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Doximity (DOCS) Risk Analysis

1,024 Followers
Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning. Doximity disclosed 67 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. Doximity reported the most risks in the “Finance & Corporate” category.

Risk Overview Q2, 2026

Source: the company's latest filing for the period ended Jun 30, 2026, filed Aug 06, 2026

Risk Distribution
67Risks
Sector Avg.Finance & CorporateTech & InnovationLegal & RegulatoryProductionAbility to SellMacro & Political
Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy

Risk Change Over Time

Doximity disclosed risks per quarterNo. of Risks65.756666.2566.566.756767.25Q3Q4Q12023Q2Q3Q4Q12024Q2Q3Q4Q12025Q2Q4Q12026Q2Showing: Q1, 2026
Risks removedRisks addedRisks changedDoximity Risk Factors
Risk Changed (3)
  • Innovation / R&D - Risk 1
    Our development, deployment, and use of artificial intelligence may not achieve the expected benefits and may create operational, reputational, competitive, regulatory, legal, and liability risks.

    We use artificial intelligence, machine learning, generative AI, and other AI-enabled technologies as part of operating our business, and we incorporate AI-enabled features and applications into certain of our offerings, including our Workflow Solutions. We have invested, and expect to continue to invest, in expanding AI capabilities intended to improve physician productivity, support clinical reference, documentation, administrative, patient communication, and other healthcare workflows, enhance content generation and delivery, improve data analysis, and increase the efficiency of our internal operations. AI technologies can be complex and are rapidly evolving, and while we believe that AI-enabled features may help support the future growth of our business, there is no guarantee that such features or investments will ultimately be successful. Our AI-enabled offerings may not perform as expected, may not be adopted by members or customers, may be more costly to develop, operate, or support than anticipated, or may fail to improve our competitive position. Our competitors and other third parties, including larger technology companies, healthcare technology companies, and emerging AI-focused companies, may incorporate AI into their products or operations more quickly or more successfully than us, which could impair our ability to compete effectively. AI-enabled tools and features may produce outputs, recommendations, summaries, classifications, drafts, documentation, clinical reference responses, analyses, workflow-related content, or other materials that are inaccurate, incomplete, biased, offensive, misleading, or otherwise deficient. AI systems may also produce "hallucinations," reflect errors or bias in training, input, or customer data, or behave unpredictably in response to incomplete, ambiguous, or adversarial prompts. Because our members and customers operate in the healthcare industry, errors or perceived errors in AI-enabled outputs may be particularly sensitive and could result in reduced trust in our offerings, member or customer dissatisfaction, reputational harm, contractual disputes, regulatory scrutiny, litigation, or other liability. If our AI-enabled features are perceived as unreliable, unsafe, insufficiently transparent, or inconsistent with member or customer expectations, our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. The development, deployment, and use of AI present various intellectual property, privacy, cybersecurity, confidentiality, data governance, contractual, and regulatory risks. Significant investment in the development, implementation, and maintenance of AI-enabled tools, datasets, models, safeguards, policies, procedures, and governance may be costly and may not adequately prevent errors, misuse, or other harm. AI-enabled tools may generate code, text, content, analyses, recommendations, documentation, or other materials that are alleged to infringe, misappropriate, or otherwise violate third-party intellectual property, privacy, publicity, contractual, or other rights. Employees, contractors, vendors, customers, members, or other third parties may use our AI-enabled features or other AI tools in ways that are inconsistent with our policies, contractual obligations, or applicable law, including by entering confidential, proprietary, personal, protected health, or other regulated information into third-party AI tools. Our AI-enabled tools and workflows may also be susceptible to emerging AI-related attack techniques, including prompt injection, data poisoning, model manipulation, malicious inputs, insecure model behavior, unauthorized access to model outputs or training data, and other threats. Any such issues could result in data leakage, loss of intellectual property or trade secret protection, privacy violations, security incidents, contractual breaches, regulatory scrutiny, litigation, indemnity obligations, or reputational harm. Any integration of third-party AI models, platforms, vendors, datasets, or infrastructure with our offerings or internal operations relies on safeguards implemented by those third parties, including safeguards related to model performance, availability, privacy, data use, security, intellectual property, confidentiality, accuracy, bias mitigation, regulatory compliance, and other matters, and these safeguards may be insufficient. Third-party AI providers may also change their models, terms, pricing, availability, data-use practices, privacy and security commitments, intellectual property positions, or compliance posture in ways that adversely affect our products, operations, costs, or ability to meet our contractual or regulatory obligations. Interruptions, errors, degradation, security incidents, or changes involving third-party AI technologies could impair our products or internal operations and could adversely affect our business. Existing laws and regulations may be interpreted, and new laws, regulations, enforcement priorities, industry standards, or judicial interpretations regarding AI may be adopted or applied, in ways that could negatively affect the way we use AI in our business and offerings. The legal and regulatory framework governing AI in the United States is evolving rapidly and remains uncertain, including with respect to AI-related disclosures, consumer protection, privacy, cybersecurity, automated decision-making, employment, discrimination, intellectual property, healthcare, and unfair or deceptive practices. These developments may require us to modify our products, disclosures, governance, risk-management processes, vendor oversight, data practices, contractual commitments, or business practices, and may increase our compliance costs or limit our ability to develop, deploy, or commercialize AI-enabled functionality. If the content, analyses, recommendations, documentation, clinical reference responses, or other outputs arising from our AI-enabled offerings are, or are alleged to be, inaccurate, deficient, offensive, biased, misleading, or otherwise harmful, or if they have a perceived or actual negative impact on privacy, healthcare, employment, or other social contexts, we may experience brand and reputational harm, competitive harm, legal liability, or regulatory scrutiny. We may also face claims, regulatory scrutiny, litigation, or reputational harm if statements we make about our AI capabilities, AI governance, data practices, or the benefits of AI-enabled features are alleged to be inaccurate, exaggerated, misleading, or inadequately substantiated. Any failure, or perceived failure, to develop, deploy, govern, or disclose our use of AI responsibly could harm our reputation, reduce member or customer trust, impair adoption of our products, result in legal or regulatory proceedings, or adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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Risk Highlights Q2, 2026

Main Risk Category
Finance & Corporate
With 26 Risks
Number of Disclosed Risks
67
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 32
Recent Changes
0Risks added
0Risks removed
0Risks changed
Since Jun 2026
Number of Risk Changed
0
-3
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 1

Risk Word Cloud

if our members' profiles are out-of-date, inaccurate, or lack the information that members and customers want to see, we may not be able to realize the full potential of our network, which could adversely impact the growth of our business.full potential of our networkfailure to maintain, protect, or enforce our intellectual property rights could harm our business and results of operations.enforce our intellectual property rightsvolatility in capital markets and lower market prices for many securities may affect our ability to access new capital through sales of shares of our class a common stock or the issuance of indebtedness, which may harm our liquidity, limit our ability to grow our business, pursue acquisitions, or improve our operating infrastructure and restrict our ability to compete in our markets.affect our ability to accesswe employ third-party licensed software and software components for use in or with our solutions, and the inability to maintain these licenses or the presence of errors or security vulnerabilities in the software we license could limit the functionality of our solutions and result in increased costs or reduced service levels, which could adversely affect our business.employ third-party licensed softwareour amended and restated bylaws designate specific state or federal courts located as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit stockholders' ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.restated bylaws designate specific statethe dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with our executive officers (including our chief executive officer) and directors and their affiliates; this will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters.effect of concentrating voting controlwe expect to face increasing competition in the market for our solutions.expect to face increasing competitionwe may enter into collaborations, in-licensing arrangements, joint ventures, strategic alliances, or partnerships with third-parties that may not result in the development of commercially viable solutions or the generation of significant future revenue.development of commercially viable solutionsfuture sales and issuances of our class a common stock or rights to purchase class a common stock, including pursuant to our equity incentive plans, could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause the stock price of our class a common stock to decline.percentage ownership of our stockholdersthe dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with our executive officers (including our chief executive officer) and directors and their affiliates; this will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters.including our chief executive officer

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 67

Share Price & Shareholder Rights7 | 10.4%
  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1
    Our stock price may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, resulting in substantial losses for investors of our Class A common stock.

    The market price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including: - actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial conditions and results of operations;- the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections, or our failure to meet these projections;- failure of securities analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of our company, changes in financial estimates or ratings by any securities analysts who follow our company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;- announcements by us or our competitors of significant technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, results of operations, or capital commitments;- changes in stock market valuations and operating performance of other healthcare and technology companies generally, or those in our industry in particular;- price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a result of trends in the economy as a whole;- changes in our board of directors or management;- sales of large blocks of our Class A common stock, including sales by certain affiliates of Jeff Tangney or our executive officers and directors;- lawsuits threatened or filed against us;- anticipated or actual changes in laws, regulations, or government policies applicable to our business;- changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of debt or equity securities;- short sales, hedging, and other derivative transactions involving our capital stock;- general economic conditions in the United States, including inflation and the interest rate environment and the impact of any U.S. federal government debt default due to a failure to increase the debt ceiling;- "flash crashes," "freeze flashes," or other glitches that disrupt trading on the securities exchange on which we are listed;- other global economic or political events or factors, including those resulting from war, pandemics, incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events; and - the other factors described in the sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K titled "Risk Factors" and "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements." The stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. The market prices of securities of companies have experienced fluctuations that often have been unrelated or disproportionate to their results of operations. Market fluctuations could result in extreme volatility in the price of shares of our Class A common stock, which could cause a decline in the value of your investment. Price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of shares of our Class A common stock is low. Furthermore, in the past, stockholders have sometimes instituted securities class action litigation against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. Any similar litigation against us could result in substantial costs, divert management's attention and resources, and harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2
    The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with our executive officers (including our Chief Executive Officer) and directors and their affiliates; this will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters.

    Our Class B common stock has ten votes per share, and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. Stockholders who hold shares of Class B common stock, including our executive officers and directors and their affiliates, together hold approximately 79% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock as of March 31, 2026. Because of the ten-to-one voting ratio between our Class B common stock and Class A common stock, the holders of our Class B common stock collectively will continue to control a substantial majority of the combined voting power of our common stock and therefore, assuming no material sales of such shares, will be able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval until ten years from the date the Company filed its final prospectus with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, on June 25, 2021, including the election of directors, amendments of our organizational documents, and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or other major corporate transaction. This concentrated control will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters for the foreseeable future. In addition, this may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for our capital stock that you may feel are in your best interest as one of our stockholders. Future transfers by holders of Class B common stock will generally result in those shares converting to Class A common stock, subject to limited exceptions, such as certain transfers effected for estate planning purposes. The conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of Class B common stock who retain their shares in the long term. If, for example, our executive officers (including our Chief Executive Officer), employees, directors and their affiliates retain a significant portion of their holdings of Class B common stock for an extended period of time, they could, in the future, continue to control a majority of the combined voting power of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3
    Future sales and issuances of our Class A common stock or rights to purchase Class A common stock, including pursuant to our equity incentive plans, could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause the stock price of our Class A common stock to decline.

    In the future, we may sell Class A common stock, convertible securities, or other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. We expect to issue securities to employees and directors pursuant to our equity incentive plans. If we sell common stock, convertible securities, or other equity securities in subsequent transactions, or common stock is issued pursuant to equity incentive plans, our investors may be materially diluted. New investors in such subsequent transactions could gain rights, preferences, and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock, including our Class A common.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4
    If a substantial number of shares become available for sale and are sold in a short period of time, the market price of our Class A common stock could decline.

    If our existing stockholders sell substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public market in a short period of time, the market price of our Class A common stock could decrease significantly. The perception in the public market that our existing stockholders might sell shares of Class A common stock could also depress our market price. Our executive officers and directors and certain of our stockholders are subject to the Rule 144 holding period requirements. After the holding periods have elapsed and, in the case of restricted stock, the shares have vested, additional shares will be eligible for sale in the public market. The market price of shares of our Class A common stock may drop significantly when the restrictions on resale by our existing stockholders lapse. A decline in the price of shares of our Class A common stock might impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional shares of our Class A common stock or other equity securities. In addition, certain stockholders have rights, under our investors' rights agreement, to require us to register shares owned by them for public sale in the United States. We also have certain holders of outstanding options that, if fully exercised, would result in the issuance of shares of Class A common stock. All of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options and the shares reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans have been registered for public resale under the Securities Act. As a result, subject to the satisfaction of applicable exercise periods, the shares issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options will be available for immediate resale in the United States in the open market. Sales of our Class A common stock as restrictions end or pursuant to registration rights may make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. These sales could also cause the trading price of our Class A common stock to fall and make it more difficult for you to sell shares of our Class A common stock. Additionally, certain of our employees, executive officers, and directors have entered into, and may further enter into, Rule 10b5-1 trading plans providing for sales of shares of our Class A common stock from time to time. Under a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, a broker executes trades pursuant to parameters established by the employee, director, or officer when entering into the plan, without further direction from the employee, officer, or director. Our employees, executive officers, and directors also may buy or sell additional shares outside of a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan when they are not in possession of material, nonpublic information, subject to the Rule 144 requirements referred to above.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5
    If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about our business, or they publish negative reports about our business, our share price and trading volume could decline.

    The trading market for our Class A common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business, our market, and our competitors. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our shares or publish negative views on us or our shares, our share price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our share price or trading volume to decline.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6
    Delaware law and provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of our Class A common stock.

    Certain provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of our company more difficult, including the following: - amendments to certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amendments to our amended and restated bylaws generally require the approval of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock;- our dual class common stock structure, which provides certain affiliates of Jeff Tangney, individually or together, with the ability to significantly influence the outcome of matters requiring stockholder approval, even if they own significantly less than a majority of the shares of our outstanding Class A common stock and Class B common stock;- our staggered board of directors;- at any time when the holders of our Class B common stock no longer beneficially own, in the aggregate, at least the majority of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock, our stockholders will only be able to take action at a meeting of stockholders and will not be able to take action by written consent for any matter;- our amended and restated certificate of incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting;- vacancies on our board of directors are able to be filled only by our board of directors and not by stockholders, subject to the rights granted pursuant to the stockholders agreement;- a special meeting of our stockholders may only be called by the chairperson of our board of directors or our Chief Executive Officer, as applicable, or a majority of our board of directors;- restrict the forum for certain litigation against us to Delaware or the federal courts, as applicable;- our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without further action by our stockholders; and - advance notice procedures apply for stockholders (other than the parties to our stockholders agreement) to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring matters before an annual meeting of stockholders. Moreover, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company. Section 203 imposes certain restrictions on mergers, business combinations and other transactions between us and holders of 15% or more of our common stock. These provisions, alone or together, could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors of their choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions they desire, any of which, under certain circumstances, could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our Class A common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Class A common stock.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7
    Our amended and restated bylaws designate specific state or federal courts located as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit stockholders' ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.

    Our amended and restated bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for any state law claims for: - any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;- any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders;- any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws; or - any action asserting a claim that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine, or Delaware Forum Provision. The Delaware Forum Provision does not apply to any causes of action arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. Further, our amended and restated bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States will be the sole and exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, or the Federal Forum Provision. In addition, our amended and restated bylaws provide that any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock is deemed to have notice of and consented to the Delaware Forum Provision and the Federal Forum Provision; provided, however, that stockholders cannot and will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. The Delaware Forum Provision and the Federal Forum Provision in our amended and restated bylaws may impose additional litigation costs on stockholders in pursuing any such claims. Additionally, these forum selection clauses may limit our stockholders' ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that they find favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees, which may discourage the filing of lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees, even though an action, if successful, might benefit our stockholders. In addition, while the Delaware Supreme Court ruled in March 2020 that federal forum selection provisions purporting to require claims under the Securities Act be brought in federal court are "facially valid" under Delaware law, there is uncertainty as to whether other courts will enforce our Federal Forum Provision. If the Federal Forum Provision is found to be unenforceable, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters. The Federal Forum Provision may also impose additional litigation costs on stockholders who assert that the provision is not enforceable or invalid. The Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the United States may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a stockholder considering an action may be located or would otherwise choose to bring the action, and such judgments may be more or less favorable to us than our stockholders.

See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?
Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment. They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result. It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.
How do companies disclose their risk factors?
Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process. Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”. Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report. According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.
How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?
Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing. You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector. Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements. A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.
What are all the risk factor categories?
TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below. 1. Financial & Corporate Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results. Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing. Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments. Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances. 2. Legal & Regulatory Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company. Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation. Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy. Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives. 3. Production Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory. Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers. Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls. Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation. 4. Technology & Innovation Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development. Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology. Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks. Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying. 5. Ability to Sell Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers. Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes. Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration. Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation. 6. Macro & Political Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions. Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19. International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company. Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.