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Risk Overview Q2, 2026
Risk Distribution
30% Finance & Corporate
20% Production
15% Tech & Innovation
13% Legal & Regulatory
11% Ability to Sell
10% Macro & Political
Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy
This chart displays the stock's most recent risk distribution according to category. TipRanks has identified 6 major categories: Finance & corporate, legal & regulatory, macro & political, production, tech & innovation, and ability to sell.
Risk Change Over Time
S&P500 Average
Sector Average
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Eve Holding Risk Factors
New Risk (0)
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No changes from previous report
The chart shows the number of risks a company has disclosed. You can compare this to the sector average or S&P 500 average.
The quarters shown in the chart are according to the calendar year (January to December). Businesses set their own financial calendar, known as a fiscal year. For example, Walmart ends their financial year at the end of January to accommodate the holiday season.
The quarters shown in the chart are according to the calendar year (January to December). Businesses set their own financial calendar, known as a fiscal year. For example, Walmart ends their financial year at the end of January to accommodate the holiday season.
Risk Highlights Q2, 2026
Main Risk Category
Finance & Corporate
With 24 Risks
Finance & Corporate
With 24 Risks
Number of Disclosed Risks
79
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 31
79
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 31
Recent Changes
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Since Jun 2026
0Risks added
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Number of Risk Changed
0
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 1
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No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 1
See the risk highlights of Eve Holding in the last period.
Risk Word Cloud
The most common phrases about risk factors from the most recent report. Larger texts indicate more widely used phrases.
Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 79
Finance & Corporate
Total Risks: 24/79 (30%)Below Sector Average
Share Price & Shareholder Rights14 | 17.7%
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully all of the risks described below, together with the other information contained in this Annual Report, including our financial statements and related notes, before making a decision to invest in our securities. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2
Future sales or resales or the perception of future sales or resales of common stock by us or our existing securityholders may cause the market price of our securities to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.The sale or resale of substantial amounts of shares of common stock or warrants in the public market, or the perception that such sales or resales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of common stock and warrants. These sales or resales, or the possibility that these sales or resales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. We believe the likelihood that warrant holders will exercise their warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we would receive is, among other things, dependent upon the market price of common stock. If the market price for shares of common stock is less than the exercise price of a holder's warrant, such holder may be less likely to exercise their warrants as they would be selling at a loss if they exercised their warrants and then sold their common stock. The issuance and exercise of the new warrants are also subject to the UAM Business milestones and lock-up periods described in our prospectus, dated January 18, 2023, filed on January 20, 2023, pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, relating to the Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-265337).
On December 21, 2021, December 24, 2021, March 9, 2022, March 16, 2022 and April 4, 2022, in connection with the business combination, Zanite entered into subscription agreements or amendments thereto (as amended from time to time, the "Subscription Agreements") with certain investors, including certain strategic investors and/or investors with existing relationships with ERJ (the "Strategic Investors"), Zanite Sponsor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the "Sponsor"), and EAH (collectively, the "PIPE Investors"), pursuant to which, and on the terms and subject to the conditions of which, Zanite agreed to issue and sell to the PIPE Investors in private placements to close immediately prior to the Closing, an aggregate of 35,730,000 shares of Class A common stock at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $357,300,000, which included the commitment of the Sponsor to purchase 2,500,000 shares of Class A common stock for a purchase price of $25,000,000 and the commitment of EAH to purchase 18,500,000 shares of Class A common stock for a purchase price of $185,000,000 (the "PIPE Investment"). The PIPE Investment was consummated substantially concurrently with the closing of the business combination. The Sponsor and EAH are contractually restricted from selling or transferring any of their shares of common stock (not including the shares of our common stock issued to the Sponsor and EAH in the PIPE Investment pursuant to the terms of the Subscription Agreements or purchased in the public market) (the "Lock-up Shares") for certain periods of time. Under the amended and restated registration rights agreement, dated as of May 9, 2022, by and among the Sponsor, Zanite, EAH and certain other parties thereto (the "Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement"), such lock-up restrictions applicable to the Lock-up Parties' (as defined in the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement) Lock-up Shares (as defined in the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement) begin at the closing of the business combination and end on the date that is three years after the closing of the business combination. Other PIPE Investors, however, are not restricted from selling any of their shares of common stock, other than by applicable securities laws. As such, sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur at any time. In addition, in July and September 2024, the Company closed on subscription agreements, warrant agreements and warrant exchange agreements with certain investors relating to the 2024 Private Placement for the issuance and sale of 23,900,000 newly issued shares of common stock for cash at a purchase price of $4.00 per share, for a total of $95.6 million in new equity financing, the exchange of certain Public Warrants and Market Warrants for shares of common stock, and the issuance of certain Penny Warrants to certain investors. Refer to Note 7 and Note 8 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our stock. As restrictions on resale end and registration statements are available for use, the sale or possibility of sale of these shares could have the effect of increasing the volatility in our share price. Additionally, the market price of our stock could decline if the holders of currently restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3
Delaware law and provisions in the Charter and Bylaws could make a takeover proposal more difficult.Our organizational documents are governed by Delaware law. Certain provisions of Delaware law and of the Charter and Bylaws could discourage, delay, defer or prevent a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or other change of control transaction that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by our stockholders. These provisions provide for, among other things:
- the ability of our board of directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock; - certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings; and - advance notice for nominations of directors by stockholders and for stockholders to include matters to be considered at our annual meetings.
These anti-takeover provisions as well as certain provisions of Delaware law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if the third party's offer may be considered beneficial by many of our stockholders. As a result, our stockholders may be limited in their ability to obtain a premium for their shares. If prospective takeovers are not consummated for any reason, we may experience negative reactions from the financial markets, including negative impacts on the price of our common stock. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for our stockholders to elect directors of their choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions that our stockholders desire. See "Description of Securities".
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4
There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain compliance with the listing standards of the NYSE.Our common stock and public warrants are listed on the NYSE. However, although we currently meet the minimum initial listing standards required by the NYSE, there can be no assurance that our securities will continue to be listed on the NYSE in the future. In order to continue listing our securities on the NYSE, we must maintain certain financial, distribution and share price levels, and a minimum number of holders of our securities.
If the NYSE delists any of our securities from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:
- a limited availability of market quotations for our securities; - reduced liquidity for our securities; - a determination that our common stock is a "penny stock," which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities; - a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and - decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.
The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as "covered securities." Because our common stock and public warrants are listed on the NYSE, they are covered securities under the statute. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. State securities regulators may use these powers, or threaten to use these powers, to hinder the sale of our securities in their states. Further, if in the future our securities are no longer listed on the NYSE, then such securities would not be covered securities and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5
The market price and trading volume of our securities may be volatile and could decline significantly.The stock markets, including the NYSE on which we list our securities, from time-to-time experience significant price and volume fluctuations. Even if an active, liquid and orderly trading market develops and is sustained for our securities, the market price of our securities may be volatile and could decline significantly. In addition, the trading volume in our securities may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market price of our securities declines significantly, you may be unable to resell your securities at an attractive price (or at all).
Factors affecting the trading price of our securities may include:
- the realization of any of the risk factors presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K; - actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial results or the financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us;- actual or anticipated differences in our estimates, or in the estimates of analysts, for our revenues, adjusted EBITDA, results of operations, level of indebtedness, liquidity or financial condition; - changes in the market's expectations about our operating results; - failure to comply with the requirements of NYSE; - failure to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or other laws or regulations; - the public's reaction to our press releases, its other public announcements and its filings with the SEC; - broad disruptions in the financial markets, including sudden disruptions in the credit markets; - speculation in the press or investment community; - success of competitors; - operating results failing to meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors in a particular period; - changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts concerning us or the industry in which we operate in general; - operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to us; - ability to market new and enhanced products and services on a timely basis; - changes in laws and regulations affecting our business; - changes in accounting principles, policies and guidelines; - changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of debt; - the volume of shares of our common stock available for public sale; - any major change in our board or management; - future issuances, sales, resales or repurchases or anticipated issuances, sales, resales or repurchases, of our securities; - sales of substantial amounts of our common stock by our directors, executive officers or significant stockholders or the perception that such sales could occur; and - general economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, fuel prices, international currency fluctuations; and - other events or factors, including those resulting from infectious diseases, health epidemics and pandemics, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism or responses to these events.
Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our securities irrespective of our operating performance. The stock market in general has experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. As a result of this volatility, you may not be able to sell your securities at or above the price at which they were acquired. A loss of investor confidence in the market for the stocks of other companies which investors perceive to be similar to us could depress our stock price regardless of our business, financial condition, and results of operations. A decline in the market price of our securities could also adversely affect our ability to issue additional securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6
We may amend the terms of the public warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders of public warrants with the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then-outstanding public warrants. As a result, the exercise price of your warrants could be increased, the exercise period could be shortened and the number of shares of our common stock purchasable upon exercise of a public warrant could be decreased, all without the approval of public warrant holders.Our public warrants have been issued in registered form under the Warrant Agreement. The Warrant Agreement provides that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but requires the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of public warrants.
Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the public warrants in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants approve of such amendment. Although our ability to amend the terms of the public warrants with the consent of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the warrants, convert the warrants into cash or stock (at a ratio different than initially provided), shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7
There can be no assurance that our public warrants, private placement or certain other warrants will be in the money at the time they become exercisable, and they may expire worthless.The exercise price for the outstanding public warrants and private placement warrants is $11.50 per share of common stock. In addition, the exercise price for certain new warrants is $15.00 per share of common stock. There can be no assurance that such warrants will be in the money following the time they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, and as such, the warrants may expire worthless.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 8
We may redeem unexpired public warrants and certain other warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you, thereby making your warrants worthless.We have the ability to redeem outstanding public warrants and certain other warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the closing price of the common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to proper notice of such redemption provided that on the date we give notice of redemption. We will not redeem the warrants unless an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is effective and a current prospectus relating to those shares of common stock is available throughout the 30-day redemption period, except if the warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis and such cashless exercise is exempt from registration under the Securities Act. If and when the warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. Redemption of the outstanding warrants could force you to ( i) exercise your warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so, (ii) sell your warrants at the then-current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your warrants or (iii) accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of your warrants. None of the private placement warrants will be redeemable by us for cash so long as they are held by their initial purchasers or their permitted transferees.
Historical trading closing prices for our shares of common stock have varied between a low of approximately $2.40 per share on August 14, 2024 and a high of $12.38 per share on September 21, 2022, but have not approached the $18.00 per share threshold for redemption (which, as described above, would be required for 20 trading days within a 30 trading-day period after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at which point the public warrants would become redeemable). In the event that the Company elects to redeem all of the redeemable warrants as described above, the Company will fix a date for the redemption. Notice of redemption will be mailed by first class mail, postage prepaid, by us not less than 30 days prior to the redemption date to the registered holders of the public warrants to be redeemed at their last addresses as they appear on the registration books. Any notice mailed in the manner provided in the applicable warrant agreement shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given whether or not the registered holder received such notice. In addition, beneficial owners of the redeemable warrants will be notified of such redemption by our posting of the redemption notice to Depository Trust Company.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 9
Warrants will become exercisable for the Company's common stock, which would increase the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and result in dilution to our stockholders.There are 12,478,852 outstanding public warrants to purchase 12,478,852 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, which warrants became exercisable on June 8, 2022. In addition, there are 9,974,555 private placement warrants outstanding exercisable for 9,974,555 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, which warrants became exercisable on June 8, 2022. Moreover, the Company has issued or has agreed to issue new warrants, that are or will be, as applicable, exercisable for (i) 18,022,536 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share ("Penny Warrants"), either without contingencies or contingent on the achievement of certain milestones and (ii) 12,000,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $15.00 per share without contingencies. To the extent such warrants are exercised, additional shares of common stock are issued, which will result in dilution to the holders of the Company's common stock and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market could adversely affect the market price of our common stock, the impact of which is increased as the value of our stock price increases.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 10
Our Certificate of Incorporation designates a state or federal court located within the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the United States as the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders' ability to choose the judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.Our Certificate of Incorporation ("Charter") provides that unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action, suit or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action, suit or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, other employee, agent or stockholder of the Company to the Company or to the Company's stockholders, (iii) any action, suit or proceeding asserting a claim against the Company or any current or former director, officer, other employee, agent or stockholder arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our Bylaws or our Charter (as either may be amended from time to time), (iv) any action, suit or proceeding as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware, or (v) any action, suit or proceeding asserting a claim against the Company or any current or former director, officer, other employee, agent or stockholder governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Our Charter further provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to these provisions. This exclusive forum provision may limit a stockholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. This exclusive forum provision will not apply to any causes of action arising under the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction. Further, the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies' charter documents has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable. For example, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware recently determined that a provision stating that U.S. federal district courts are the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act is not enforceable. However, this decision may be reviewed and ultimately overturned by the Delaware Supreme Court. If a court were to find either exclusive forum provision in our Charter to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, which could harm our results of operations.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 11
You may only be able to exercise your public warrants on a "cashless basis" under certain circumstances, and if you do so, you will receive fewer shares of common stock from such exercise than if you were to exercise such warrants for cash.The Warrant Agreement provides that in the following circumstances holders of warrants who seek to exercise their warrants will not be permitted to do so for cash and will, instead, be required to do so on a cashless basis in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act: (i) if the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants are not registered under the Securities Act in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement; (ii) if we have so elected and the shares of common stock is at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of "covered securities" under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act; and (iii) if we have so elected and we call the public warrants for redemption. If you exercise your public warrants on a cashless basis, you would pay the warrant exercise price by surrendering the warrants for that number of shares of common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of common stock underlying the warrants, multiplied by the excess of the "fair market value" of our shares of common stock (as defined in the next sentence) over the exercise price of the warrants by (y) the fair market value. The "fair market value" is the average reported closing price of the shares of common stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of exercise is received by the warrant agent or on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants, as applicable. As a result, you would receive fewer shares of common stock from such exercise than if you were to exercise such warrants for cash.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 12
Our Warrant Agreement designates the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by holders of our public or private placement warrants, which could limit the ability of public or private placement warrant holders to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with our company.Our Warrant Agreement dated as of November 16, 2020, by and between Zanite and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent (the "Warrant Agreement"), provides that, subject to applicable law, (i) any action, proceeding or claim against us arising out of or relating in any way to our Warrant Agreement, including under the Securities Act, will be brought and enforced in the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and (ii) that we irrevocably submit to such jurisdiction, which jurisdiction shall be the exclusive forum for any such action, proceeding or claim. We will waive any objection to such exclusive jurisdiction and that such courts represent an inconvenient forum.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, these provisions of our Warrant Agreement will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America are the sole and exclusive forum. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of our public or private placement warrants shall be deemed to have notice of, and to have consented to, the forum provisions in our Warrant Agreement.
If any action, the subject matter of which is within the scope of the forum provisions of our Warrant Agreement, is filed in a court other than a court of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (a "foreign action") in the name of any holder of our public or private placement warrants, such holder of our public or private placement warrants shall be deemed to have consented to (x) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located in the State of New York in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the forum provisions (an "enforcement action"), and (y) having service of process made upon such holder of our public or private placement warrants in any such enforcement action by service upon such holder's counsel in the foreign action as agent for such holder of our public or private placement warrants.
This choice-of-forum provision may limit the ability of a holder of our public or private placement warrants to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us, which may discourage such lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision of our Warrant Agreement inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and board of directors.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 13
EAH is a majority stockholder of the Company. The concentration of ownership may affect the market demand for Eve Holding shares.EAH holds a significant majority of the Company's shares of common stock. While EAH maintains such holding, and as a consequence of such holding, EAH will have substantial influence over the Company's business, including decisions regarding mergers, consolidations, the sale of all or substantially all of its assets, election of directors, declaration of dividends and other significant corporate actions. As the controlling stockholder, EAH may take actions that are not in the best interests of the Company's other stockholders. These actions may be taken in many cases even if they are opposed by the Company's other stockholders. In addition, this concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control which could deprive stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium to the trading price for the shares as part of a sale of the Company.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 14
If securities or industry analysts either do not publish research about us, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about us, our business, or our market, or, if such analysts change their recommendations regarding our common stock adversely, the trading price or trading volume of our common stock could decline.The trading market for our common stock is influenced in part by the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us, our business, our market, or our competitors. If one or more of the analysts initiate research with an unfavorable rating or downgrade our common stock, provide more favorable recommendations about our competitors, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our common stock price would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the trading price or trading volume of our common stock to decline.
Accounting & Financial Operations2 | 2.5%
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 1
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 2
We are an early-stage company with a history of losses, and we expect to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability.We have incurred significant losses since inception. We incurred net losses of $224.3 million, $138.2 million, and $127.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. We have not yet started commercial operations, and it is difficult for us to predict our future operating results. We believe that we will continue to incur operating and net losses each quarter until at least the time we begin deliveries of our eVTOL aircraft, which are not expected to begin until 2027 and may occur ‘ or not at all. Even if we are able to successfully develop and sell our aircraft, there can be no assurance that they will be financially successful. Our potential profitability is dependent upon the successful development and successful commercial introduction and acceptance of our aircraft, which may not occur. As a result, our losses may be larger than anticipated, and we may not achieve profitability when expected, or at all, and even if we do, we may not be able to maintain or increase profitability.
We expect our operating expenses to increase over the next several years as we:
- continue to design, develop, manufacture and move towards marketing our aircraft; - expand our production capabilities through ERJ, including costs associated with outsourcing the manufacturing of our aircraft; - build up inventories of parts and components for our aircraft; - manufacture an inventory of our aircraft; - expand our design, development and servicing capabilities; - develop commercial and strategic partnerships for fleet operations for a fleet of our eVTOL and/or third parties; - continue to develop our air traffic management system; - hire more employees; - continue research and development efforts relating to new products and technologies; - increase our sales and marketing activities and develop our distribution infrastructure; and - increase our general and administrative functions to support our growing operations and to operate as a public company.
Because we will incur the costs and expenses from these efforts before we receive any revenue with respect thereto, our losses in future periods will be significant. In addition, these efforts may be costlier than we expect and may not result in any revenue or growth in our business. Any failure to generate revenue sufficiently to keep pace with our investments and other expenses could prevent us from achieving or maintaining profitability or positive cash flow. Furthermore, if our future growth and operating performance fail to meet investor or analyst expectations, or if we have future negative cash flow or losses resulting from our investment in acquiring customers or expanding our operations, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Debt & Financing3 | 3.8%
Debt & Financing - Risk 1
Our available capital resources may not be sufficient to meet the requirements of our business plan, and we may need to raise additional capital.Debt & Financing - Risk 2
The only principal asset of the Company is its interest in Eve and accordingly, it depends on distributions from Eve to pay taxes and expenses.We are a holding company with no material assets other than our interests in Eve. We are not expected to have independent means of generating revenue or cash flow, and our ability to pay taxes and operating expenses, as well as dividends in the future, if any, will be dependent upon the financial results and cash flows of Eve. There can be no assurance that Eve will generate sufficient cash flow to distribute funds to us, or that applicable law and contractual restrictions, including negative covenants under any debt instruments, if applicable, will permit such distributions. If Eve does not distribute sufficient funds to us to pay our taxes or other liabilities, we may default on contractual obligations or have to borrow additional funds. In the event that we are required to borrow funds, it could adversely affect our liquidity and subject it to additional restrictions imposed by lenders.
Debt & Financing - Risk 3
Any further downgrading of Brazil's credit rating could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and debt instruments.Given the current significance of our Brazil operations to our results of operations as a whole, we may be harmed by investors' perceptions of risks related to Brazil's sovereign debt credit rating. Rating agencies regularly evaluate Brazil and its sovereign credit ratings, which are based on a number of factors including macroeconomic trends, fiscal and budgetary conditions, indebtedness metrics and the perspective of changes in any of these factors.
The rating agencies began to review Brazil's sovereign credit rating in September 2015. Subsequently, the three major rating agencies have changed Brazil's investment-grade status overtime. As of December 31, 2025, Brazil's sovereign credit ratings were BB (Standard & Poor's), Ba1 (Moody's) and BB (Fitch). These ratings are below investment grade, and any further downgrading in Brazil's sovereign credit ratings or our rating may increase the perception of risk of investors and, as a result, increase the future cost of debt issuances, adversely affecting us. Additionally, a downgrade of the sovereign credit rating of Brazil may affect our own credit rating, hindering our ability to secure loans at competitive rates compared to our competitors, which may impact our ability to grow our business and consequently, affect the price of our common shares.
Corporate Activity and Growth5 | 6.3%
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 1
Our ability to operate our business effectively depends in large part on certain administrative and other support functions provided to us by ERJ pursuant to the Services Agreements. Following the expiration or termination of the Services Agreements, our ability to operate our business effectively may suffer if it is unable to cost-effectively establish its own administrative and other support functions in order to operate as a stand-alone company.Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 2
We are subject to risks associated with strategic alliances or acquisitions and may not be able to identify adequate strategic relationship opportunities, or form strategic relationships, in the future.We have entered into strategic alliances and may in the future enter into additional strategic alliances, joint ventures or minority equity investments, in each case with various third parties for the production of our aircraft, development of an Urban Air Traffic Management solution, development of agnostic fleet operations and provision of aftermarket services. We may collaborate with other strategic parties with capabilities in the areas of data and analytics, industrial design and manufacture, user experience and engineering. These alliances subject us to a number of risks, including risks associated with sharing proprietary information, non-performance by the third-party and increased expenses in establishing new strategic alliances, any of which may adversely affect our business. We may have limited ability to monitor or control the actions of these third parties and, to the extent any of these strategic third parties suffer negative publicity or harm to their reputation from events relating to their business, we may also suffer negative publicity or harm to our reputation by virtue of our association with any such third party.
Strategic business relationships will be an important factor in the growth and success of our business. However, there are no assurances that we will be able to continue to identify or secure suitable business relationship opportunities in the future or our competitors may capitalize on such opportunities before we do. Moreover, identifying such opportunities could require substantial management time and resources, and negotiating and financing relationships involves significant costs and uncertainties. If we are unable to successfully source and execute on strategic relationship opportunities in the future, our overall growth could be impaired, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
When appropriate opportunities arise, we may acquire additional assets, products, technologies or businesses that are complementary to our existing business. In addition to possible stockholder approval, we may need approvals and licenses from relevant government authorities for the acquisitions and to comply with any applicable laws and regulations, which could result in increased delay and costs, and may disrupt our business strategy if we fail to do so. Furthermore, acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new assets and businesses into our own require significant attention from our management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our operations. Acquired assets or businesses may not generate the financial results we expect. Acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the occurrence of significant goodwill impairment charges, amortization expenses for other intangible assets and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business. Moreover, the costs of identifying and consummating acquisitions may be significant.
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 3
We may be unable to manage our future growth effectively, which could make it difficult to execute our business strategy.If our operations grow as planned, for which there can be no assurance, we will need to expand our sales, marketing, operations, and the number of partners with whom we do business. Our continued growth could increase the strain on our resources, and we could experience operating difficulties, including difficulties in hiring, training and managing an increasing number of employees. These difficulties may result in the erosion of our brand image, divert the attention of management and key employees and impact financial and operational results. The continued expansion of our business may also require additional space for administrative support. If we are unable to drive commensurate growth, these costs, which include lease commitments, marketing costs and headcount, could result in decreased margins, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 4
Although we have a defined strategy for the manufacturing of our aircraft following type certification, we are exposed to a number of risks and uncertainties outside our control.We have entered into supply agreements with, and expect to rely on ERJ to provide certain services, products, parts and components required to manufacture our aircraft to sell to final customers, and we also may be subject to sole source suppliers for certain parts and other components for which we may be reliant on to achieve our projected high- volume production numbers. This supply chain may expose us to multiple potential sources of delivery failure or component shortages for our aircraft. While we believe that we may be able to establish alternate supply relationships and can obtain replacement components, we may be unable to do so in the short term or at prices that are favorable to us, or at all.
If any of our suppliers or service partners were to experience delays, disruptions, capacity constraints or quality control problems in their manufacturing operations, or if they choose to not do business with us, we would have significant difficulty in procuring, producing and delivering our aircraft, and our business prospects would be significantly harmed. These disruptions in our supply chains may cause delays in our production process for both prototype and commercial aircraft which would negatively impact our revenues, competitive position and reputation. Outside the markets where the manufacturing takes place, we will rely on third parties to transport and reassemble the aircraft close to customer operations. In addition, our suppliers or service partners may rely on certain state tax incentives that may be subject to change or elimination in the future, which could result in additional costs and delays in production if a manufacturing site must be obtained. Further, if we are unable to successfully manage our relationship with our suppliers or service partners, the quality and availability of our aircraft may be harmed. Our suppliers or service partners could, under some circumstances, decline to accept new purchase orders from or otherwise reduce their business with us. If our suppliers or service partners stop or reduce manufacturing our aircraft components for any reason, we may be unable to replace the lost manufacturing capacity on a timely and comparatively cost-effective basis, which would adversely impact its operations.
The manufacturing facilities of our suppliers or service partners and the equipment used to manufacture our aircraft would be costly and could require substantial lead time to replace and qualify for use. The manufacturing facilities of our suppliers or service partners may be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or human-made disasters, including earthquakes, flooding, fire and power outages, or by health epidemics, which may render it difficult or impossible for us to manufacture our aircraft for some period of time. The inability to manufacture our aircraft, our aircraft components or the backlog that could develop if the manufacturing facilities of our suppliers or service partners are inoperable for even a short period of time may result in the loss of customers or harm our reputation.
We do not control ERJ or our other suppliers or service partners or such parties' labor and other legal compliance practices, including their environmental, health and safety practices. If ERJ or our other current suppliers or service partners, or any other suppliers or service partners which we may use in the future, violates U.S. or foreign laws or regulations, we may be subjected to extra duties, significant monetary penalties, adverse publicity, the seizure and forfeiture of products that we are attempting to import or the loss of our import privileges. The effects of these factors could render the conduct of our business in a particular country undesirable or impractical and have a negative impact business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Furthermore, if we experience significant increased demand, or need to replace our existing suppliers, there can be no assurance that additional supplies of aircraft manufacturing or other services or products, parts or other components will be available when required on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, or that any supplier would allocate sufficient supplies to us in order to meet our requirements or fill our orders in a timely manner. These disruptions in our supply chain could lead to delays in aircraft development and production, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 5
If our relations with our strategic partners were to deteriorate or terminate, our business could be adversely affected or these parties may act in a manner adverse to us.If our relations with our strategic partners were to deteriorate or terminate, the other party may act in a manner adverse to us and could limit our ability to implement our strategies. Our collaborators or strategic partners may develop, either alone or with others, products in related fields that are competitive with our products. Specifically, conflicts with ERJ may adversely impact our ability to develop and certify the eVTOL, while conflicts with Atech may adversely impact our ability to successfully provide UAM services. While ERJ has agreed in the BCA not to compete with the Company with respect to certain actions related to the UAM market following the business combination, such non-compete only applies for three years from the Closing Date with respect to activities in the European Union and five years from the Closing Date with respect to activities elsewhere in the world, and ERJ may still pursue certain investment opportunities related to the UAM Business under the terms of the BCA. Such conflicts with our strategic partners may result in adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Production
Total Risks: 16/79 (20%)Above Sector Average
Manufacturing8 | 10.1%
Manufacturing - Risk 1
Our aircraft may require maintenance at frequencies or at costs which are unexpected and could adversely impact our business and operations.Manufacturing - Risk 2
Our aircraft utilization may be lower than expected and our aircraft may be limited in its performance during certain weather conditions.Our aircraft may not be able to fly safely in poor weather conditions, including snowstorms, thunderstorms, lightning, hail, known icing conditions and/or fog. Our inability to operate in these conditions will reduce our aircraft utilization and cause delays and disruptions in our services. We intend to maintain a high daily aircraft utilization rate which is the amount of time our aircraft spend in the air carrying passengers. High daily aircraft utilization is achieved in part by reducing turnaround times at vertiports so we can fly more hours on average in a day. Aircraft utilization is reduced by delays and cancellations from various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including adverse weather conditions, security requirements, air traffic congestion and unscheduled maintenance events. The success of our business is dependent, in part, on the utilization rate of our aircraft and reductions in utilization will adversely impact our financial performance as well as cause passenger dissatisfaction.
Manufacturing - Risk 3
We are subject to many hazards and operational risks that can disrupt our business, including interruptions or disruptions in service at our facilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our operations are subject to many hazards and operational risks inherent to our business, including general business risks, product liability and damage to third parties, our infrastructure or properties that may be caused by fires, floods and other natural disasters, power losses, telecommunications failures, terrorist attacks (including hijacking, use of the aircraft as a weapon, or use of the aircraft to disperse a chemical or biological agent), catastrophic loss due to security related incidents, human errors and similar events. Additionally, our manufacturing operations are hazardous at times and may expose us to safety risks, including environmental risks and health and safety hazards to our employees or third parties.
Financial Risks
Manufacturing - Risk 4
Neither we nor ERJ have manufactured or delivered any eVTOL aircraft to customers, which makes evaluating our business and future prospects difficult and increases the risk of investment.The UAM Business was launched by ERJ in 2017 and ERJ has a limited operating history in the urban air mobility industry, which is continuously evolving. Our eVTOL aircraft is in the early development stage and, we have no experience in high volume manufacturing of the planned eVTOL aircraft. We cannot assure you that we or our partners will be able to develop efficient, automated, cost-efficient manufacturing capability and processes, and reliable sources of component supplies that will enable us to meet the quality, price, engineering, design and production standards, as well as the production volumes required to successfully mass market our aircraft. You should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and significant challenges we face as a new entrant into the UAM industry, including, among other things, with respect to our ability to:
- design and produce safe, reliable and quality eVTOL aircraft on an ongoing basis; - obtain the necessary regulatory approvals in a timely manner, including receipt of governmental authority for manufacturing the equipment and, in turn, marketing, selling and operating our UAM services; - develop a UATM solution; - build a well-recognized and respected brand; - establish and expand our customer base and strategic partners; - successfully market not just our eVTOL aircraft but also the other services we intend to provide, such as maintenance, materials, technical support and training services; - successfully service our eVTOL aircraft after sales and maintain a good flow of spare parts and customer goodwill; - improve and maintain our operational efficiency; - successfully execute our manufacturing and production model and maintain a reliable, secure, high- performance and scalable technology infrastructure; - predict our future revenues and appropriately budget for our expenses; - attract, retain and motivate talented employees; - anticipate trends that may emerge and affect our business; - anticipate and adapt to changing market conditions, including technological developments and changes in competitive landscape; and - navigate an evolving and complex regulatory environment.
If we fail to adequately address any or all of these risks and challenges, our business may be harmed.
Manufacturing - Risk 5
Our eVTOL aircraft may not perform at the level we expect, and may have potential defects, such as higher than expected noise profile, lower payload than initially estimated, shorter range, higher unit cost, higher cost of operation, perceived discomfort during transition phase of flight and/or shorter useful lives than we anticipate.Our eVTOL aircraft may contain defects in design and manufacture that may cause them not to perform as expected or that may require repair. For example, our eVTOL aircraft may have a higher noise profile than we expect, carry a lower payload or have a shorter maximum range than we estimate. Our eVTOL aircraft also uses a substantial amount of software code to operate. Software products are inherently complex and often contain defects and errors when first introduced. The ability of our eVTOL aircraft to perform as expected depends on the development of certain components, such as batteries, the technology of which is either currently under development or existing technology never before used in an eVTOL aircraft and, therefore, not yet proven in operation.
While we have performed initial tests with flying vehicles and components in test rigs, in some instances we are still relying on projections and models to validate the projected performance of our aircraft. To date, we have been unable to validate the performance of our eVTOL aircraft over the expected lifetime of the aircraft. There can be no assurance that we will be able to detect and fix any defects in the eVTOL aircraft prior to their use in our service. For example, a flight in an eVTOL aircraft will be unlike anything passengers have experienced before, and due to the aircraft characteristics (including a comparatively light weight, multiple rotors, vertical takeoff, and transition to forward flight) and operation characteristics (flying at low altitudes close to buildings, likely to frequently encounter turbulence), passengers may be susceptible to motion sickness during the transitioning phases.
We expect to introduce new and additional features and capabilities to the aircraft and our service over time. For example, while our vehicles will begin its operation with a pilot onboard, we project that they will evolve to become uncrewed vehicles over time. If successful, this would reduce the cost of operation related to hiring the crew, although part of the cost reduction will be offset by the need to introduce additional equipment and sensors needed for autonomous flights. As with other areas of the vehicle, we expect to improve the autonomous capabilities of our aircraft through testing and simulations throughout the vehicle development process, since this technology and capability is currently not available for vehicles of this nature. However, we may be unable to develop or certify these upgrades in a timely manner, or at all, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Manufacturing - Risk 6
We may not be able to produce eVTOL aircraft in the volumes and on the timelines projected.There are significant challenges associated with mass producing aircraft in the volumes that we are projecting. The aerospace industry has traditionally been characterized by significant barriers to entry, including large capital requirements, investment costs of designing and manufacturing aircraft, long lead times to bring aircraft to market from the concept and design stage, the need for specialized design and development expertise, extensive regulatory requirements, establishing a brand name and image and the need to establish maintenance and service locations. As a manufacturer of electric aircraft, we face a variety of added challenges to entry that a traditional aircraft manufacturer would not encounter including additional costs of developing and producing an electric powertrain, regulations associated with the transport of lithium-ion batteries and unproven high-volume customer demand for a fully electric aerial mobility service. Additionally, we are relying on ERJ to support the development and ramp-up of production lines capable of achieving volumes for which there is limited precedent within the traditional aerospace industry. The ability to reach and sustain high vehicle production rates also depends on the supply of components and systems reliably at the required throughput levels, and such components are not manufactured on a large scale at this moment. Additionally, there may be competition between markets for related products that may affect the ability of suppliers to provide equipment. These products include, for example, batteries, which are in high demand by the automotive industry. In addition, since our eVTOL aircraft cannot be delivered via long-distance flights, it is pivotal that we have the ability, in factory, to disassemble aircraft produced in areas that are not close to customer operations immediately after unit production. Tests, transportation and assembly close to customer operations need to follow high standards of safety and efficiency in order to deliver the products to different geographic regions. If we are not able to overcome these barriers, our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition will be negatively impacted and our ability to grow our business will be harmed.
Our business will initially rely on a single aircraft type. Our dependence on our aircraft makes us particularly vulnerable to any design defects or mechanical problems associated with our aircraft or its component parts. Any product defects or any other failure of our aircraft to perform as expected could harm our reputation and result in adverse publicity, delays in or inability to obtain certification, lost revenue, delivery delays, product recalls, product liability claims, harm to our brand and reputation, and significant warranty and other expenses, and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.
We are relying on the ERJ entities to manufacture and assemble our eVTOL conforming prototypes, and certification devices that will be used for certification purposes, pursuant to our MSA with ERJ and Atech. The initial terms of the MSAs with Atech and ERJ are 15 years each. If ERJ or Atech terminates or fails to renew or to comply with the terms of the respective MSAs, we may not be able to engage other manufacturers and suppliers in a timely manner, at an acceptable price or in the necessary quantities.
In addition, our eVTOL will be subject to regulation in Brazil, the U.S., the European Union and in each jurisdiction where our customers are located. ANAC, as well as Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA) in other countries in which our potential customers are located, most notably the FAA and the EASA, must certify or validate the design (Type Certificate) of our eVTOL before we can start delivering it to any customers. As a result, we will also need to do extensive testing to ensure that the aircraft is in compliance with applicable local civil aviation regulations (e.g., ANAC, FAA, EASA), safety regulations and other relevant regulations prior to entry into service. In addition to certification of the aircraft (Type Certificate), we will be required to obtain approval from the ANAC, or from local Civil Aviation Authorities where the manufacturing facilities will be located to produce the aircraft according to the approved type design. Our plan involves manufacturing the vehicle in Brazil (under ANAC's regulations) and, according to the evolution of market demand, other production facilities shall be implemented, which may be located in other countries outside Brazil, such as the U.S. or Europe. Production approval involves local authority manufacturing approval and extensive ongoing oversight of mass-produced aircraft. If we are unable to obtain production approval for the aircraft, or the ANAC, the FAA, the EASA or local Civil Aviation Authority imposes unanticipated restrictions as a condition of approval, our projected costs of production could increase substantially and we may not realize the anticipated benefits.
The timing of our production ramp is dependent upon finalizing certain aspects of the design, engineering, component procurement, testing, build out, and manufacturing plans in a timely manner and upon our ability to execute these plans within the current timeline. It is also dependent on being able to timely obtain Production Certification from the respective local Civil Aviation Authority.
Manufacturing - Risk 7
Crashes, accidents or incidents of eVTOL aircraft or involving UATM solutions, or lithium batteries involving us or our competitors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.Test flying prototype aircraft is inherently risky, and crashes, accidents or incidents involving our aircraft are possible. Any such occurrence would negatively impact our development, testing and certification efforts, and could result in re-design, certification delay and/or postponements or delays to our commercial service launch.
The operation of aircraft is subject to various risks, and we expect demand for our eVTOL aircraft and our UAM services to be impacted by accidents or other safety issues regardless of whether such accidents or issues involve our aircraft. Such accidents or incidents could also have a material impact on our ability to obtain ANAC, FAA and EASA certifications for our aircraft, or to obtain such certifications in a timely manner. Such events could impact confidence in a particular aircraft type or the air transportation services industry as a whole, particularly if such accidents or disasters were due to a safety fault. We believe that the regulators and the general public are still forming their opinions about the safety and utility of aircraft that are highly reliant on lithium ion batteries, and/or advanced flight control software capabilities. An accident or incident involving either our aircraft or a competitor's aircraft during these early stages of opinion formation could have a disproportionate impact on the longer-term view of the emerging UAM market.
We are at risk of adverse publicity stemming from any public incident involving our company, our controlling stockholder, our people, our brand or other companies in our industry. Such an incident could involve the actual or alleged behavior of any of our employees or third-party contractors, including ERJ and its other subsidiaries, or the employees or contractors of our competitors. Further, if our personnel, our aircraft, or other types of aircraft, including ERJ's aircraft and the aircraft of our competitors, are involved in a public incident, accident, catastrophe or regulatory enforcement action, we could be exposed to significant reputational harm and potential legal liability. The insurance we carry may be inapplicable or inadequate to cover any such incident, accident, catastrophe or action. In the event that our insurance is inapplicable or inadequate, we may be forced to bear substantial losses from an incident or accident. In addition, any such incident, accident, catastrophe or action involving our employees, our aircraft, the aircraft of our competitors or other types of aircraft could create an adverse public perception, which could harm our reputation, result in passengers being reluctant to use our services, and adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Manufacturing - Risk 8
Unsatisfactory safety performance of our aircraft could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.While we are building operational processes designed to ensure that the design, testing, manufacture, performance, operation and servicing of our aircraft meet rigorous quality standards, there can be no assurance that we will not experience operational or process failures and other problems, including through flight test accidents or incidents, manufacturing or design defects, pilot error, cyber-attacks or other intentional acts, that could result in potential safety risks. Any actual or perceived safety issues may result in significant reputational harm to our businesses, in addition to tort liability, maintenance, increased safety infrastructure and other costs that may arise. Such issues could result in delaying or cancelling planned flights, increased regulation or other systemic consequences. Our inability to meet our safety standards or adverse publicity affecting our reputation as a result of accidents, mechanical or operational failures, or other safety incidents could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our aircraft may be grounded by regulatory authorities due to safety concerns that could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Employment / Personnel4 | 5.1%
Employment / Personnel - Risk 1
Our business may be adversely affected by union activities.Employment / Personnel - Risk 2
We may not have enough qualified employees.Periodically, there is strong competition in the aerospace sector for qualified employees, especially engineers. Whenever this demand occurs, we may not be able to recruit and retain the necessary number of engineers and other qualified employees. If we are unable to timely coordinate our resources or attract and retain qualified employees, our development efforts could slow down and cause aircraft production and delivery delays, which may adversely affect us.
Employment / Personnel - Risk 3
There is a shortage of pilots and mechanics which could increase our operating costs and reduce our ability to deploy our service at scale.There is a shortage of pilots that is expected to exacerbate over time as more pilots in the industry approach mandatory retirement age. Similarly, trained and qualified aircraft mechanics are also in short supply. This will affect the aviation industry, including UAM services and more specifically, our business. Our business is dependent on our operating partners' ability to recruit and retain pilots qualified to operate our aircraft and mechanics qualified to perform the requisite maintenance activities, either or both of which may be difficult due to the corresponding personnel shortages. If our partners who will operate our fleet of eVTOLs are unable to hire, train, and retain qualified pilots and qualified mechanics, our business could be harmed, and we may be unable to implement our growth plans.
This risk would be exacerbated if certifying authorities alter prevailing operating assumptions to require two pilots per aircraft. This would increase operating expenses of eVTOLs, possibly reducing addressable market, while also potentially delaying (or even cancelling) our ambitions for autonomous flights.
Employment / Personnel - Risk 4
We are dependent on our senior management team and other highly skilled personnel, and if we are not successful in attracting, engaging and retaining highly qualified personnel, we may not be able to successfully implement our business strategy.From time to time, there is significant competition within the aviation industry for skilled personnel in general and engineers in particular. To the extent this competition re-emerges, we may be unable to recruit, and retain the necessary number of highly skilled engineers and other personnel we require. Failure to coordinate our resources in a timely manner or to attract and retain skilled personnel could slow down our development efforts and cause delays in production and deliveries of our products and services, which would adversely affect us.
Our success depends, in significant part, on the continued services of our senior management team and on our ability to attract, motivate, develop and retain a sufficient number of other highly skilled personnel. The loss of any one or more members of our senior management team, for any reason, including resignation or retirement, could impair our ability to execute our business strategy and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected if we are unable to attract and retain skilled employees to support our operations and growth.
Supply Chain3 | 3.8%
Supply Chain - Risk 1
Eve may have been able to obtain better terms from unaffiliated third parties than the terms it received pursuant to the Services Agreements with ERJ.Supply Chain - Risk 2
We currently rely and expect to continue to rely on ERJ to provide services, products, parts and components required to develop and certify our aircraft and to supply critical services, components and systems necessary for our operations, which exposes us to a number of risks and uncertainties outside our control.While we will have our own engineering capabilities, we will be substantially reliant on ERJ, our controlling stockholder, to provide us with development, certification and other services and supply our conforming prototypes, at least initially, pursuant to the MSAs. Additionally, Eve relies or will rely on its suppliers and service providers for the parts and components in our aircraft. We or ERJ are also, in some cases, subject to sole source suppliers for certain parts and other components for which we rely on, or may be reliant on, to achieve our projected type certification. While we believe that we may be able to establish alternate supply relationships and can obtain replacement components, we may be unable to do so in the short term at prices that are favorable to us or at all. These disruptions in our supply chain could lead to delays in aircraft development, type certification and production, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Supply Chain - Risk 3
We may be unable to secure third parties to provide aerial ridesharing services and to make the necessary changes to, and operate, vertiports using our aircrafts, or otherwise make the services sufficiently convenient to drive customer adoption.Our business will heavily depend on third-party operators to develop and launch aerial ride sharing services and to make the necessary changes to vertiport infrastructure, including installation of necessary charging equipment, to enable adoption of our eVTOL aircraft. While we expect to be able to develop strategic partnerships with third-party fleet and vertiport operators to provide a comprehensive UAM passenger service, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so effectively, at prices that are favorable to us, or at all. While we do not intend to own or operate vertiports or aerial ride sharing services, our business will rely on such services. Our business and our brand will be affiliated with these third-party ground operators. We may experience harm to our reputation if our third-party ground operators suffer from poor service, negative publicity, accidents, or safety incidents. The foregoing risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Costs1 | 1.3%
Costs - Risk 1
We may not be able to secure adequate insurance policies, or secure insurance policies at reasonable prices.Tech & Innovation
Total Risks: 12/79 (15%)Above Sector Average
Innovation / R&D5 | 6.3%
Innovation / R&D - Risk 1
The failure of certain advances in technology such as autonomy or battery density to mature at the rates we project may impact our ability to increase the volume of our service and/or drive down end-user pricing at the rates we project.Innovation / R&D - Risk 2
We may be unable to make certain advances in technology, such as uncrewed flying technologies, or such technologies may not mature or be commercially available at the rates projected, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our projections rely in part on future advancement of technology, such as autonomous flying technologies. Should these technologies fail to develop, mature or be commercially available within the periods that we project, we may underperform our financial projections, which would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Innovation / R&D - Risk 3
We may in the future invest significant resources in developing new offerings and exploring the application of our proprietary technologies for other uses and those opportunities may never materialize.While our primary focus is on the design, manufacture and operation of our eVTOL aircraft and related UAM services, we may invest significant resources in developing new technologies, services, products and offerings. However, we may not realize the expected benefits of these investments. Relatedly, if such technologies become viable offerings in the future, we may be subject to competition from our competitors within the aviation industry or other industries, some of which may have substantially greater monetary and knowledge resources than we have and expect to have in the future to devote to the development of these technologies. Such competition or any limitations on our ability to take advantage of such technologies could impact our market share, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Such research and development initiatives may also have a high degree of risk and involve unproven business strategies and technologies with which we have limited operating or development experience. They may involve claims and liabilities, expenses, regulatory challenges and other risks that we may not be able to anticipate. There can be no assurance that consumer demand for such initiatives will exist or be sustained at the levels that we anticipate, or that any of these initiatives will gain sufficient traction or market acceptance to generate sufficient revenue to offset any new expenses or liabilities associated with these new investments. Further, any such research and development efforts could distract management from current operations and would divert capital and other resources from our more established technologies. Even if we were to be successful in developing new products, services, offerings or technologies, regulatory authorities may subject us to new rules or restrictions in response to our innovations that may increase our expenses or prevent us from successfully commercializing new products, services, offerings or technologies.
Innovation / R&D - Risk 4
The eVTOL aircraft industry may not continue to develop, eVTOL aircraft may not be adopted by the market or our independent third-party aircraft operators, eVTOL aircraft may not be certified by transportation authorities or eVTOL aircraft may not deliver the expected reduction in operating costs, any of which could adversely affect our prospects, business, financial condition, and results of operations.eVTOL aircraft involve a complex set of technologies, which we must continue to further develop and rely on our independent third-party aircraft operators to adopt. However, before eVTOL aircraft can fly passengers, we must receive requisite approvals from federal transportation authorities. No eVTOL aircraft are currently certified by the FAA for commercial operations in the United States, by ANAC for commercial operations in Brazil or by the EASA for commercial operations in the European Union, and there is no assurance that our research and development will result in government-certified aircraft that are market-viable or commercially successful in a timely manner or at all. To gain government certification, the performance, reliability and safety of eVTOL aircraft must be proven, none of which can be assured. Even if eVTOL aircraft are certified, individual operators must conform eVTOL aircraft to their licenses, which requires FAA approval in the U.S., ANAC approval in Brazil and EASA approval in the European Union, and individual pilots also must be licensed and approved by the FAA, ANAC and EASA to fly eVTOL aircraft in the U.S., Brazil and Europe, respectively, which could contribute to delays in any widespread use of eVTOL aircraft and potentially limit the number of eVTOL aircraft operators available to partner with us.
Additional challenges to the adoption of eVTOL aircraft, all of which are outside of our control, include:
- market acceptance of eVTOL aircraft; - state, federal or municipal licensing requirements and other regulatory measures; - third-party operators to develop and launch aerial ride sharing services; - urban air traffic management system availability; - necessary changes to vertiport infrastructure to enable adoption, including installation of necessary charging equipment; - potential increased scrutiny following recent high-profile accidents involving non-eVTOL aircraft; and - public perception regarding the noise and safety of eVTOL aircraft.
There are several existing laws, regulations and standards that may apply to eVTOL aircraft, including standards that were not originally intended to apply to electric aircraft. Regulatory changes that address eVTOL aircraft more specifically could delay our ability to receive type certification by transportation authorities and thus delay our independent third-party aircraft operators' ability to utilize eVTOL aircraft for their flights. In addition, there can be no assurance that the market will accept eVTOL aircraft, that we will be able to execute on our business strategy, or that our offerings utilizing eVTOL aircraft will obtain the necessary government operating authority or be successful in the market. There may be heightened public skepticism to this nascent technology and its adopters. There could be negative public perception surrounding eVTOL aircraft or non-eVTOL aircraft, including the overall safety and the potential for injuries or death occurring as a result of accidents involving eVTOL aircraft, regardless of whether any such safety incidents occur involving us. Any of the foregoing risks and challenges could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Innovation / R&D - Risk 5
We may not be able to launch our eVTOL and related services on the timeline projected.We will need to address significant regulatory, political, operational, logistical, and other challenges in order to launch our eVTOLs. We do not currently have infrastructure in place to operate the service and such infrastructure may not be available or may be occupied on an exclusive basis by competitors. We also have not yet received certifications from the FAA, the ANAC, the EASA or other certifications of our aircraft or other required airspace or operational authority and government approvals, which are essential for aircraft production and operation. In addition, our pre-certification operations may increase the likelihood of discovering issues with our aircraft, which could result in delays to the certification of our aircraft. Any delay in the financing, design, manufacture, testing, certification, and launch of our aircraft could materially damage our brand, business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. Aircraft manufacturers often experience delays in the design, manufacture, testing, certification, and commercial release of new aircraft. These delays may result in additional costs and adverse publicity for our business. If we are not able to overcome these challenges, our business, financial condition and result of operations will be negatively impacted and our ability to grow our business will be harmed.
Trade Secrets3 | 3.8%
Trade Secrets - Risk 1
Intellectual property violations may adversely affect us.Trade Secrets - Risk 2
We may be unable to protect our intellectual property rights from unauthorized use by third parties.Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property rights could result in our competitors offering similar products or services, potentially resulting in the loss of some of our competitive advantage and a decrease in our revenue, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary intellectual property rights, including certain technologies deployed in our aircraft or that we utilize in arranging air transportation. To date, we have relied primarily on patents and trade secrets (including know-how), employee and third-party non-disclosure agreements, copyrights, trademarks, intellectual property licenses and other contractual rights to establish and protect our proprietary technology. Our software may also be subject to certain protection under copyright law, though we have chosen not to register any of our copyrights in our software. We routinely enter into non-disclosure agreements with our employees, consultants, volunteers in usability tests or collaborative sessions, third parties and other relevant persons and take other measures to protect our intellectual property rights, such as limiting access to our trade secrets and other confidential information. We intend to continue to rely on these and other means, including patent protection, in the future. The protection of our intellectual property rights will be important to our future business opportunities. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property from unauthorized use by others may not be effective for various reasons, including the following:
- as noted below, any patent applications we submit may not result in the issuance of patents (and some utility patents have not yet been issued to us based on our pending applications); - the scope of our utility patents that may subsequently be issued may not be broad enough to protect our proprietary rights; - any of our patents that have been issued or may be issued may be challenged or invalidated by third parties; - our employees, volunteers or business partners may breach their confidentiality, non-disclosure and non-use obligations to us; - third parties may independently develop technologies that are the same or similar to ours; - unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our intellectual property or obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary; - intellectual property, trade secrets or other proprietary or competitively sensitive information may be improperly obtained through a cyber-attack or other breach of our systems or our vendor's systems; - our non-disclosure agreements do not prevent our competitors from independently developing technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to ours, and there can be no assurance that our competitors or third parties will comply with the terms of these agreements, or that we will be able to successfully enforce such agreements or obtain sufficient remedies if they are breached; - the costs associated with enforcing patents, confidentiality and invention agreements or other intellectual property rights may make enforcement impracticable; and - current and future competitors may challenge or circumvent or otherwise design around our patents.
Further, obtaining and maintaining patent, copyright, and trademark protection can be costly, and we may choose not to, or may fail to, pursue or maintain such forms of protection for our technology in the United States, Brazil or other foreign jurisdictions, which could harm our ability to maintain our competitive advantage in such jurisdictions. It is also possible that we will fail to identify patentable aspects of our technology before it is too late to obtain patent protection, that we will be unable to devote the resources to file and prosecute all patent applications for such technology, or that we will inadvertently lose protection for failing to comply with all procedural, documentary, payment, and similar obligations during the patent prosecution process. The laws of some countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights in some foreign countries may be inadequate to prevent other parties from infringing our proprietary technology. To the extent we expand our international activities, our exposure to unauthorized use of our technologies and proprietary information may increase. We may also fail to detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property, or be required to expand significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights, including engaging in litigation, which may be costly, time-consuming, and divert the attention of management and resources, and may not ultimately be successful.
Also, while we have registered and applied for trademarks in an effort to protect our investment in our brand and goodwill with customers, competitors may challenge the validity of those trademarks and other brand names in which we have invested. Such challenges can be expensive and may adversely affect our ability to maintain the goodwill gained in connection with a particular trademark. If we fail to meaningfully establish, maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Trade Secrets - Risk 3
We may need to defend ourselves against intellectual property infringement claims or misappropriation claims, which may be time-consuming and expensive and, if adversely determined, could limit our ability to commercialize our aircraft.Companies, organizations or individuals, including our competitors, may own or obtain patents, trademarks or other proprietary rights that could prevent or limit our ability to make, use, develop or deploy our aircraft and UAM services, which could make it more difficult for us to operate our business. We may receive inquiries from patent, copyright or trademark owners inquiring whether we infringe upon their proprietary rights. We may also be the subject of more formal allegations that we have misappropriated such parties' trade secrets or other proprietary rights.
Companies owning patents or other intellectual property rights relating to battery packs, electric motors, aircraft configurations, fly-by-wire flight control software or electronic power management systems may allege infringement or misappropriation of such rights. In response to a determination that we have infringed upon or misappropriated a third-party's intellectual property rights, we may be required to do one or more of the following:
- cease development, sales or use of its products that incorporate the asserted intellectual property; - pay substantial damages; - obtain a license from the owner of the asserted intellectual property right, which license may not be available on reasonable terms or available at all; or - re-design one or more aspects or systems of our aircraft or other offerings.
A successful claim of infringement or misappropriation against us could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and demand on management resources.
Cyber Security3 | 3.8%
Cyber Security - Risk 1
If we or our third-party service providers experience a security breach, or if unauthorized parties otherwise obtain access to our customers' data, our reputation may be harmed, demand for services may be reduced, and we may incur significant liabilities.Cyber Security - Risk 2
Failure to adequately protect against risks relating to Cybersecurity could materially and adversely affect us.As an indirect subsidiary of ERJ, the Company falls within Embraer's IT ecosystem and has adopted their processes and mechanisms for the assessment, identification and management of risks arising from cybersecurity threats. Eve, like all business organizations, is subject to a broad range of cyber threats, with varying levels of sophistication. The techniques and tools used in cyber threats can evolve rapidly and include new technologies, such as advanced automation and artificial intelligence. These cyber threats can jeopardize the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our systems and data, including our business partners' confidential, classified or personal data.
We maintain extensive technical security controls, policy enforcement mechanisms, monitoring systems and management oversight to address these threats. While these measures are designed to prevent, detect and respond to unauthorized activity in our systems, certain types of threats, including cyber-attacks, could materially and adversely affect our business and reputation. A successful cyberattack may result in the unavailability of our services, leak or compromise of the integrity of information and could give rise to the loss of significant amounts of client data, other sensitive information and loss of funds as well as damage to our reputation, directly affecting our clients and business partners.
Furthermore, some of our business partners and suppliers have access to some limited confidential and strategic information regarding our projects and engineering data. As many of these suppliers face similar security threats, any attacks on their systems may result in unauthorized access to our systems or data.
Cyber Security - Risk 3
We are subject to cybersecurity risks to our operational systems, security systems, infrastructure, integrated software in our aircraft and customer data processed by us or our third-party vendors.We are at risk for interruptions, outages and breaches of our: (a) operational systems, including business, financial, accounting, product development, data processing or production processes, owned by us or our third- party vendors or suppliers; (b) facility security systems, owned by us or our third-party vendors or suppliers; (c) aircraft technology including powertrain and avionics and flight control software, owned by us or our third- party vendors or suppliers; (d) integrated software in our aircraft; or (e) customer data that we process or our third-party vendors or suppliers process on our behalf. Such incidents could: disrupt our operational systems; result in loss of intellectual property, trade secrets or other proprietary or competitively sensitive information; result in a loss of competitive advantage over others in our industry; compromise certain information of customers, employees, suppliers, or others; jeopardize the security of our facilities; or affect the performance of in-product technology and the integrated software in our aircraft.
We plan to include avionics and flight control software services and functionality that utilize data connectivity to monitor aircraft performance and to enhance safety and enable cost-saving preventative maintenance. The availability and effectiveness of our services depend on the continued operation of information technology and communications systems. Our systems will be vulnerable to damage or interruption from, among others, physical theft, fire, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, power loss, war, telecommunications failures, viruses, denial or degradation of service attacks, ransomware, social engineering schemes, insider theft or misuse or other attempts to harm our systems. We intend to use our avionics and flight control software and functionality to log information about each aircraft's use in order to aid us in aircraft diagnostics and servicing. Our customers may object to the use of this data, which may increase our vehicle maintenance costs and harm our business prospects.
Our aircraft contains complex information technology systems and built-in data connectivity to share aircraft data with ground operations infrastructure. We plan to design, implement and test security measures intended to prevent unauthorized access to our information technology networks, our aircraft and related systems. However, hackers may attempt to gain unauthorized access to modify, alter and use such networks, aircraft and systems to gain control of or to change our aircraft's functionality, performance characteristics, or to gain access to data stored in or generated by the aircraft. A significant breach of our third-party service providers' or vendors' or our own network security and systems could have serious negative consequences for our business and future prospects , including possible fines, penalties and damages, reduced customer demand for our aircraft or urban aerial ride sharing services and harm to our reputation and brand.
Moreover, there are inherent risks associated with developing, improving, expanding and updating our current systems, such as the disruption of our data management, procurement, production execution, finance, supply chain and sales and service processes. These risks may affect our ability to manage our data and inventory, procure parts or supplies or manufacture, deploy, deliver and service our aircraft, adequately protect our intellectual property or achieve and maintain compliance with, or realize available benefits under, applicable laws, regulations and contracts. We cannot be sure that these systems upon which we rely, including those of our third-party vendors or suppliers, will be effectively implemented, maintained or expanded as planned. If we do not successfully implement, maintain or expand these systems as planned, our operations may be disrupted and our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results could be impaired. Moreover, our proprietary information or intellectual property could be compromised or misappropriated, and our reputation may be adversely affected. If these systems do not operate as we expect them to, we may be required to expend significant resources to make corrections or find alternative sources for performing these functions.
Technology1 | 1.3%
Technology - Risk 1
Our UATM solution may underperform if it has a defect, or it is not delivered on the projected timeline.Legal & Regulatory
Total Risks: 10/79 (13%)Below Sector Average
Regulation6 | 7.6%
Regulation - Risk 1
The regulatory environment for third-party service and technology providers (which UATM could be labeled as) may not be specific enough to support our UATM solution or may delay its adoption.Regulation - Risk 2
If current airspace regulations are not modified to increase air traffic capacity, our business could be subject to considerable capacity limitationsA failure to increase air traffic capacity at and in the airspace serving key markets, including around major airports, in the United States or overseas, could create capacity limitations for our future operations and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Weaknesses in airspace and air traffic control system worldwide, including the National Airspace System and the Air Traffic Control ("ATC") system, such as outdated procedures and technologies, could result in capacity constraints during peak travel periods or adverse weather conditions in certain markets, resulting in delays and disruptions to our service. While our aircraft is designed to operate in the National Airspace System under existing rules, our business at scale will likely require airspace allocation for UAM operations. Our inability to obtain sufficient access to the National Airspace System could increase our costs and reduce the attractiveness of our service.
Regulation - Risk 3
We may be unable to obtain relevant regulatory approvals for the commercialization of our aircraft, including Type Certification, Production Certification, and Operating Certification approvals for permitting new infrastructure or accessing existing infrastructure or otherwise.The commercialization of new aircraft requires certain regulatory authorizations and certifications, including Type Certification issued by the FAA under the special class validation process. While we anticipate being able to meet the requirements of any required authorizations and certificates, we may be unable to obtain such authorizations and certifications on our anticipated timeline, if at all. Should we fail to obtain any of the required authorizations or certificates in a timely manner, or if any such required authorizations or certificates are modified, suspended or revoked after we obtain them, we may be unable to launch our eVTOL and related services on our anticipated timeline, if at all, which would have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Regulation - Risk 4
Changes in government regulation, including as a result of executive orders, imposing additional requirements and restrictions on our operations could increase our operating costs and result in service delays and disruptions.Aerospace manufacturers are subject to extensive regulatory and legal requirements that involve significant compliance costs. The ANAC, FAA, EASA and other regulators may issue regulations relating to the operation of eVTOL aircraft that could require significant expenditures. Implementation of the requirements created by such regulations may result in increased costs for our customers and us and may delay the launch of our eVTOL and related services on our anticipated timeline, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Additional laws, regulations, taxes and airport rates and charges have been proposed from time to time that could significantly increase the cost of UAM operations or reduce the demand for air travel. If adopted, these measures could have the effect of raising fares and reducing demand. We cannot assure you that these and other laws or regulations enacted in the future will not harm our business.
Regulation - Risk 5
The Company is subject to stringent U.S. export and import control laws and regulations. Unfavorable changes in these laws and regulations or U.S. government licensing policies, our failure to secure timely U.S. government authorizations under these laws and regulations, or our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.Our business is subject to stringent U.S. import and export control laws and regulations as well as economic sanctions laws and regulations. We are required to import and export our products, software, technology and services, as well as run our operations in the United States, in full compliance with such laws and regulations, which may include the EAR, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations ("ITAR"), and economic sanctions administered by the Department of State and the Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). Similar laws that impact our business exist in other jurisdictions. These foreign trade controls prohibit, restrict, or regulate our ability to, directly or indirectly, export, deemed export, re-export, deemed re-export or transfer certain hardware, technical data, technology, software, or services to certain countries, territories, entities, individuals and end users. If we are found to be in violation of these laws and regulations, it could result in civil and criminal, monetary and non-monetary penalties, the loss of export or import privileges, debarment and reputational harm. While none of our current technologies require us to maintain a registration under ITAR, we may become subject to ITAR in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Pursuant to these international trade control laws and regulations, we are required, among other things, to (i) determine the proper licensing jurisdiction and export classification of products, software, and technology, and (ii) obtain licenses or other forms of U.S. government authorization to engage in the conduct of our business. The authorization requirements may include the need to get permission to release controlled technology to certain foreign person employees and other foreign persons. The authorization requirements further include the need to ensure compliance with trade controls as they apply to the cross-border release of products, software, and technology among our personnel located in the U.S. and abroad. Changes in U.S. foreign trade control laws and regulations, or reclassifications of our products or technologies, may restrict our operations.
In addition, trade disputes, sanctions or the imposition of new or increased tariffs, and uncertainties related to the enforceability thereof and the ability to obtain refunds for previously paid tariffs that have subsequently been invalidated, or other changes to trade policies could adversely impact our business. On July 1, 2025, the U.S. Secretary of Commerce initiated a Section 232 investigation to determine the effects on national security of imports of unmanned aircraft systems and their parts and components. The scope of this investigation is potentially broad and may result in the imposition of tariffs or import restrictions, or may remove barriers on the imports of competitor products and materials. We are continuing to monitor and evaluate the potential impact on our business of this Section 232 investigation.
The inability to secure and maintain necessary licenses and other authorizations could negatively impact our ability to compete successfully or to operate our business as planned. Any changes in the export control regulations or U.S. government licensing policy, such as those necessary to implement U.S. government commitments to multilateral control regimes, may restrict our operations. Given the great discretion the government has in issuing or denying such authorizations to advance U.S. national security and foreign policy interests, there can be no assurance we will be successful in our future efforts to secure and maintain necessary licenses, registrations, or other U.S. government regulatory approvals.
Regulation - Risk 6
We will be subject to rapidly changing and increasingly stringent laws, regulations, industry standards, and other obligations relating to privacy, data protection, and data security. The restrictions and costs imposed by these requirements, or our actual or perceived failure to comply with them, could harm our business.We are subject to or are affected by a number of federal, state and local laws and regulations, as well as contractual obligations and industry standards, that impose certain obligations and restrictions with respect to data privacy and security, and govern our collection, storage, retention, protection, use, processing, transmission, sharing and disclosure of personal information including that of our employees, customers and others. Most jurisdictions have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals, regulatory authorities and others of security breaches involving certain types of data. Such laws may be inconsistent or may change or additional laws may be adopted. In addition, our agreements with certain customers may require us to notify them in the event of a security breach. Such mandatory disclosures are costly, could lead to negative publicity, result in penalties or fines, result in litigation, may cause our customers to lose confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures and require us to expend significant capital and other resources to respond to and/or alleviate problems caused by the actual or perceived security breach.
The global data protection landscape is rapidly evolving, and implementation standards and enforcement practices are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Privacy, data protection and consumer protection laws may change or develop over time through judicial decisions or as new guidance or interpretations are provided by regulatory and governing bodies and such changes or developments may be contrary to our existing practices. In addition, we may not be able to monitor and react to all developments in a timely manner. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, which took effect on January 1, 2020, gives California residents expanded rights related to their personal information, including the right to access and delete their personal information, and receive detailed information about how their personal information is used and shared. Other laws relating to privacy, data protection, and data security have been passed or been proposed in other states and at the federal level, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States. Compliance with any applicable privacy and data security laws and regulations is a rigorous and time- intensive process, and we may be required to put in place additional mechanisms to comply with such laws and regulations. In addition, the enactment of such laws could impose conflicting requirements that would make compliance challenging.
Despite our efforts, we may not be successful in complying with the rapidly evolving privacy, data protection, and data security requirements discussed above. Any actual or perceived non-compliance with such requirements could result in litigation and proceedings against us by governmental entities, passengers, or others, fines, civil or criminal penalties, limited ability or inability to operate our business, offer services, or market our platform in certain jurisdictions, negative publicity and harm to our brand and reputation. We could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to address any such actual or perceived non-compliance which may not be covered or fully covered by our insurance. Such actual or perceived non-compliance could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Macroeconomic
Litigation & Legal Liabilities2 | 2.5%
Litigation & Legal Liabilities - Risk 1
Claims for indemnification by our directors and officers may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third-party claims against us and may reduce the amount of money available to us.Litigation & Legal Liabilities - Risk 2
We may be subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert management attention.The market price of our common stock may be volatile and, in the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert management's attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm its business.
Taxation & Government Incentives2 | 2.5%
Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 1
In certain cases, payments under the TRA may exceed the actual tax benefits the Company realizes or be accelerated.Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 2
Pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement (the "TRA"), the Company will in certain circumstances be required to pay to EAH 75% of the net income tax savings that the Company realizes as a result of increases in tax basis in the assets of the Company or certain of its subsidiaries resulting from the Pre-Closing Restructuring and tax benefits related to entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA, for periods when the Company is not a member of EAH's U.S. federal consolidated group, and those payments may be substantial.The Pre-Closing Restructuring resulted in increases in the Company's tax basis of its tangible and intangible assets. These increases in tax basis may increase (for income tax purposes) depreciation and amortization deductions and therefore reduce the amount of income or franchise tax that the Company would otherwise be required to pay in the future had such tax basis increase never occurred.
In connection with the business combination, the Company and EAH entered into the TRA, which generally provides for the payment by the Company of 75% of certain net tax benefits, if any, that the Company realizes (or in certain cases is deemed to realize) as a result of these increases in tax basis and tax benefits related to entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA. The timing of any payments under the TRA will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the amount and timing of the recognition of the Company's income. Moreover, the timing of any payments under the TRA is uncertain because the Company is a member of a consolidated, combined, affiliated or other group filing a joint return for U.S. federal or state income tax purposes of which EAH or an affiliate of EAH is the common parent (the "EAH Consolidated Group"). As a result, the income, operations, and any depreciation and amortization deductions of the Company will generally be reflected on the joint return of EAH as parent of the EAH Consolidated Group, rather than on a separate tax return of the Company. During the period during which the Company is a member of the EAH Consolidated Group, the sharing of tax benefits between EAH and the Company will be governed by the Tax Sharing Agreement (the "TSA") entered into by the Company and EAH at the closing of the business combination, rather than the TRA. In general, pursuant to the TSA, for periods in which the Company has taxable income that contributes to and increases the overall tax liability of the EAH Consolidated Group, the TSA requires the Company to make payments to EAH equal to the tax liability the Company would be required to pay if it had not been a member of the EAH Consolidated Group but had filed a separate return. For periods in which the Company's inclusion in the EAH Consolidated Group decreases the tax liability of the EAH Consolidated Group, tax benefits generated by the Company that are realized by EAH will be recorded in an off-book register and will apply to offset future payments, if any, due from the Company to EAH under the TSA. When the Company is no longer a member of the EAH Consolidated Group, any tax benefits generated by the Company that have not been applied to offset payments under the TSA at the time the Company ceases to be a member of the EAH Consolidated Group will offset any amounts payable by the Company to EAH under the TRA. For purposes of determining the amount of payments required to be made by the Company pursuant to the foregoing, and for determining the extent to which tax benefits generated by the Company that are realized by the EAH Consolidated Group may offset future payments under the TSA or the TRA, the TSA will generally disregard 75% of the tax benefit arising from the tax basis in the assets of the company created in the Pre-Closing Restructuring, consistent with the agreed sharing percentages for such tax savings under the TRA. Payments the Company will make under the TRA may be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition.
Any payments made by the Company under the TRA will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to the Company. To the extent that the Company is unable to make timely payments under the TRA for any reason, the unpaid amounts will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid; however, nonpayment for a specified period and/or under certain circumstances may constitute a material breach of a material obligation under the TRA and therefore accelerate payments due under the TRA, as further described below. Furthermore, the Company's future obligation to make payments under the TRA could make it a less attractive target for an acquisition, particularly in the case of an acquirer that cannot use some or all of the tax benefits that may be deemed realized under the TRA.
Ability to Sell
Total Risks: 9/79 (11%)Above Sector Average
Competition1 | 1.3%
Competition - Risk 1
Our competitors may commercialize their technology before we do, either in general or in specific markets.Demand4 | 5.1%
Demand - Risk 1
The market for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) has not been established with precision, is still emerging and may not achieve the growth potential we expect, or may grow more slowly than expected.Demand - Risk 2
There may be reluctance by consumers to adopt this new form of mobility, or unwillingness to pay our projected prices.Our growth is highly dependent upon the adoption by consumers of an entirely new form of mobility offered by eVTOL aircraft and the UAM market. If consumers do not adopt this new form of mobility or are not willing to pay the prices shared for aerial ridesharing services, our business may never materialize and our prospects, financial condition and operating results will be harmed. This market is new, rapidly evolving, and characterized by rapidly changing technologies, price competition, additional competitors, evolving government regulation and industry standards, new aircraft announcements and changing consumer demands and behaviors.
Our success in each market will depend on the local infrastructure and regulations, on our partners' ability to develop a network of passengers and accurately assess and predict passenger demand and price sensitivity. Demand and price sensitivity may fluctuate based on a variety of factors, including macroeconomic factors, quality of service, negative publicity, safety incidents, corporate reporting related to safety, quality of customer support, perceived political or geopolitical affiliations, or dissatisfaction with our brand, products, and offerings in general. If our commercial partners fail to attract passengers or fail to accurately predict demand and price sensitivity, it will harm our financial performance and our competitors' products may achieve greater market adoption and may grow at a faster rate than our business.
We expect that a large driver of passenger demand for aerial ridesharing services will be time savings when compared with alternative modes of transportation. Should we or our commercial partners be unable to deliver a sufficient level of time savings for our eVTOL passengers or if expected time savings are impacted by delays or cancellations, it could reduce demand for aerial ridesharing services. If we or our commercial partners are unable to generate demand or demand falls, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Demand - Risk 3
There may be rejection of eVTOL operations in certain localities due to a perceived risk of safety or burden on local communities from eVTOL operations.We are developing eVTOL to a level of safety that is higher than that of a light aircraft, a level that is perceived by us and the regulators to be adequate for the safe operation of eVTOLs in urban centers. However, the safety record of the fleet will also depend on factors external to the vehicle and the understanding of which is currently being constructed, such as the integration of eVTOL fleets with other aircraft operating in the same urban airspace. If the prediction of important characteristics of the system, such as route placement, vehicle separation and communication protocols, is not accurate, or if these considerations are not properly taken into account, the safety level of the fleet operation may be negatively affected.
The approval of local authorities of the operation of the eVTOLs will be influenced by the public opinion about the burden imposed on that community by the vehicle operations. Local populations, being potential users of the eVTOL service or not, may perceive the external noise of the vehicles, visual pollution and changes in the neighborhood provoked by vertiport operations to be unreasonable with respect to the benefits brought by the vehicles in terms of traffic congestion reduction and decrease in travel times. If that is the case, the demand for the vehicles and its operations may be negatively affected.
Demand - Risk 4
Our prospects and operations may be adversely affected by changes in consumer preferences, discretionary spending and other economic conditions that affect demand for UAM services.Our business will be primarily concentrated on commercializing our eVTOL aircraft, and providing a suite of services including maintenance, technical support and training to our and third parties' eVTOL aircrafts, which we expect may be vulnerable to changes in consumer preferences, discretionary spending and other market changes impacting discretionary purchases. The global economy has in the past, and will in the future, experience recessionary periods and periods of economic instability. During such periods, eVTOL passengers may choose not to make discretionary purchases or may reduce overall spending on discretionary purchases. Such changes could result in reduced consumer demand for air transportation, including UAM services, or could shift demand from our UAM services to other methods of air or ground transportation for which we do not offer a competing service. If we are unable to generate demand or there is a future shift in consumer spending away from UAM services, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Aircraft and Production
Sales & Marketing2 | 2.5%
Sales & Marketing - Risk 1
While we have converted the first firm order in 2025, most of our agreements with our customers are non-binding and constitute all of the current orders for our aircraft. If we do not enter into definitive agreements with our customers, or the conditions to our customers' orders (if any) are not met, or if such orders (if any) are cancelled, modified or delayed, our prospects, results of operations, liquidity and cash flow will be harmed.Sales & Marketing - Risk 2
Any decrease in Brazilian government-sponsored customer financing, or increases in government-sponsored financing that benefits our competitors, may decrease the competitiveness of our aircraft.Traditionally, aircraft original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), have received support from governments through governmental export credit agencies, or ECAs, in order to offer competitive financing conditions to their customers, especially in periods of credit tightening from the traditional lending market.
Government support may constitute unofficial subsidies causing market distortions, which may rise to disputes among governments at the World Trade Organization, or WTO. Since 2007, an agreement known as the Aircraft Sector Understanding, or ASU, developed by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, or OECD, has provided guidelines for the predictable, consistent and transparent use of government-supported export financing for the sale or lease of civil aircraft, in order to establish a "level-playing field." ECAs from signatory countries are required to offer terms and conditions no more favorable than those contained in the ASU's base financial agreement when financing sales of aircraft that compete with those produced by the OEMs of their respective countries. The effect of the agreement is to encourage aircraft purchasers to focus on the price and quality of aircraft products offered by OEMs rather than on the financial packages offered by their respective governments.
The Brazilian ECA, BNDES, together with the Brazilian National Treasury Export Guarantee Fund, offer financing and export credit insurance to our customers under terms and conditions required by the ASU. On January 23, 2023, Eve Brazil entered into a loan agreement with BNDES, pursuant to which BNDES agreed, subject to the conditions set forth therein, to grant two lines of credit to Eve Brazil, with an aggregate amount of R$490 million (approximately $94.7 million), to support the first phase development of the Company's eVTOL project. In addition, on October 10, 2024, the Company entered into a financing agreement, dated as of October 7, 2024, with BNDES, pursuant to which BNDES agreed to grant four lines of credit totaling approximately $90.5 million as of December 31, 2025, and on November 22, 2024, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BNDES for R$200 million (approximately $36.3 million), to support the second phase of the development of the Company's eVTOL project. On November 18, 2025, EVE entered into a financing agreement with Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social – BNDES, Brazil's National Development Bank, pursuant to which BNDES has agreed to grant two lines of credit to Eve Brazil. The credit is intended to support the electric motor development phase of eVTOLs. The Financing Agreement provides that the availability of such lines of credit is subject to BNDES's rules and regulations and the compliance of certain conditions, including the delivery by Eve Brazil of guarantee letters issued by financial institutions approved by BNDES. The first line of credit, in the amount of R$160 million (approximately U.S.$29.0 million) is to be provided from the resources of the National Fund on Climate Change, within the scope of the Climate Fund Program. The second line of credit, in the amount of R$40 million (approximately U.S.$7.3 million), is to be provided with funds raised by the BNDES System in foreign currency. Such credit lines shall be used by Eve Brazil within 18 months from the date of signing of the Financing Agreement. The principal of debt arising from each Sub-credit of this Financing Agreement shall be paid to BNDES in 26 semiannual and successive installments starting in May 2028 and ending in November 2040. The Financing Agreement can be early terminated, and payment of any outstanding amount can be accelerated, by BNDES in certain events provided for in the Financing Agreement. As of December 31, 2025, there was approximately $149 million available to be drawn under the Company's debt arrangements and grants.
In addition, on August 14, 2025, Eve announced that it has entered into subscription agreements with BNDESPAR, a subsidiary of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES), Embraer and other institutional investors to issue and sell, in a capital raise via a registered direct offering, a total of 47,422,680 shares of common stock at $4.85 per share. It included the subscription of Brazilian Depositary Receipts (BDRs) by BNDES, each of which represents one share of common stock at R$26.21 per BDR (equivalent value based on the PTAX rate on August 12, 2025), for total gross proceeds of $230 million, before deducting placement agent commissions and estimated offering expenses. The BDRs have been approved for listing on the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange (B3) under the symbol "EVEB31" and was delivered to BNDES in Brazil. Eve will utilize the gross proceeds from BDRs to pay for services performed in Brazil, and intends to use the remaining net proceeds from the Registered Direct Offering for general corporate purposes, including financing operations, possible business acquisitions or strategic investments, and repayment of outstanding indebtedness.
Any future reduction or restriction to the Brazilian export financing program, and any increase in our customers' financing costs for participation in this program, above those provided in the ASU's base financial agreement, may cause the cost-competitiveness of our aircraft to decline. Other external factors may also impact our competitiveness in the market, including, but not limited to, aircraft OEMs from countries which are not signatories to the ASU agreement offering attractive financing packages, or any new government subsidies supporting any of our major competitors.
Brand / Reputation2 | 2.5%
Brand / Reputation - Risk 1
If we or ERJ experience harm to our or its reputation and brand, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.Brand / Reputation - Risk 2
Our customers' perception of us and our reputation may be impacted by the broader industry and customers may not differentiate our aircraft and services from our competitors.Customers and other stakeholders may not differentiate between us and the broader aviation industry or, more specifically, the UAM service industry. If our competitors or other participants in this market have issues in a wide range of areas, including safety, technology development, engagement with aircraft certification bodies or other regulators, engagement with communities, target demographics or other positioning in the market, security, data privacy, flight delays, or bad customer service, such problems could impact the public perception of the entire industry, including our business. We may fail to adequately differentiate our brand, our services and our aircraft from others in the market which could impact our ability to attract passengers or engage with other key stakeholders. The failure to differentiate ourselves and the impact of poor public perception of the industry could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Macro & Political
Total Risks: 8/79 (10%)Below Sector Average
Economy & Political Environment4 | 5.1%
Economy & Political Environment - Risk 1
Inflation and government efforts to combat inflation may adversely affect the Brazilian economy and lead to heightened volatility in the Brazilian capital markets and, consequently, may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Economy & Political Environment - Risk 2
Political instability, including as a result of ongoing corruption investigations, may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Brazil's political environment has historically influenced, and continues to influence, the performance of the country's economy. Political crises have affected, and continue to affect, the confidence of investors and that of the public in general, resulting in economic downturn and heightened volatility of securities issued by Brazilian companies, like ERJ.
Brazilian markets have experienced heightened volatility due to uncertainties derived from ongoing investigations into money laundering and corruption conducted by the Brazilian Federal Police and the Federal Prosecutor's Office, and the impact of these investigations on the Brazilian economy and political environment.
The ultimate outcome of these investigations is uncertain, but they had an adverse impact on the image and reputation of the implicated companies, and on the general market perception of the Brazilian economy. We cannot predict the effects of further political developments on the Brazilian economy, including the policies that the Brazilian government may adopt or the outcome and development of any of these investigations, which has affected and may continue to adversely affect the Brazilian economy and may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The Brazilian Supreme Court has annulled the criminal convictions against then-former Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, and subsequently reinstated his political rights, which enabled him to run for presidency in the October 2022 election. Mr. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was victorious in the election and took office as President on January 1, 2023.
There can be no assurance that other political events will not cause further instability in the Brazilian economy, in capital markets and in the trading price of securities issued by us. We cannot guarantee that, as these events unfold, they will not have additional adverse impacts on the economic and political situation in Brazil.
The recent economic instability in Brazil has contributed to a decline in market confidence as well as a deterioration in the political environment. The current administration promised during the electoral campaign to be committed to a strong anticorruption agenda and a liberal economic view. However, due to the fragmented legislation and different views within the administration, there are uncertainties in the market regarding the future of these two branches of the government, which can lead to increases in volatility and risks to the economy.
A failure by the Brazilian government to implement necessary economic and structural reforms may result in diminished confidence in the Brazilian government's budgetary condition and fiscal standing, which could result in a downgrade of Brazil's sovereign foreign credit rating by credit rating agencies, negatively impact Brazil's economy, and lead to further depreciation of the currency and an increase in inflation and interest rates, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Economy & Political Environment - Risk 3
Brazilian political and economic conditions have a direct impact on our business, and such conditions could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.The Brazilian federal government has frequently intervened in the Brazilian economy and occasionally has made significant changes to policy and regulations, including its monetary, fiscal, credit and tariff policies and rules. The Brazilian government's actions to control inflation and other policies and regulations have often involved, among other measures, increases or decreases in interest rates, changes in tax policies, wage and price controls, blocking access to bank accounts, foreign exchange rate controls, currency exchange and remittance controls, devaluations, capital controls and import and export restrictions. We have no control over and cannot predict what measures or policies the Brazilian government may take in the future and how these could impact us and our business. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by changes in policy and regulations at the federal, state or municipal level involving factors such as:
- expansion or contraction of the Brazilian economy, as measured by gross domestic product, or GDP, rates;- interest rates;- exchange rates;- currency fluctuations;- monetary policies;- inflation;- liquidity of capital and lending markets;- import and export controls;- exchange control and restrictions on remittances abroad;- modifications to laws and regulations according to political, social and economic interests;- economic, political and social instability, including general strikes and mass demonstrations;- the regulatory framework governing the aeronautical sector;- commodity prices;- public health, including as a result of epidemics and pandemics;- fiscal policies and changes in tax laws (including Brazilian tax reform enacted in December 2023);- labor and social security regulations;- energy and water shortages and rationing; and - other political, diplomatic, social and economic developments in or affecting Brazil.
Uncertainty over whether the Brazilian government would implement changes in policy, regulation or legislation affecting the above mentioned factors and others creates instability in the Brazilian economy, increasing the volatility of the Brazilian market. These uncertainties and other future developments in the Brazilian economy may adversely affect our activities, and consequently our operating results. We cannot predict which policies the Brazilian government will adopt or whether these newly adopted policies or changes in current policies may have an adverse effect on us or the Brazilian economy. These factors are compounded as Brazil emerges from a prolonged recession after a period of a slow recovery.
Our results of operations and financial condition have been, and will continue to be, affected by the growth rate of the Brazilian GDP. Developments in the Brazilian economy may affect Brazil's growth rates and, consequently, the use of our products and services.
Further, Brazil's political environment has historically influenced, and continues to influence, the performance of the country's economy. The recent economic instability in Brazil has contributed to a decline in market confidence in the Brazilian economy as well as to a deteriorating political environment.
As has been true in the past, the current political and economic environment in Brazil has affected and is continuing to affect the confidence of investors and the general public , which has historically resulted in economic deceleration and heightened volatility in the securities offered by companies with significant operations in Brazil, which may adversely affect the price of our common stock.
Economy & Political Environment - Risk 4
Infrastructure and workforce deficiency in Brazil may impact economic growth and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our performance is affected by general economic conditions, including in Brazil. Brazilian GDP growth has fluctuated over the past few years, and is limited by shortcomings in infrastructure, including potential energy shortages and deficient transportation, logistics and telecommunication sectors, the labor force and the amount of private and public investments in these areas. These factors could lead to labor market volatility and could adversely impact consumer income, purchasing power and consumption levels in Brazil, each of which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
International Operations1 | 1.3%
International Operations - Risk 1
Developments and the perception of risk in Brazil and other countries, especially other emerging markets, may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Natural and Human Disruptions2 | 2.5%
Natural and Human Disruptions - Risk 1
We are subject to risks associated with climate change, including the potential increased impacts of severe weather events on our operations and infrastructure.Natural and Human Disruptions - Risk 2
Urban Air Traffic Management (UATM) may not be able to provide adequate situational awareness and equitable airspace access to eVTOLs or may not allow industrial scalability.Urban Air Traffic Management (UATM) is a system that will enable UAM scalability and will mature over time to support market requirements. The UATM systems will provide traffic management services to the UAM ecosystem, including vehicles, fleet operators, vertiports, pilots, fleet managers, network operating centers and air navigation service providers, with the objective of improving the efficiency and safety of UAM operations. The UATM systems are therefore perceived as an enabler to allow the safe scalability of the industry as the quantity of eVTOL operations increases over time.
An accident or incident resulting from the low performance of one of the UATM systems or its inability to provide adequate safety levels may negatively affect public perception and the UAM industry as whole.
Additionally, if UATM systems do not target appropriate services, it may affect their ability to support increased traffic volume and therefore impact the ability for industrial scalability. This may be the result of collecting the wrong data necessary to support future safety cases required for airspace authorities to approve new regulations and/or the inability to manage traffic equitably for all airspace users, including airspace access for eVTOLs.
Capital Markets1 | 1.3%
Capital Markets - Risk 1
Exchange rate volatility may have adverse effects on the Brazilian economy, our business, financial condition and results of operations.See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.
FAQ
What are “Risk Factors”?
Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment.
They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result.
It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.
How do companies disclose their risk factors?
Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process.
Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”.
Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report.
According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.
How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?
Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing.
You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector.
Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements.
A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.
What are all the risk factor categories?
TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below.
1. Financial & Corporate
- Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing.
- Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments.
- Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances.
2. Legal & Regulatory
- Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company.
- Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation.
- Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy.
- Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives.
3. Production
- Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory.
- Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers.
- Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls.
- Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation.
4. Technology & Innovation
- Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development.
- Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology.
- Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks.
- Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying.
5. Ability to Sell
- Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers.
- Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes.
- Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration.
- Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation.
6. Macro & Political
- Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions.
- Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19.
- International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company.
- Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.