ITT (ITT) Risk Analysis

Our business exposes us to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the design, manufacture, and marketing of products for the markets we serve. In addition, many of the devices we manufacture and sell are critical components designed to be used in harsh environments for long periods of time where the cost of failure is high. Component failures, manufacturing defects, design flaws, or inadequate disclosure of product-related risks or product-related information could result in an unsafe condition or injury to, or death of, an end-user of our products. The occurrence of such a problem could result in product liability claims or a recall of, or safety alert relating to, one or more of our products which could ultimately result, in certain cases, in the removal of such products from the marketplace and claims regarding costs associated therewith. Product liability claims or product recalls in the future, regardless of their ultimate outcome, could have an adverse effect on our reputation and on our ability to attract and retain customers for our products.

The Company is subject to taxes in the U.S. and in various foreign jurisdictions. We exercise significant judgment in calculating our provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities. In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Changes in domestic or foreign tax laws and regulations, or their interpretation, could result in higher or lower tax rates assessed or changes in the taxability of certain income or the deductibility of certain expenses, thereby affecting our tax expense and profitability. Any significant increase in our future effective tax rates could reduce net income in future periods. Given the global nature of our business, a number of factors may increase our future effective tax rates, including changes in the geographic mix of our profits among jurisdictions with differing statutory income tax rates; sustainability of historical income tax rates in the jurisdictions in which we conduct business; changes in tax laws applicable to us; expiration, renewal or application of tax holidays; the resolution of issues arising from tax audits with various tax authorities; or changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax asset valuation allowances. The amount of income taxes and other taxes we have paid are subject to ongoing audits by U.S. federal, state, and local tax authorities and by non-U.S. authorities. If these audits result in assessments different from amounts paid or reserved, future financial results may include unfavorable tax adjustments. We are currently under routine examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and other U.S. and non-U.S. tax authorities, and we may be subject to additional examinations in the future. The tax authorities may disagree with our tax treatment of certain material items and thereby increase our tax liability. Failure to sustain our position in these matters could result in a material adverse effect on our financial statements. We are closely monitoring the potential passage of new U.S. and foreign tax legislation, which could result in substantial changes to the current U.S. or foreign tax systems. In October 2021, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and G20 Finance Ministers reached an agreement, known as Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Pillar Two, which is a multi-jurisdictional plan of action to address base erosion and profit shifting. On December 20, 2021, the OECD released the Model GloBE Rules for Pillar Two defining a 15% global minimum tax rate for large multinational corporations. Countries are implementing legislation with widespread adoption of the Model GloBE Rules for Pillar Two. We continue to evaluate the Model GloBE Rules for Pillar Two and related legislation, and their potential impacts. Continuing enactment of these regulations could increase the amount of global corporate income tax paid by the Company. These increases could have a material adverse effect on our effective tax rate. As the effects of a change in U.S. or foreign tax law must be recognized in the period in which the new legislation is enacted, should new legislation be signed into law, our financial results could be materially impacted. On August 16, 2022, the U.S. government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the Inflation Reduction Act) into law. The Inflation Reduction Act includes a new corporate alternative minimum tax (the Corporate AMT) of 15% on the adjusted financial statement income (the "AFSI") of corporations with an average AFSI exceeding $1.0 billion over a three-year period. The Corporate AMT was effective for the Company beginning in 2023. Given the AFSI threshold, the Corporate AMT was not applicable to the Company in 2025, but the Corporate AMT may have potential impacts on our future U.S. tax expense, cash taxes and effective tax rate. Additionally, the Inflation Reduction Act imposes a 1% excise tax on the fair market value of net stock repurchases made after December 31, 2022. Although the impact of this provision was not material in prior years, we incurred $5.0 of excise tax on stock repurchases in 2025, and future impacts will depend on the extent of share repurchases in subsequent periods.

We believe product performance, reliability and innovation, application expertise, enforcement of intellectual property rights, brand reputation, and price are principal points of competition in our markets. We manufacture key components that are integral to the operation of systems and manufacturing processes in the markets we serve. The reliability and performance of our products are critically important to our customers and the users of their products. Accordingly, quality is extremely important to us and our customers due to the potentially costly consequences of product failure. Our quality certifications, including products manufactured to military specifications, are critical to the marketing success of our goods and services. Our success in part depends on our ability to attract and retain skilled engineers and to manufacture to exact tolerances precision-engineered components, subassemblies and finished devices from multiple materials. If our components fail to meet these standards or fail to adapt to evolving standards, it could damage our reputation as a manufacturer of high-quality components, which could hurt our ability to remain competitive and result in a loss of customers, market share or product sales. Maintaining and improving our competitive position will require our continued investment in manufacturing, research and development, engineering, marketing, customer service and support, and our distribution networks. Insufficient investment in these areas may result in a failure to maintain our competitive position. In addition, our existing competitors, or potential new competitors, may develop products that are cheaper and/or superior to our products, develop more efficient or effective methods of providing products and services, or adapt more quickly than we do to new technologies or evolving customer requirements. These pressures may result in us having to take actions, such as adjusting the prices of certain products, in order to stay competitive. Obtaining, maintaining and enforcing our proprietary rights is another factor that is critical to the success of our business and our ability to remain competitive. For certain products and manufacturing processes, we rely on patents, trademarks, trade secrets, non-disclosure agreements and other contracts to protect these rights. These contracts may be breached or may not prevent competitors from independently developing or selling similar products. In addition, during the normal course of business, we could unintentionally infringe or violate the proprietary rights of others. Intellectual property litigation could be time consuming for management and could result in significant legal expenses to either pursue claims against others, or to defend ourselves. If we are unable to protect our patents, trademarks, or other proprietary rights, or if we infringe or violate the rights of others, our ability to remain competitive could be adversely impacted. If we are unable to maintain our competitive position, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

The efficient operation of our business is dependent on information technology (IT) systems, some of which are owned or managed by third parties. In the ordinary course of business, we collect and store confidential information, including proprietary business information belonging to us, our customers, suppliers, business partners and other third parties, as well as personally identifiable information of our employees and others. Our information technology systems and those of our third-party service providers may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to power outages, hardware failures, telecommunication failures, cybersecurity incidents and user errors that may affect our operations. Although we actively manage the risks to our information technology systems that are within our control, we can provide no assurance that our actions or those of our third-party service providers will always be successful in eliminating or mitigating risks to our systems, networks or data. Even the most well-protected information technology systems could be vulnerable to internal and external cybersecurity incidents including, but not limited to, those by employees and by computer hackers and other threat actors utilizing techniques such as phishing, ransomware or denial of service attacks. We have experienced cybersecurity incidents in the past which have not had a material impact on our operations or financial results. If we experience a future disruption in our information technology systems, it could result in the loss of sales and customers and significant incremental costs, which could materially adversely affect our business. In addition, as a provider of products and services to government and commercial customers, and particularly as a government contractor, we are subject to a heightened risk of cybersecurity incidents caused by computer viruses, illegal break-ins or hacking, sabotage, or acts of vandalism, including by foreign governments, hackers and cyber terrorists. Furthermore, information technology security threats are increasing in sophistication, intensity and frequency. A cybersecurity incident may occur, including breaches that we may be unable to detect in a timely manner. The integration of artificial intelligence ("AI") into our engineering and manufacturing processes could amplify cybersecurity risks, including unauthorized access to proprietary data and disruption of production systems. AI usage can expand our attack surface and increase the sensitivity and volume of data processed. Threat actors may exploit AI systems (including generative models) to enable more sophisticated phishing, deepfake social engineering, and automated vulnerability discovery. In addition, we depend on third-party AI tools, cloud platforms, and model providers; deficiencies in those vendors' security, privacy, or model governance could create risks we cannot fully control. The unavailability of our information technology systems, the failure of these systems to perform as anticipated for any reason, or any significant breach of security could cause significant disruption to our business or could result in decreased performance and increased costs. We continue to monitor data security regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. The processing and storage of certain information is increasingly subject to privacy and data security regulations, and many such regulations are country specific. The interpretation and application of data protection laws in the U.S., Europe, China, and elsewhere are uncertain, evolving and may be inconsistent across jurisdictions. Compliance with these various laws may be onerous and require us to incur substantial costs or to change our business practices in a manner that adversely affects our business, while failure to comply with such laws may subject us to substantial penalties. If we are unable to protect sensitive information, our customers or governmental authorities could question the adequacy of our security processes and procedures and our compliance with evolving privacy and data security regulations and government cybersecurity requirements for government contractors, potentially causing us to lose business. A breach could also result in the loss of our intellectual property, potentially impacting our long-term capability to compete for sales of affected products. In addition, a breach of security of our information technology systems could result in litigation, regulatory action and potential liability, as well as increased costs to implement further information security measures. If we are unable to prevent, detect or adequately respond to cybersecurity incidents, our operations could be disrupted, our reputation could be harmed, and our business and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Our international operations, including U.S. exports, comprise a growing portion of our operations and are a strategic focus for continued future growth. We have sales in emerging markets such as Mexico, South America, China, and the Middle East. In 2025, approximately 65% of our total sales were to customers operating outside of the United States. Our sales from international operations and export sales are subject to varying degrees of risks inherent in doing business outside of the United States. These risks include the following: - war or geopolitical instability in regions where we operate;- fluctuations in foreign exchange rates;- possibility of unfavorable circumstances arising from host country laws or regulations;- restrictions, regulations, or tax liabilities on currency repatriation;- potential negative consequences from changes to taxation policies;- the disruption of operations from labor and political disturbances; and - our ability to hire and maintain qualified staff in these regions. Our operations in emerging markets could involve additional uncertainties such as challenges in our ability to protect our intellectual property, pressure on the pricing of our products, and risks of political instability. Governments of emerging market countries may also impose limitations or prohibitions on our ability to repatriate funds, impose or increase withholding or other taxes on remittances and other payments to us, seek to nationalize our assets, or impose or increase investment barriers or other restrictions that may adversely affect our business. Because a significant portion of our sales are to customers operating outside the U.S., our financial results have been, and may continue to be, adversely impacted by foreign currency fluctuations, which are influenced by changes in global macroeconomic conditions. The primary foreign currencies to which we have exposure are the Euro, Chinese renminbi, Czech koruna, Danish krone, Singapore dollar, Polish zloty, South Korean won, Saudi riyal, Mexican peso, and Israeli new shekel. Any significant change in the value of currencies of the countries in which we do business relative to the value of the U.S. dollar could reduce our revenue, impact our ability to sell products and control costs, thus our financial results have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected upon translation. In addition, our international subsidiaries report their results of operations and financial position in their respective local currencies (i.e., functional currencies), which are then translated into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes. From time to time, we enter into derivative contracts to hedge some of our foreign currency exposures. However, our hedging strategy may fail to reduce our exposure and could even result in an unfavorable impact on our financial results. Refer to Note 21, Derivative Financial Instruments, for further information. The cost of compliance with increasingly complex and often conflicting regulations worldwide can also impair our flexibility in modifying product, marketing, pricing or other strategies for growing our businesses, as well as our ability to improve productivity and maintain acceptable profit margins.

Over the last several years the U.S. government has undertaken a series of actions to increase tariffs on certain goods imported into the U.S., particularly from China and other key trading partners. In early 2025, the U.S. government announced or extended tariffs on a range of imported goods, including certain industrial components and raw materials, as part of ongoing trade actions. In response, several countries, including China, announced or implemented retaliatory tariffs on goods exported from the United States. These reciprocal trade measures have contributed to increased uncertainty in global trade policy and supply chain dynamics. Prior tariffs have negatively impacted demand for our products as well as the cost of certain parts and materials that we purchase from vendors located overseas, particularly in China. Although we have been mitigating, and will continue attempting to mitigate, the impact of tariffs by supplier and customer negotiations, diversification strategies and pricing actions, there can be no assurance that our mitigation actions will be effective. At this time, it remains unclear what further measures will be implemented, including changes to existing trade agreements or the imposition of additional tariffs. Any new or continued trade disputes or increased tensions between the U.S. and other countries, and any governmental actions, including further increases of existing tariffs or the imposition of new tariffs, or changes to trade agreements applicable to our operations, may continue to adversely impact demand for our products, increase our costs, and disrupt our supply chain. These risks, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business results of operations and financial condition.

If operations at one or more of our manufacturing facilities were to be disrupted or damaged as a result of war (including related to Russia-Ukraine, the Middle East, and China-Taiwan), an epidemic or pandemic, changing weather or climate conditions (including increases in storm intensity, sea-level rise, melting of permafrost and temperature extremes on facilities or operations; and changes in the availability or quality of water, or other natural resources on which our business depends), IT system failure, cyber-attack, equipment failure, labor dispute, natural disaster, power outage, flood, fire, explosion, act of terrorism, relocation of production location or any other catastrophic event or reason, our ability to meet customer demand for our products may be impacted. We have business continuity plans in place to mitigate the effects of such interruptions, but these plans may not be sufficient to resolve the issues in a timely manner. A significant interruption in production capability could also require us to make substantial payments due to non-performance. In addition, although we have insurance for certain covered losses, there can be no assurance that such insurance will be sufficient. In addition, any recovery under our insurance policies would be subject to deductibles and, depending on the coverage, may not offset the lost revenues or increased expenses that may be experienced during the disruption of operations.

The manufacturing industry is currently experiencing a skilled labor shortage. This shortage has created difficulties for the Company in attracting and retaining factory employees, in meeting customer demand and in controlling labor costs. We currently have a significant number of open positions, and we expect this to remain so in 2026. A failure to attract or retain engineering and other highly skilled personnel could adversely affect our operating results, our ability to deliver products and services to our customers and our ability to grow our business. Our future success will continue to depend, to a significant extent, on our ability to attract or retain engineers, senior management, our skilled labor source and other key personnel, which will depend on our ability to offer competitive compensation, training, flexibility and other benefits that our current and prospective employees desire.

Our business relies on third-party suppliers for raw materials, components and contract manufacturing services to produce our products. Commodity prices and the prices for other raw materials necessary for production have fluctuated, and may continue to fluctuate, which represent a potential risk for our financial results. We are not always able to pass along raw material and component price increases to our customers which has impacted, and may continue to impact, our sales growth and profitability. In addition, the supply of raw materials to ITT and to its component parts suppliers has been, and may continue to be, interrupted for a variety of reasons affecting our suppliers, including congested shipping ports around the world, production interruptions, heightened geopolitical tensions, including related to the Russia-Ukraine and the Middle East conflicts, global pandemics, the impaired financial condition of a particular supplier, capacity constraints, labor disputes or shortages, the ability to meet regulatory requirements and commitments to other purchasers. For most of our products, we have existing alternate sources of supply, or the required materials have historically been readily available. In limited instances, we depend on a single source of supply, manufacturing or assembly, or participate in commodity markets that may be subject to a limited number of suppliers. Although we believe we could obtain and qualify alternative sources for most sole and limited source supplier materials if necessary, the transition to an alternative source could be complex, costly, and protracted, especially if the change requires us to redesign our systems or re-qualify our products. Any further delay in our suppliers' abilities to provide us with sufficient quality or flow of materials or any supplier price increases, or any decreased availability of raw materials or commodities, could further impair our ability to deliver products to our customers and may impact our profitability.

Our CCT and MT segments derive a portion of their revenue from sales to U.S. government customers and higher tier contractors who sell to the U.S. government. The government's expenditures are subject to political and budgetary fluctuations and constraints, which may result in significant unexpected changes in levels of demand for our products. In addition, the award, administration and performance of government contracts are subject to regulatory and contractual requirements that differ significantly from the terms and conditions that apply to contracts with our non-governmental customers. We have in the past and may in the future be subject to audits and investigations to evaluate our compliance with these requirements. If we are found to have failed to comply with requirements applicable to government contractors, we may be subject to various actions, including but not limited to fines or penalties, reductions in the value of our government contracts, restrictions on the sale of certain products to the government, or suspension or debarment from government contracting. Failure to comply with applicable requirements also could harm our reputation and our ability to compete for future government contracts or sell equivalent commercial products. If we are not able to meet the requirements for government contractors, we may lose orders, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.