Skyline Builders Group Holding Ltd Class A (KAZR) Risk Analysis
Risk Overview Q1, 2026
Source: the company's latest filing for the period ended Mar 31, 2026, filed Aug 17, 2026
Risk Change Over Time
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1The PubCo may not result in the anticipated benefits, and the market price of the PubCo's common stock may be volatile.
We and Cove Kaz expect the Business Combination to create a company focused on the exploration, development and processing of critical minerals. However, the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination are subject to numerous assumptions and uncertainties. The PubCo may not successfully integrate the relevant businesses and assets, execute its development plans, secure sufficient financing, obtain required permits, complete construction, commence commercial production or generate revenue and positive cash flow within the anticipated timeframe or at all. The market price of the PubCo's common stock may be affected by, among other things, delays in project development, changes in mineral-resource estimates, financing needs, commodity-price fluctuations, regulatory developments, geopolitical events, sales by significant shareholders, the issuance of additional shares and differences between actual results and market expectations. If the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination are not realized, the market price of the PubCo's common stock could decline, and investors may lose all or a substantial portion of their investment.
- Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 2We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. You must rely on price appreciation of the Class A Ordinary Shares for return on your investment.
We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in the Class A Ordinary Shares as a source for any future dividend income. Our board of directors ("BOD") has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law and the Amended Memorandum and Articles. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our board of directors. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our Company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if we decide to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiary, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in the Class A Ordinary Shares will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of the Class A Ordinary Shares. There is no guarantee that the Class A Ordinary Shares will appreciate in value in the future or even maintain the price at which you purchased the Class A Ordinary Shares. You may not realize a return on your investment in the Class A Ordinary Shares and you may even lose your entire investment in the Class A Ordinary Shares.
- Debt & Financing - Risk 3The PubCo's mineral projects will require substantial capital, and financing may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.
The exploration, development and construction of mining and processing projects are capital intensive. Preliminary estimated development costs for the Northern Katpar and Upper Kairakty tungsten projects are at least $1.1 billion, and actual costs may be materially higher as a result of inflation, project optimization, construction delays, cost overruns, supply-chain disruptions, changes in regulatory requirements, adverse site conditions or other factors. The PubCo may also require substantial funding for definitive feasibility studies, exploration programs, environmental and technical studies, infrastructure, equipment, working capital and the development of its other mineral concessions in Kazakhstan. Although the Export-Import Bank of the United States and the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation have issued letters of interest for potential project financing of up to $900 million and $700 million, respectively, such letters of interest do not constitute binding commitments to provide financing. Any financing remains subject to further due diligence, credit approval, documentation, satisfaction of conditions and other requirements. There is no assurance that any financing contemplated by these letters will be obtained, or that it will be obtained in the amounts or on the terms currently contemplated. If sufficient funding is not available, the PubCo may be required to delay, reduce or abandon exploration, development, construction or processing activities. Additional equity financing could dilute the interests of existing shareholders, while debt financing could impose restrictive covenants, require security over project assets and increase the PubCo's interest expense and financial risk. The inability to obtain sufficient financing on acceptable terms could materially and adversely affect the PubCo's ability to develop its projects and implement its business strategy.
- Debt & Financing - Risk 4The loan facility of up to $45.0 million we made to Cove Kaz exposes us to credit and liquidity risks.
On June 2, 2026, we entered into a loan agreement (the "Convertible Loan Agreement") with Cove Kaz, which superseded the prior loan agreement between Cove Kaz and us dated April 21, 2026. Pursuant to the Convertible Loan Agreement, we agreed to make available to Cove Kaz a loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $45.0 million, of which $23.1 million was advanced to Cove Kaz on April 22, 2026, and the remaining $21.9 million was advanced on June 10, 2026. Each advance bears simple interest at a rate of 10% per annum and is subject to the repayment and conversion provisions of the Convertible Loan Agreement. Our ability to recover the principal amount of the advances and accrued interest thereon depends on Cove Kaz's financial condition, liquidity and ability to obtain financing or generate sufficient cash flows. Cove Kaz's business involves capital-intensive mineral exploration and development activities and may not generate sufficient revenue or cash flows to repay the advances when due. If the Business Combination is delayed or not completed, Cove Kaz may have limited resources with which to repay the advances. Any default or delay in repayment could result in a loss or impairment and reduce the cash available to us for our operations and other obligations. In addition, because the loan facility was fully drawn as of June 10, 2026, our credit exposure to Cove Kaz has increased to the full $45.0 million principal amount, and our available liquidity has been correspondingly reduced. As a result, we may have less cash available to fund our existing operations, pursue other business opportunities, satisfy our obligations or respond to unforeseen circumstances. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
- Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 5The required dispositions of our existing businesses and assets may not be completed on acceptable terms or within the required timeframe and may expose us to continuing liabilities.
As conditions to the Business Combination, we are required to dispose of our Hong Kong legacy business and our interest in Reemag LLC. The Reemag disposition was completed in May 2026. With respect to the disposition of our Hong Kong legacy business, we may be unable to identify a suitable purchaser, obtain required approvals or complete the disposition within the required timeframe or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all. Any failure or delay in completing the disposition could delay or prevent the consummation of the Business Combination. The consideration received in the disposition may be less than the carrying value or expected value of the applicable assets. We may also be required to provide representations, warranties, indemnities, transition services or other contractual protections to purchasers. Certain liabilities relating to the disposed businesses may remain with us or may be asserted against us after completion of the dispositions. The disposition may also result in tax liabilities, transaction costs, impairment charges or other losses. Following the disposition, we will no longer benefit from the revenues, cash flows or assets of the disposed businesses. If the Business Combination is subsequently delayed or not completed, we may have limited or no operating business and may be required to seek another business combination, raise additional financing or take other actions to continue as a going concern.
- Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 6The proposed business combination may not be completed within the anticipated timeframe or at all, and the Transaction Agreement may be terminated in accordance with its terms.
On April 30, 2026, we entered into the Transaction Agreement with SKBL Merger Sub, Cove Kaz and KRLLC with respect to the Business Combination. The completion of the Business Combination is subject to numerous conditions, including, among others, approval by our shareholders, receipt of required governmental and third-party approvals, the effectiveness of a registration statement registering the shares of PubCo Class A Common Stock to be issued to our shareholders, the listing of such shares on the applicable trading market and the absence of a material adverse effect with respect to us or the Kaz Companies. Certain closing conditions may not be satisfied or waived within the anticipated timeframe or at all. Governmental authorities may delay, condition or deny required approvals, and our shareholders may not approve the Business Combination. In addition, events occurring after the execution of the Transaction Agreement may prevent one or more of the representations, warranties or closing conditions under the Transaction Agreement from being satisfied. The Transaction Agreement may be terminated under specified circumstances, including if the Business Combination has not been completed by the termination date set forth therein, the required shareholder approval is not obtained, a governmental authority permanently prohibits the Business Combination, a party materially breaches its representations, warranties or covenants, our board of directors changes or withdraws its recommendation, or the required disposition of our Hong Kong legacy business is not completed by the applicable deadline. If the Transaction Agreement is terminated, we may not realize any of the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination. Any delay in completing, or failure to complete, the Business Combination could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
- Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 7We will incur substantial transaction-related costs in connection with the Business Combination regardless of whether it is completed.
We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, substantial costs in connection with the negotiation and completion of the Business Combination, including legal, accounting, financial advisory, financing, regulatory, filing, printing and other professional fees. We may also incur costs in connection with obtaining shareholder and regulatory approvals, preparing and filing the applicable registration statement and proxy materials, arranging the PIPE Financing, disposing of our Hong Kong legacy business, and preparing for the integration and operation of the PubCo?following completion of the Business Combination. A significant portion of these costs is payable regardless of whether the Business Combination is completed. We may also incur additional costs and expenses if the completion of the Business Combination is delayed, if regulatory authorities impose additional requirements, or if litigation or other disputes arise in connection with the Business Combination. These costs could exceed our current estimates and reduce the cash and other resources available to us for our existing operations or the operations of the PubCo. If the Business Combination is not completed, we will have incurred substantial expenses without realizing the expected benefits of the Business Combination, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and liquidity.
- Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 8The pendency of the Business Combination may disrupt our existing business, divert management's attention and adversely affect our relationships with customers, employees and other business partners.
Our management has devoted, and is expected to continue to devote, significant time and attention to the Business Combination. This diversion of management resources may impair our ability to operate our existing business effectively, address operational matters, retain personnel and pursue other business opportunities. The Business Combination may also create uncertainty among our customers, employees, suppliers, subcontractors, lenders and other business partners regarding our future operations and business strategy. Our existing or prospective business partners may delay or defer decisions concerning their relationships with us, and our employees may experience uncertainty regarding their continued employment or future roles. Competitors may also seek to take advantage of such uncertainty. Any of these developments could adversely affect our existing business, regardless of whether the Business Combination is completed.
- Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 9Completion of the Business Combination would fundamentally change the nature of our business, and we expect the executive leadership and management of Cove Kaz and the Kaz Companies will continue in their respective roles within the PubCo.
Historically, our principal operations have consisted of civil engineering activities in Hong Kong. The Transaction Agreement requires, as a condition to the obligations of Cove Kaz, KRLLC and SKBL Merger Sub to consummate the Business Combination, that we dispose of our Hong Kong legacy business in a manner reasonably satisfactory to Cove Kaz and have no operations or business in Hong Kong or China, or liabilities related thereto, as of the Closing Date. The proposed business strategy involves industries, markets, technologies, regulatory regimes and operational risks that are substantially different from those associated with our existing civil engineering business. We do not have an established operating history in the mining or critical minerals industry. Following the consummation of the Business Combination, we expect that the PubCo will rely on the management and personnel of Cove Kaz and the Kaz Companies to operate its business and execute its business plans. There can be no assurance that the PubCo will successfully execute such business plans or that these key personnel will remain with PubCo. Any failure to execute such business plans, the loss of any such personnel, or PubCo's inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel with relevant industry experience could materially and adversely affect the PubCo's business, financial condition and results of operations. The implementation of the new business strategy will require the PubCo to further develop or strengthen expertise in numerous areas, including geological exploration, mineral-resource evaluation, mine design, project development, metallurgy, mineral processing, environmental compliance, mine safety, infrastructure development, government relations and the marketing of mineral products. If the PubCo is unable to obtain and retain qualified personnel, develop the required operational capabilities or adapt to the risks and requirements of the mining industry, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Risk Highlights Q1, 2026
Risk Word Cloud
Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 73
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1AddedThe PubCo may not result in the anticipated benefits, and the market price of the PubCo's common stock may be volatile.
We and Cove Kaz expect the Business Combination to create a company focused on the exploration, development and processing of critical minerals. However, the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination are subject to numerous assumptions and uncertainties. The PubCo may not successfully integrate the relevant businesses and assets, execute its development plans, secure sufficient financing, obtain required permits, complete construction, commence commercial production or generate revenue and positive cash flow within the anticipated timeframe or at all. The market price of the PubCo's common stock may be affected by, among other things, delays in project development, changes in mineral-resource estimates, financing needs, commodity-price fluctuations, regulatory developments, geopolitical events, sales by significant shareholders, the issuance of additional shares and differences between actual results and market expectations. If the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination are not realized, the market price of the PubCo's common stock could decline, and investors may lose all or a substantial portion of their investment.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2ChangedOur controlling shareholder has considerable influence over our corporate matters.
Our share capital is divided into Class A Ordinary Shares, Class B Ordinary Shares, Series A Preferred Shares and Series B Preferred Shares. Holders of Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares are entitled to receive notice of, attend, speak and vote at general meetings of the Company and vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders. Each Class A Ordinary Share entitles its holder to one (1) vote, and each Class B Ordinary Share entitles its holder to twenty (20) votes, on all matters subject to a vote at general meetings of the Company. Series A Preferred Shares and Series B Preferred Shares do not carry voting rights with respect to matters subject to a vote at general meetings of the Company, except with respect to the matters specified in our Amended Memorandum and Articles. Class A Ordinary Shares may not be converted into Class B Ordinary Shares, Series A Preferred Shares or Series B Preferred Shares. Class B Ordinary Shares may not be converted into Class A Ordinary Shares, Series A Preferred Shares or Series B Preferred Shares. Series A Preferred Shares may not be converted into Class B Ordinary Shares or Series B Preferred shares, and Series B Preferred Shares may not be converted into Class B Ordinary Shares or Series A Preferred Shares. Series A Preferred Shares and Series B Preferred Shares are convertible into Class A Ordinary Shares in accordance with our Amended Memorandum and Articles. Provided that such transfer complies with applicable Nasdaq Listing Rules and subject to the lock-up agreements entered into in connection with private placements and the Transaction Agreement, our shareholders may freely transfer shares to another person by completing an instrument of transfer in a common form or in a form prescribed by the Nasdaq Listing Rules or in any other form approved by our directors, executed where she Shares are Fully Paid, by or on behalf of that shareholder; and where the Shares are partly paid, by or on behalf of that shareholder and the transferee. Where the shares of any class in question are not listed on any stock exchange or subject to the rules of any stock exchange, our directors may in their absolute discretion decline to register any transfer of such shares which are not fully paid up or on which our Company has a lien. Our controlling shareholder, Dablam LLP, holds 1,995,000 Class B Ordinary Shares, collectively representing 71.4% of the aggregate voting power of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares. As a result of our current share structure and the concentration of ownership, Dablam LLP will hold considerable influence over corporate matters requiring shareholder approval and will independently control the operations of the Company, including without limitation, electing directors and approving material mergers, acquisitions or other business combination transactions. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could also discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions, which could have the effect of depriving the holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares of the opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over the prevailing market price.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3ChangedOur controlling shareholder may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Because our controlling shareholder, Dablam LLP, has considerable influence over our corporate matters, its interests may differ from the interests of our company as a whole. The controlling shareholder could, for example, appoint directors and management without the requisite experience, relations or knowledge to steer our company properly because of their affiliations or loyalty, and such actions may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition. Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between the controlling shareholder and our company. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the shareholders, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could disrupt our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4If we fail to meet applicable listing requirements, Nasdaq may delist our Class A Ordinary Shares from trading, in which case the liquidity and market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares could decline.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to meet the continued listing standards of Nasdaq in the future. If we fail to comply with the applicable listing standards and Nasdaq delists our Class A Ordinary Shares, we and our shareholders could face significant material adverse consequences, including: - a limited availability of market quotations for our Class A Ordinary Shares;- reduced liquidity for our Class A Ordinary Shares;- a determination that our Class A Ordinary Shares are "penny stock", which would require brokers trading in our Class A Ordinary Shares to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our Class A Ordinary Shares;- a limited amount of news about us and analyst coverage of us; and - a decreased ability for us to issue additional equity securities or obtain additional equity or debt financing in the future.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5The recent joint statement by the SEC and PCAOB, proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, and the HFCAA all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S. auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. These developments could add uncertainties to our offering securities.
On April 21, 2020, SEC Chairman Jay Clayton and PCAOB Chairman William D. Duhnke III, along with other senior SEC staff, released a joint statement highlighting the risks associated with investing in companies based in or have substantial operations in emerging markets including China. The joint statement emphasized the risks associated with lack of access for the PCAOB to inspect auditors and audit work papers in China and higher risks of fraud in emerging markets. On May 18, 2020, Nasdaq filed three proposals with the SEC to (i) apply minimum offering size requirement for companies primarily operating in "Restrictive Market", (ii) adopt a new requirement relating to the qualification of management or board of director for Restrictive Market companies, and (iii) apply additional and more stringent criteria to an applicant or listed company based on the qualifications of the company's auditors. On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the HFCAA requiring a foreign company to certify it is not owned or controlled by a foreign government if the PCAOB is unable to audit specified reports because the company uses a foreign auditor not subject to PCAOB inspection. If the PCAOB is unable to inspect the company's auditors for three consecutive years, the issuer's securities are prohibited to trade on a national exchange. On December 2, 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives approved the HFCAA. On December 18, 2020, the HFCAA was signed into law. Additionally, in July 2020, the U.S. President's Working Group on Financial Markets issued recommendations for actions that can be taken by the executive branch, the SEC, the PCAOB or other federal agencies and department with respect to Chinese companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges and their audit firms, in an effort to protect investors in the U.S.. In response, on November 23, 2020, the SEC issued guidance highlighting certain risks, and their implications to U.S. investors, associated with investments in China-based issuers and summarizing enhanced disclosures the SEC recommends China-based issuers make regarding such risks. On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final amendments to its rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCAA, which took effect on January 10, 2022. We will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies us as having a "non-inspection" year, as defined in the rules, under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCAA, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above. Under the HFCAA, our securities may be prohibited from trading on the Nasdaq or other U.S. stock exchanges if our auditor is not inspected by the PCAOB for three consecutive years, and this ultimately could result in our shares being delisted. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the AHFCAA, which was signed into law on December 29, 2022, amending the HFCAA and requiring the SEC to prohibit an issuer's securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three consecutive years, shortening the timeline for the application of the HPCAA's delisting and trading prohibition from three years to two, and thus, would reduce the time before securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted. On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the HFCAA, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCAA, whether the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a determination report which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in: (1) mainland China of the PRC; and (2) Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region of the PRC, because of positions taken by PRC authorities in those jurisdictions, which determinations were vacated on December 15, 2022. Our current auditor, SRCO, C.P.A., Professional Corporation, is not headquartered in mainland China or Hong Kong and was not identified by the PCAOB in its report on December 16, 2021 as a firm subject to the PCAOB's determinations, which determinations were vacated on December 15, 2022. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol, or SOP, Agreement with the CSRC and China's Ministry of Finance. The SOP, together with two protocol agreements governing inspections and investigation, establishes a specific, accountable framework to make possible complete inspections and investigations by the PCAOB of audit firms based in China and Hong Kong, as required under U.S. law. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong completely in 2022. The PCAOB vacated its previous 2021 determinations that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. However, whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainty and depends on a number of factors out of our, and our auditor's, control. The PCAOB is continuing to demand complete access in mainland China and Hong Kong moving forward and is already making plans to resume regular inspections in the second half of 2023 and beyond, as well as to continue pursuing ongoing investigations and initiate new investigations as needed. The PCAOB has indicated that it will act immediately to consider the need to issue new determinations with the HFCAA if needed. If the PCAOB in the future again determines it is unable to inspect and investigate completely auditors in mainland China and Hong Kong, then the companies audited by those auditors would be subject to a trading prohibition on U.S. markets pursuant to the HFCAA. If the PCAOB in the future again determines it is unable to inspect and investigate completely auditors in mainland China and Hong Kong, then the lack of access to the PCAOB inspection in China would prevent the PCAOB from fully evaluating audits and quality control procedures of the auditors based in China. As a result, investors could be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections, if the PCAOB again determines it is unable to inspect and investigate completely auditors in mainland China and Hong Kong. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China would make it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these accounting firms' audit procedures or quality control procedures, which could cause existing and potential investors in our stock to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements. Although our auditor was not identified by the PCAOB in its report as a firm subject to the PCAOB's determinations, which determinations were vacated on December 15, 2022, should the PCAOB be unable to fully conduct inspection of our auditor's work papers in China, this could adversely affect us and our securities for the reasons noted above. Our auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this report, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the U.S. and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the U.S. pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess our auditor's compliance with the applicable professional standards. Our auditor is headquartered in East Amherst, New York, and has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis with the last inspection in 2023. However, the recent developments would add uncertainties to our offering securities and we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor's audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6The sale of a substantial amount of Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
Sales of substantial amounts of our securities in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could adversely affect the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares, and the market value of our other securities. Furthermore, in the future, we may issue additional Class A Ordinary Shares or other equity or debt securities convertible into Class A Ordinary Shares. Any such issuance could result in substantial dilution to our existing shareholders and could cause our share price to decline.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7The dual-class share structure may adversely affect the trading market for the Class A Ordinary Shares.
Certain shareholder advisory firms have announced changes to their eligibility criteria for inclusion of shares of public companies on certain indices, including the S&P 500, to exclude companies with multiple classes of shares and companies whose public shareholders hold no more than 5% of total voting power from being added to such indices. In addition, several shareholder advisory firms have announced their opposition to the use of multiple class structures. As a result, the multi-class share structure may prevent the inclusion of the Class A Ordinary Shares in such indices and may cause shareholder advisory firms to publish negative commentary about our corporate governance practices or otherwise seek to cause us to change our capital structure. Any such exclusion from indices could result in a less active trading market for our Class A Ordinary Shares. Any actions or publications by shareholder advisory firms critical of our corporate governance practices or capital structure could also adversely affect the value of the Class A Ordinary Shares.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 8We are an "emerging growth company," and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Class A Ordinary Shares less attractive to investors.
We are an "emerging growth company," as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the "JOBS Act"). We elected to avail ourselves of the extended transition period for implementing new or revised financial accounting standards. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although we could lose that status sooner (1) if our revenue exceed US$1.235 billion, (2) if we issue more than US$1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three-year period, or (3) if the market value of our shares held by non-affiliates exceeds US$700 million as of any March 31 before that time, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following March 31. We cannot predict if investors will find our Class A Ordinary Shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our shares and our stock price may be more volatile. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of certain of the reduced disclosure obligations in the registration statement of which this report is a part and may elect to take advantage of other reduced reporting requirements in future filings. As a result, the information we provide to our stockholders may be different than you might receive from other public reporting companies in which you hold equity interests and our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates. We may take advantage of these provisions for up to five years or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 9We are a "controlled company" defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. Although we do not intend to rely on the "controlled company" exemption under the Nasdaq listing rules, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future and you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.
Dablam LLP holds 1,995,000 Class B Ordinary Shares, collectively representing 71.4% of the aggregate voting power of our issued and outstanding share capital. Accordingly, we are, and for so long as Dablam LLP continues to hold more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors, will continue to be, a "controlled company" as defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. For so long as we remain a controlled company under that definition, we are permitted to elect to rely, and may rely, on certain exemptions from Nasdaq's corporate governance requirements, including: - an exemption from the rule that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors;- an exemption from the rule that the compensation of our chief executive officer must be determined or recommended solely by independent directors; and - an exemption from the rule that our director nominees must be selected or recommended solely by independent directors. As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements. Although we do not intend to rely on the "controlled company" exemption under the Nasdaq listing rules, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future. If we elected to rely on the "controlled company" exemption, a majority of the members of our board of directors might not be independent directors and our nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees might not consist entirely of independent directors. Our status as a controlled company could cause our Class A Ordinary Shares to look less attractive to certain investors or otherwise harm our trading price. As a result, the investors will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 10Future sales, or the perception of future sales, by us or our shareholder in the public market could cause the market price for our Class A Ordinary Shares to decline.
The sale of substantial amounts of Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur could harm the prevailing market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. As of August 10, 2026, we have a total of 15,947,094 Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding. Of the outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares, 1,725,000 Class A Ordinary Shares sold by us in our initial public offering and up to 118,813,826 Class A Ordinary Shares, including Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants issued in the private placements dated as of October 28, 2025 and August 29, 2025, registered with the SEC for resale are freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), except that any Class A Ordinary Shares held by our "affiliates," as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, may be sold only pursuant to an effective registration statement or under Rule 144 or another available exemption from registration under the Securities Act. The remaining outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares held by our shareholders may be sold in the public market in the future, subject to applicable lock-up agreements and the restrictions under Rule 144. In addition, as of August 10, 2026, we had 47,326,026 Series A Preferred Shares and 6,442 Series B Preferred Shares outstanding. Each Series A Preferred Share is convertible, at the option of its holder and without payment of any additional consideration, into a number of fully paid Class A Ordinary Shares determined in accordance with the applicable Series A conversion rate (as further described in the Amended Memorandum and Articles). Each Series B Preferred Share is convertible, at the option of its holder and without payment of any additional consideration, into a number of fully paid and non-assessable Class A Ordinary Shares determined by dividing its stated value by the applicable conversion price, which was initially US$2.40 per share and is subject to adjustment in accordance with our Amended Memorandum and Articles. Subject to this limitation, up to 47,326,026 Class A Ordinary Shares are issuable upon conversion of all outstanding Series A Preferred Shares and up to 21,473,333 Class A Ordinary Shares are issuable upon conversion of all outstanding Series B Preferred Shares. Any Class A Ordinary Shares issued upon conversion may be sold in the public market pursuant to an effective registration statement or an available exemption from registration, subject to applicable lock-up arrangements and restrictions under the Securities Act. If our shareholders sell a substantial amount of Class A Ordinary Shares, the prevailing market price for our Class A Ordinary Shares could be adversely affected. As restrictions on resale end, the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares could drop significantly if the holders of our restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to raise additional funds through future offerings of our Class A Ordinary Shares or other securities.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 11The market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the price you paid.
The market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including: - actual or anticipated fluctuations in our revenue and other operating results;- the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these projections;- actions of securities analysts who initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our Company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;- announcements by us or our competitors of significant products or features, technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments;- price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a result of trends in the economy as a whole;- lawsuits threatened or filed against us; and - other events or factors, including those resulting from war or incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 12We may experience extreme stock price volatility unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance, financial condition or prospects, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
Recently, there have been instances of extreme stock price run-ups followed by rapid price declines and strong stock price volatility with recent IPOs, especially among those with relatively smaller public floats. As a relatively small-capitalization company with relatively small public float, we may experience greater stock price volatility, extreme price run-ups, lower trading volume and less liquidity than large-capitalization companies. In particular, our Class A Ordinary Shares may be subject to rapid and substantial price volatility, low volumes of trades and large spreads in bid and ask prices. Such volatility, including any stock-run up, may be unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance and financial condition or prospects, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our Class A Ordinary Shares. In addition, if the trading volumes of our Class A Ordinary Shares are low, persons buying or selling in relatively small quantities may easily influence prices of our Class A Ordinary Shares. This low volume of trades could also cause the price of our Class A Ordinary Shares to fluctuate greatly, with large percentage changes in price occurring in any trading day session. Holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares may also not be able to readily liquidate their investment or may be forced to sell at depressed prices due to low volume trading. Broad market fluctuations and general economic and political conditions may also adversely affect the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares. As a result of this volatility, investors may experience losses on their investment in our Class A Ordinary Shares. A decline in the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares also could adversely affect our ability to issue additional Class A Ordinary Shares or other securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future. No assurance can be given that an active market in our Class A Ordinary Shares will develop or be sustained. If an active market does not develop, holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares may be unable to readily sell the Class A Ordinary Shares they hold or may not be able to sell their Class A Ordinary Shares at all.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 13Future financing may cause a dilution in your shareholding or place restrictions on our operations.
We may need to raise additional funds to finance further expansion of our capacity and business for our existing operations, acquisitions or strategic partnerships and the Business Combination, related transactions and PubCo. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of new equity or equity-linked securities of the Company other than on a pro rata basis to existing shareholders, the percentage ownership of such shareholders in the Company may be reduced, and such new securities may confer rights and privileges that take priority over those conferred by the shares. Alternatively, if we meet such funding requirements by way of additional debt financing, we may have restrictions placed on us through such debt financing arrangements which may: - further limit our ability to pay dividends or require us to seek consents for the payment of dividends;- increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;- require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to service our debt, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund capital expenditure, working capital requirements and other general corporate needs; and - limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 14You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and conduct substantially all of our operations in Hong Kong through our wholly-owned Hong Kong Operating Subsidiaries. Most of our directors and substantially all of our executive officers reside outside the U.S. and a substantial portion of their assets are located outside of the U.S.. As a result, it may be difficult for our shareholders to effect service on these persons or bring an action against us or against these individuals in the Cayman Islands or in Hong Kong in the event that they believe that their rights have been infringed under the securities laws of the U.S. or otherwise. Even if shareholders are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and Hong Kong may render them unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. Our corporate affairs are governed by our Amended Memorandum and Articles, the Companies Act and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law. Decisions of the Privy Council (which is the final Court of Appeal for British overseas territories such as the Cayman Islands) are binding on a court in the Cayman Islands. Decisions of the English courts, and particularly the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal, are generally of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. Decisions of courts in other Commonwealth jurisdictions are similarly of persuasive but not binding authority. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a different body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, shareholders of Cayman Islands companies may not have the standing to initiate a shareholders' derivative action in a federal court of the United States. Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records (other than the memorandum and articles of association and any special resolutions passed by such companies, and the register of mortgages and charges of such companies) or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors have discretion under our Amended Memorandum and Articles to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest. There is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands would (i) recognize or enforce against the Company judgments of courts of the United States obtained against the Company or their directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States, or (ii) in original actions brought in the Cayman Islands, impose liabilities against the Company predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States, so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature. In those circumstances, although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the federal or state courts of the United States, the courts of the Cayman Islands will in certain circumstances recognize and enforce a foreign judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits based on the principle that a judgment of a competent foreign court imposes upon the judgment debtor an obligation to pay the sum for which judgment has been given provided certain conditions are met. For a foreign judgment to be enforced in the Cayman Islands, such judgment: (i) must be final and conclusive, (ii) must be given by a foreign court of competent jurisdiction (the courts of the Cayman Islands will apply the rules of Cayman Islands private international law to determine whether the foreign court is a court of competent jurisdiction), and (iii) must not be in respect of taxes or a fine or penalty, inconsistent with a Cayman Islands judgment in respect of the same matter, impeachable on the grounds of fraud or obtained in a manner, or be of a kind the enforcement of which is, contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands (awards of punitive or multiple damages may well be held to be contrary to public policy). A Cayman Islands court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, differ significantly from requirements for companies incorporated in other jurisdictions such as the United States. To the extent we choose to follow home country practice with respect to corporate governance matters, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under rules and regulations applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States.
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