effective controls over financial reporting, failure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could have a material adverse effect on the market's perception of our business and our stock price.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 14
    Our stock price has been and may continue to be volatile.

    Our stock price has been and may continue to be volatile. Our stock price has periodically experienced significant volatility. During the 2026 fiscal year, our stock price ranged from a low of $3.62 to a high of $5.54. We expect that the trading price of our common stock may continue to be volatile as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to the following: Any adverse developments in litigation or regulatory actions in which we are involved; Fluctuations in currency exchange rates, particularly the U.S. dollar/ZAR exchange rate; Announcement of additional BEE transactions, especially one involving the issuance or potential issuance of equity securities or dilution or sale of our existing business in South Africa; Quarterly variations in our operating results; Significant fair value adjustments or impairment in respect of investments or intangible assets; Announcements of acquisitions or disposals; The timing of, or delays in the commencement, implementation or completion of major projects; Large purchases or sales of our common stock; and General conditions in the markets in which we operate. Additionally, shares of our common stock can be expected to be subject to volatility resulting from purely market forces over which we have no control.

See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?
Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment. They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result. It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.
How do companies disclose their risk factors?
Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process. Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”. Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report. According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.
How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?
Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing. You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector. Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements. A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.
What are all the risk factor categories?
TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below. 1. Financial & Corporate Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results. Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing. Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments. Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances. 2. Legal & Regulatory Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company. Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation. Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy. Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives. 3. Production Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory. Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers. Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls. Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation. 4. Technology & Innovation Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development. Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology. Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks. Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying. 5. Ability to Sell Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers. Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes. Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration. Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation. 6. Macro & Political Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions. Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19. International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company. Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.