GigaCloud Technology, Inc. Class A (GCT) Risk Analysis

If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, a number of unfavorable PRC tax considerations could follow. Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation regulations issued by the PRC State Council, a 10% PRC withholding tax is applicable to dividends paid to investors that are non-resident enterprises, which do not have an establishment or place of business in mainland China or which have such establishment or place of business but the dividends are not effectively connected with such establishment or place of business, to the extent such dividends are derived from sources within the PRC. Any gain realized on the transfer of our Class A ordinary shares by such investors is also subject to PRC tax at a current rate of 10%, if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within the PRC. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends paid on our ordinary shares, and any gain realized from the transfer of our Class A ordinary shares, would be treated as income derived from sources within the PRC and would as a result be subject to PRC taxation. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends paid to individual investors who are non-PRC residents and any gain realized on the transfer of our Class A ordinary shares by such investors may be subject to PRC tax (which in the case of dividends may be withheld at source) at a rate of 20%. Any PRC tax liability may be subject to reduction or exemption set forth in applicable tax treaties or under applicable tax arrangements between jurisdictions. However, if we or any of our subsidiaries established outside the PRC are considered a PRC resident enterprise, it is unclear whether holders of our Class A ordinary shares would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into between the PRC and other countries or areas. If dividends paid to our non-PRC investors, or gains from the transfer of our Class A ordinary shares by such investors, are deemed as income derived from sources within the PRC and thus are subject to PRC tax, the value of your investment in our Class A ordinary shares may decline significantly.

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which we refer to as the Companies Act below, and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the U.S. In particular, the Cayman Islands have a less developed body of securities laws than the U.S. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the U.S. Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records (other than the memorandum and articles of association and any special resolutions passed by such companies, and the registers of mortgages and charges of such companies) or to obtain copies of register of members of these companies. Under Cayman Islands law, the names of current directors can be obtained from a search conducted at the Registrar of Companies in the Cayman Islands. Our directors have discretion under our articles of association to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest. As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulties in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by our management, our board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the U.S.

The trading price of our Class A ordinary shares is likely to be volatile. The stock market in general and the market for shares of ecommerce solutions companies in particular have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. As a result of this volatility, investors may not be able to sell our Class A ordinary shares at or above the price they acquired our shares. The market price for our Class A ordinary shares may be influenced by those factors discussed in this "Item 1A. Risk Factors" section and many others, including: - regulatory developments in the U.S., the PRC and foreign countries;- innovations or new products or solution offerings developed by us or our competitors;- announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;- supply or distribution delays or shortages;- any changes to our relationships with any third-party ecommerce platforms, sellers and buyers or other strategic partners;- achievement of expected product sales and profitability;- variations in our financial results or those of companies that are perceived to be similar to us;- market conditions in the large parcel merchandise and ecommerce solutions market and issuance of securities analysts' reports or recommendations;- trading volume of our Class A ordinary shares;- an inability to obtain additional funding;- sales of our securities by insiders and shareholders;- general economic, industry and market conditions and other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control;- additions or departures of key personnel;- the impact of any pandemics or epidemics;- reputational damage by short-seller reports; and - intellectual property, product liability or other litigation against us. In addition, in the past, shareholders of public companies have initiated class action lawsuits against those companies following periods of volatility in the market prices of those companies' shares. Such litigation, if instituted against us, could cause us to incur substantial costs and divert management's attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our Class A ordinary shares are currently listed on the Nasdaq Global Market. If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq, such as the corporate governance requirements or the minimum closing bid price requirement, the Nasdaq Global Market may take steps to delist our Class A ordinary shares. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of our Class A ordinary shares and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our Class A ordinary shares when you wish to do so. In the event of a delisting, we can provide no assurance that any action taken by us to restore compliance with listing requirements would allow our Class A ordinary shares to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our Class A ordinary shares, prevent our Class A ordinary shares from dropping below the Nasdaq minimum bid price requirement or prevent future non-compliance with the Nasdaq's listing requirements.

As of December 31, 2025, our executive officers, directors and greater than 5% shareholders, in the aggregate, beneficially owned approximately 30.2% of our total issued and outstanding ordinary shares, or 74.8% of the total voting power. As a result, such persons or their appointees to our board of directors, acting together, would have the ability to control or significantly influence all matters submitted to our board of directors or shareholders for approval, including the appointment of our management, the election and removal of directors and approval of any significant transaction, as well as our management and business affairs. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving us, or discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our business, even if such a transaction would benefit other shareholders.

Sales of a substantial number of our Class A ordinary shares in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur could significantly reduce the market price of our Class A ordinary shares and impair our ability to raise adequate capital through the sale of additional equity securities. As of December 31, 2025, we had 36,914,419 issued and outstanding ordinary shares, comprised of 29,637,687 Class A ordinary shares (which had excluded an aggregate of 136,587 Class A ordinary shares issued and reserved for future allocation upon exercise or vesting of awards granted under our share incentive plans, and 237,269 Class A ordinary shares repurchased under our share repurchased program but not yet cancelled) and 7,276,732 Class B ordinary shares. 3,381,000 Class A ordinary shares of these issued and outstanding shares were issued at our initial public offering and are freely tradable, without restriction, in the public market. Additional shares, including the shares held by directors, executive officers and other affiliates which will be subject to volume limitations under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, are eligible for sale in the public market. In addition, additional ordinary shares that are either subject to outstanding options or reserved for future issuance under our employee benefit plans will become eligible for sale in the public market to the extent permitted by the provisions of various vesting schedules and Rule 144 and Rule 701 under the Securities Act. If these additional ordinary shares are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold, in the public market, the trading price of our Class A ordinary shares could decline. Certain holders of our ordinary shares will be entitled to rights with respect to the registration of their shares under the Securities Act, subject to vesting. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in the shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act, except for shares held by affiliates, as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Any sales of securities by these shareholders could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our Class A ordinary shares.

Our auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this annual report, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the U.S. and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the U.S. pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. Our auditor is located in China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB was unable to conduct inspections and investigations completely without the approval of the Chinese authorities prior to 2022. The HFCAA was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCAA provides that if the SEC determines that an issuer has filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been able to be subject to inspection by the PCAOB, the issuer shall be identified as a "Commission-identified Issuer," and upon two consecutive years of non-inspection under the HFCAA, the SEC shall prohibit its securities from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the U.S. On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the HFCAA, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCAA, whether the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction completely because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report on its determinations that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong completely, because of positions taken by PRC authorities in these jurisdictions. The PCAOB included in its report a list of registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely, including our auditor. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it was unable to inspect or investigate registered public accounting firms completely. Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate audit firms completely in mainland China and Hong Kong, among other jurisdictions. Whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in China is subject to uncertainty and depends on a number of factors out of our and our auditor's control. If the PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and investigate accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong completely and we use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the SEC, we would be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of the annual report on Form 10-K for the relevant fiscal year. Given that we have operations in the U.S., we may in the future maintain our accounting books and records in the U.S., and if required by the HFCAA, the PCAOB or the SEC, we shall in the future, but shall in no event later than after being identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for two consecutive years, change our auditor to an independent registered public accounting firm located in the U.S. subject to the PCAOB's inspection in order to maintain the listing of our Class A ordinary shares. We may incur additional costs in connection with such change and we cannot assure you that we can do so in a timely manner, if at all. If we fail to implement measures to comply with the HFCAA and the uncertainty surrounding the possible new rule and regulations regarding the implementation of the HFCAA remains, such uncertainty could cause the market price of our Class A ordinary shares to be materially and adversely affected, and our securities could be delisted or prohibited from being traded "over-the-counter" in the United States if we are identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for two consecutive years in the future. If our shares are prohibited from trading in the United States, there is no certainty that we will be able to list on a non-U.S. exchange or that a market for our shares will develop outside of the United States. If our securities are unable to be listed on another securities exchange by then, such a delisting would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our Class A ordinary shares when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with a potential delisting would have a negative impact on the price of our Class A ordinary shares. Also, such a prohibition would significantly affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, which would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and prospects.

Our auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this annual report, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the U.S. and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the U.S. pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. Our auditor is located in China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB was unable to conduct inspections and investigations completely without the approval of the Chinese authorities before 2022. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China in the past has made it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of the audit procedures or quality control procedures of the independent registered public accounting firms in China as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to the PCAOB inspections. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it was unable to inspect or investigate registered public accounting firms completely. However, if the PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and investigate accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong completely, and we use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the SEC, we and investors in our shares would be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections, which could cause investors and potential investors in the shares to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.

The trading market for our Class A ordinary shares will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our Class A ordinary shares, the trading price of our Class A ordinary shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases to cover us or fails to regularly publish reports on us, interest in our Class A ordinary shares could decrease, which could cause the price or trading volume of our Class A ordinary shares to decline.

We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we cannot make rights available to you in the U.S. unless we register the rights and the securities to which the rights relate under the Securities Act or an exemption from the registration requirements is available. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective. Moreover, we may not be able to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act. Accordingly, you may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in your holdings.

If a United States Holder is treated as owning, directly, indirectly or constructively, at least 10% of the value or voting power of our ordinary shares, such United States Holder may be treated as a "United States shareholder" with respect to each "controlled foreign corporation" in our group, if any. We believe we were a controlled foreign corporation in 2025 and may continue to be a controlled foreign corporation in the future. A United States shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation may be required to annually report and include in its U.S. taxable income its pro rata share of "Subpart F income," "net CFC tested income" (or, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026, "global intangible low-taxed income") and investments in U.S. property by controlled foreign corporations, regardless of whether we make any distributions. Failure to comply with these reporting obligations may subject a United States shareholder to significant monetary penalties and may prevent the statute of limitations with respect to such shareholder's U.S. federal income tax return for the year for which reporting was due from starting. An individual that is a United States shareholder with respect to a controlled foreign corporation generally would not be allowed certain tax deductions or foreign tax credits that would be allowed to a United States shareholder that is a U.S. corporation. We cannot provide any assurances that we will assist our investors in determining whether our company or any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries is treated as a controlled foreign corporation or whether any such investor is treated as a United States shareholder with respect to any such controlled foreign corporation. Further, we cannot provide any assurances that we will furnish to any United States Holder information that may be necessary to comply with the reporting and tax paying obligations described in this risk factor. United States Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the potential application of these rules to their investment in our Class A ordinary shares.

Our currently effective memorandum and articles of association contain provisions to limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction. For example, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our ordinary shares, or otherwise. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue preferred shares, the price of our Class A ordinary shares may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ordinary shares may be materially and adversely affected.

Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that, (i) unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (or, if the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York lacks subject matter jurisdiction over a particular dispute, the state courts in New York County, New York) shall be the exclusive forum within the United States for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising out of or relating in any way to the federal securities laws of the United States, regardless of whether such legal suit, action, or proceeding also involves parties other than our company, and (ii) the courts of the Cayman Islands shall be the sole and exclusive forum for: - any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of our company;- any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to our company or our shareholders;- any action asserting a claim under any provision of the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands or our memorandum and articles of association; or - any action asserting a claim against our company which if brought in the U.S. would be a claim arising under the internal affairs doctrine (as such concept is recognized under the laws of the U.S.). These exclusive-forum provisions may increase a shareholder's cost and limit the shareholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any of our shares or other security, whether by transfer, sale, operation of law or otherwise, shall be deemed to have notice of and have irrevocably agreed and consented to these provisions. There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provisions, and the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies' charter documents has been challenged in legal proceedings. It is possible that a court could find this type of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable, and if a court were to find this provision in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, which could have an adverse effect on our business and financial performance.

Our authorized and issued ordinary shares divide into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Holders of Class A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B ordinary shares are entitled to ten votes per share. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof, while Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Holders of Class B ordinary shares will have the ability to control matters requiring shareholders' approval, including any amendment of our memorandum and articles of association and approval over any change of control transactions. See the paragraph here below for more details. Any conversions of Class B ordinary shares into Class A ordinary shares may dilute the percentage ownership of the existing holders of Class A ordinary shares within their class of ordinary shares. Mr. Larry Lei Wu, our chairman of board of directors and chief executive officer, beneficially owns all of our Class B ordinary shares. As of December 31, 2025, these Class B ordinary shares constituted approximately 19.7% of our total issued and outstanding share capital and 71.1% of the aggregate voting power of our total issued and outstanding share capital due to the disparate voting powers associated with our dual-class share structure. As a result of the dual-class share structure and the concentration of ownership, holders of Class B ordinary shares have considerable influence over matters such as decisions regarding mergers and consolidations, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. Such holders may take actions that are not in the best interest of us or our other shareholders. This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could have the effect of depriving our other shareholders of the opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and may reduce the price of our Class A ordinary shares. In addition, Mr. Larry Lei Wu, together with certain of his affiliates, have undertaken to our company, among other things, that, for a period of five years after the closing of our initial public offering, without the prior written consent of our board of directors and at least a majority of the independent directors, he and his affiliates will not agree to, approve, support, vote (in favor of or against), or otherwise cause our company to agree to, enter into or consummate, a privatization transaction, as defined in the Founder Undertaking Agreement entered into among our founder, GigaCloud Technology Inc and other parties thereto dated July 6, 2022 , unless the consideration per Class A ordinary share payable to shareholders of the Class A ordinary shares in connection with such privatization transaction is at least equal to the price per Class A ordinary share initially offered to the public in our initial public offering (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any share dividend, share subdivision, consolidation or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Class A ordinary shares). This concentrated control will limit investors' ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions that holders of Class A ordinary shares may view as beneficial.

Certain shareholder advisory firms have announced changes to their eligibility criteria for inclusion of shares of public companies on certain indices, including the S&P 500, to exclude companies with multiple classes of shares and companies whose public shareholders hold no more than 5% of total voting power from being added to such indices. In addition, several shareholder advisory firms have announced their opposition to the use of multiple class structures. As a result, the dual-class structure of our ordinary shares may prevent the inclusion of our Class A ordinary shares in such indices and may cause shareholder advisory firms to publish negative commentary about our corporate governance practices or otherwise seek to cause us to change our capital structure. Any such exclusion from indices could result in a less active trading market for our Class A ordinary shares. Any actions or publications by shareholder advisory firms critical of our corporate governance practices or capital structure could also adversely affect the value of our Class A ordinary shares.

We are a "controlled company" as defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market Listing Rules because Mr. Larry Lei Wu, our chairman of board of directors and chief executive officer, holds more than 50% of our total voting power for the election of directors through Ji Xiang Hu Tong Holdings Limited, an entity controlled by Mr. Wu. For so long as we remain a "controlled company" under that definition, we are permitted to elect to rely, and may rely, on certain exemptions from corporate governance rules, including an exemption from the rule that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors or that we have to establish a nominating committee and a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors. In the event that we elect to rely on one or more of these exemptions, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.