Luckin Coffee (LC0A) Risk Analysis
Risk Overview Q4, 2021
Source: the company's latest filing for the period ended Dec 31, 2021, filed Apr 14, 2022
Risk Change Over Time
No filing history is available.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1Any failure by the VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them could have a material adverse effect on our business.
PRC laws and regulations prohibit foreign ownership in certain telecommunication related businesses. To comply with these foreign ownership restrictions, we rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE rather than equity ownership in it to use, or otherwise benefit from, certain foreign restricted licenses and permits that we might need in the future, such as the ICP license held by the VIE. However, these contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over our affiliated entities. Any of our affiliated entities, including the VIE and its shareholders, could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct their operations in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests. In the event that the shareholders of the VIE breach the terms of these contractual arrangements and voluntarily liquidate the VIE, or the VIE declares bankruptcy and all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, or are otherwise disposed of without our consent, we may be unable to conduct some of our business operations or otherwise benefit from the assets held by our affiliated entities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The enforceability of the contractual agreements between us, the VIE and its shareholders depends to a large extent upon whether the VIE and its shareholders will fulfill these contractual agreements. Their interests in enforcing these contractual agreements may not align with our interests or the interests of our shareholders. If their interest diverges from that of our company and other shareholders, it may potentially increase the risk that they could seek to act contrary to these contractual arrangements. If the VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and contractual remedies, which we cannot assure you will be sufficient or effective under PRC law. Our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through litigation in China. Accordingly, these agreements would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a consolidated variable interest entity should be interpreted or enforced under PRC law. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system and the interpretation of PRC laws could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. There remain significant uncertainties regarding the ultimate outcome of such adjudication should legal action become necessary. In the event that we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over the VIE, and our ability to hold the foreign restricted licenses and permits and conduct our business in the future may be negatively affected.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2Anti-takeover provisions contained in our memorandum and articles of association and our shareholder rights plan could have a material adverse effect on the rights of holders of our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs.
Our memorandum and articles of association contain provisions which limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. For example, our Board has the authority subject to any resolution of the shareholders to the contrary, to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our Ordinary Shares. Using such authority, we issued and sold a total of 295,384,615 Senior Preferred Shares to an affiliate of Centurium Capital and a total of 12,307,692 Senior Preferred Shares to an affiliate controlled by Joy Capital, each of which pursuant to an investment agreement that we entered into with these two investors in April 2021. For more details, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—4.A. History and Development of the Company.” Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If our Board decides to issue preferred shares, the trading price of the ADSs may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, on October 14, 2021, we adopted a shareholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”), which is filed as Exhibit 4.21 to this annual report, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 6-K, furnished on October 14, 2021. Pursuant to the Rights Plan, if a person or group acquires 10% or more of our shares or voting power, except as specifically permitted under the Rights Plan, our shareholders other than such acquiring person or group will have the right to purchase additional securities from us at potentially a substantial discount to those securities’ fair market value, thus causing substantial dilution to the ownership of such acquiring person or group. The anti-takeover provisions contained in our memorandum and articles of association and the existence of the Rights Plan may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for the ADSs and could have the effect of depriving our shareholders and ADS holders of an opportunity to realize such premium by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or other similar transaction.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3The circumstances that led to the failure to file our annual report on time, and our efforts to investigate, assess and remediate those matters have caused and may continue to cause delays in our SEC filings.
Our ability to maintain a timely filing schedule with respect to our SEC reporting obligations is subject to a number of contingencies, including whether we can maintain the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We cannot assure you that we will be able to timely make our future filings. In case we delay our filings, investors may need to evaluate certain decisions with respect to our ADSs in light of our lack of current financial information. In addition, the SEC adopted amendments to the Exchange Act Rule 15c2-11 in September 2020 that enhanced disclosure and investor protection in the OTC market by ensuring that broker-dealers do not publish quotations for an issuer’s security when current issuer information is not publicly available, subject to certain exceptions. Therefore, if we are delayed in our filings, the broker-dealers will not be able to publish quotations for our ADSs on the OTC market. In such an event, the trading volume of our ADSs will be negligible, and the trading price may fall sharply as a result.
- Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 4If we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal control, we may be unable to accurately report our results of operations, meet our reporting obligations or prevent fraud, and investor confidence and the trading price of the ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.
As a public company, we are subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“Section 404”), requires that we include a report from management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our annual report on Form 20-F. In 2021, our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. Based on this evaluation, we did not note or identify any deficiencies that we believe to be material weaknesses as of December 31, 2021. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our independent registered public accounting firm has issued an attestation report, which has concluded that as of December 31, 2021, our internal control over financial reporting was effective. Even though we did not note or identify any deficiencies that we believe to be material weaknesses as of December 31, 2021, if we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, as these standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. Generally speaking, if we fail to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment, it could result in material misstatements in our financial statements and could also impair our ability to comply with applicable financial reporting requirements and related regulatory filings on a timely basis. As a result, our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, as well as the trading price of the ADSs, may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, as a public company, our reporting obligations may place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future. We may be unable to timely complete our evaluation testing and any required remediation.
- Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 5We have incurred significant operating losses attributable to the Company since our inception and we may continue to experience significant operating losses in the future.
We have incurred significant operating losses attributable to the Company since our inception in June 2017. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, we incurred operating losses of RMB3,212.1 million, RMB2,587.3 million and RMB539.1 million (US$84.6 million), respectively, primarily attributable to the expenses in relation to the startup and fast expansion of our business. We intend to invest to further improve our brand awareness, maintain and expand our customer base and store network, continuously launch new product offerings, further strengthen our technological capabilities, enhance and optimize our supply chain management and prudently explore expansion into overseas markets. In addition, our net revenues will be impacted by various factors, including the performances of our stores, level of discounts we offer for different products, competitive landscape, customer preference and macroeconomic and regulatory environment. Therefore, our revenues may not grow at the rate we expect and may not increase sufficiently to offset the increase in our expenses. We may continue to incur losses in the future and we cannot assure you that we will eventually achieve profitability.
- Debt & Financing - Risk 6We have substantially consummated an offshore restructuring of the Company’s indebtedness under the supervision of “light touch” joint provisional liquidators appointed pursuant to an order of the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands (the “Cayman Court”), including a restructuring of indebtedness to bondholders and settlement of certain of our contingent liabilities with respect to the Fabricated Transactions. We cannot rule out the possibility that the restructuring will continue to have legacy impact on our business and financial condition.
On July 15, 2020, the Cayman Court appointed Alexander Lawson of Alvarez & Marsal Cayman Islands Limited and Wing Sze Tiffany Wong of Alvarez & Marsal Asia Limited to act as “light-touch” Joint Provisional Liquidators of the Company (the “JPLs”). The JPLs were appointed on the application of the Company in response to the presentation of a winding-up petition by a creditor of the Company in the Cayman Court. During the provisional liquidation, we operated our business under the day-to-day control of the Board, under the supervision of the JPLs, in accordance with a protocol executed on October 16, 2020. Among other things, the protocol required us to obtain the approval of the JPLs in respect of certain key management matters, including but not limited to the Company’s cash allocation, certain outward payments and any steps proposed to be taken by the Board outside of the ordinary course of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries. Under Cayman Islands law, no suit, action or other proceedings could be commenced or continued against the Company in the Cayman Islands during the course of the provisional liquidation, without the leave of the Cayman Court. In addition, the commencement or continuation of suits, actions or proceedings in the territorial jurisdiction of the U.S. against the Company and its assets in the territorial jurisdiction of the U.S. were stayed, to the extent provided in section 362 of title 11 of the United States Code (the “U.S. Bankruptcy Code”). This stay arose pursuant to the order of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the “U.S. Bankruptcy Court”) entered in the case commenced with respect to us under chapter 15 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (the “Chapter 15 Case”). The stay remained effective for the duration of the Chapter 15 Case, which was closed on April 8, 2022. Following the JPLs’ appointment, which constituted an event of default under our convertible senior notes indenture, 100% of the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, the US$460 million 0.75% convertible senior notes due 2025 (the “Notes”) automatically became immediately due and payable. Accordingly, we took steps to negotiate a restructuring of our financial obligations owing under the Notes (the “Restructuring”), under the supervision of the JPLs. On March 16, 2021, we announced that we had entered into a restructuring support agreement (the “RSA”) with holders of a majority of the Notes. On September 21, 2021, we announced that we had filed a summons for directions and a petition in the Cayman Court seeking court sanction of a scheme of arrangement (the “Scheme”) for the purposes of the Restructuring. On December 1, 2021, we announced that at a meeting regarding the Scheme held on November 30, 2021, creditors representing approximately 97.7% of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Notes had voted unanimously to approve the Scheme and that, accordingly, the Scheme had been approved by the requisite majority of creditors. On December 14, 2021, we announced that the Cayman Court had sanctioned the Scheme. On January 28, 2022, the Restructuring of the Notes as contemplated by the Scheme became effective, and was substantially consummated. In aggregate, in exchange for the Notes, we have issued consideration under the Scheme totaling approximately US$245.5 million of cash, US$109.9 million of 9.00% series B senior secured notes due 2027 (the “New Notes”) and 9,527,601 ADSs representing 76,220,808 Class A ordinary shares, which includes 291,699 ADSs issued on April 4, 2022 pursuant to the top-up mechanism under the Scheme. Subsequently, the parties to the amended winding up petition (filed in substitution on January 7, 2021) applied consensually to the Cayman Court for leave to withdraw or have the petition dismissed. By order of the Cayman Court dated February 25, 2022, the petition was dismissed and the JPLs were formally discharged with effect from March 4, 2022, bringing the provisional liquidation to a close. In addition, a final report was filed with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court on March 4, 2022 requesting entry of an order closing the Chapter 15 Case, and the U.S. Bankruptcy Court entered an order closing the Chapter 15 Case on April 8, 2022. We cannot rule out the possibility that the Restructuring will continue to have legacy impact on our business and financial condition. For example, failure to comply with the terms under the New Notes could result in acceleration of indebtedness, which could have an adverse effect on our cash flow and liquidity and in turn affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are aware that certain persons and entities (and their beneficiaries) who purchased or otherwise acquired the Company’s ADSs have filed a series of lawsuits alleging that the Company (and others) violated United States securities law. As of the date of this annual report, the Company considers the claims asserted in these lawsuits as contingent liabilities as the Company’s liability has not yet been established by the relevant courts, except for the settlements reached as described in “Item 8. Financial Information—8.A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.” On September 20, 2021, we entered into a binding term sheet with the lead plaintiffs in the provisionally certified class action In re Luckin Coffee Inc. Securities Litigation, Case No.1:20-cv-01293-JPC-JLC (SDNY) to fully resolve all claims that have been or could be filed on behalf of the provisionally certified class of purchasers Company’s ADS between May 17, 2019 through July 15, 2020, inclusive, and on October 20, 2021, we entered into a Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement reflecting the terms of the settlement (the “Federal Class Settlement”). The amount of the Federal Class Settlement is $175 million. The Federal Class Settlement was sanctioned by the Cayman Court overseeing the Company’s “light touch” provisional liquidation on October 21, 2021, and received preliminary approval from the U.S. Court overseeing the class action on October 26, 2021. The Federal Class Settlement remains contingent on our ability to fund the settlement amount and final approval of the settlement from the U.S. Court. A hearing for final approval of the Federal Class Settlement has been scheduled by the U.S. Court for July 22, 2022. On January 9, 2022, the Company reached an agreement in principle with the lead plaintiffs in the putative class action In re Luckin Coffee Inc. Securities Litigation, Index No. 651939/2020 (Sup. Ct. N.Y. Cty.) (the “State Class Action”), pending in the Commercial Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the “State Court”) to resolve claims that have been or could be filed on behalf of a class of purchasers of the Notes who did not release their claims in connection with the Scheme. The settlement remains subject to negotiation and execution of a stipulation of settlement, as well as approval from the State Court. The Company also expects to expend additional amounts to resolve claims of investors who submitted valid opt-out notices. The Company has already been named as a defendant in a number of opt-out lawsuits alleging violations of U.S. securities laws. In addition, certain individuals and institutions, who have submitted opt-out notices, claim to have made investments relating to the Company’s ADS and have made informal demands for the Company to pay alleged losses resulting from the Fabricated Transactions disclosed on April 2, 2020, but have not commenced legal proceedings. See “Item 8. Financial Information—8.A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.” There may also be more lawsuits filed against us in the future. Failure to settle these lawsuits or other unfavorable outcomes in these proceedings could result in significant damages, additional penalties or other remedies imposed against us, our current or former directors or officers, which could harm our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
- Debt & Financing - Risk 7We had in the past failed to comply with the terms of our indebtedness, which accelerated as a result. Failure to comply with the terms of our existing or future indebtedness could result in acceleration of indebtedness, which could have an adverse effect on our cash flow and liquidity.
We have entered and may from time to time enter into credit facilities and debt financing arrangements containing financial and other covenants that could, among other things, restrict our business and operations. On July 15, 2020, following the appointment of the JPLs by the Cayman Court, which constitutes an event of default under the indenture of the Notes described above, 100% of the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, the Notes automatically became immediately due and payable. On March 16, 2021, we announced that we entered into an RSA with holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount outstanding under the Notes. On January 28, 2022, the Restructuring of the Notes became effective, and was substantially consummated, which included the issuance of new debt securities in the form of the US$109.9 million New Notes described above. For more information about the restructuring of the Notes and the issuance of the New Notes, see “Note 13 Convertible Senior Notes” and “Note 22 Subsequent Events—Effectiveness of the Restructuring” to the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. If we breach any of the covenants under the New Notes or any of our existing or future debt financial arrangements, including by failing to maintain certain financial ratios, our lenders may be entitled to accelerate our debt obligations. Any default under our existing or future debt financial arrangements could also require that we repay these loans prior to maturity as well as limit our ability to obtain additional financing, which in turn may have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and liquidity. For example, failure to comply with the terms under the New Notes could result in acceleration of indebtedness, which could have an adverse effect on our cash flow and liquidity and in turn affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
- Debt & Financing - Risk 8The New Notes are exclusively the Company’s obligations but our operations are conducted through, and substantially all of our consolidated assets are held by, our subsidiaries and VIE.
The New Notes are issued pursuant to a senior secured notes indenture dated as of January 28, 2022 by and between, the Company, the entities listed as Subsidiary Guarantors (as defined therein) and The Bank of New York Mellon in its capacity as the trustee, common security agent, paying agent, registrar and transfer agent (the “New Notes Trustee” or and the “Common Security Agent”) (the “Base Indenture”), and Series B supplemental indenture dated as of January 28, 2022 by and between the parties to the Base Indenture (the “Series B Supplemental Indenture”, together with the Base Indenture, the “New Notes Indenture”). The forms of Base Indenture and Series B Supplemental Indenture were filed as Exhibit T3C-1 and Exhibit T3C-3, respectively, to our application for qualification of trust indentures on Form T-3 (File Number 022-29096), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 18, 2022. The New Notes are exclusively the Company’s obligations guaranteed by Company’s Offshore Subsidiaries (as defined in the New Notes Indenture). However, the New Notes are not guaranteed by any of our operating subsidiaries or VIE. A substantial portion of our consolidated assets are held by, and a substantial portion of our business is conducted through, our operating subsidiaries and VIE. Accordingly, the Company’s ability to service our debt, including the New Notes, depends on the results of operations of our operating subsidiaries and VIE and upon the ability of such operating subsidiaries or VIE to provide the Company with cash, whether in the form of dividends, loans, service fees or otherwise, to pay amounts due on the Company’s obligations, including the New Notes. Our operating subsidiaries and VIE are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to make payments on the New Notes or to make any funds available for that purpose. In addition, dividends, loans, service fees or other distributions to us from such operating subsidiaries or VIE may be subject to regulatory contractual and other restrictions and are subject to other business considerations.
Risk Highlights Q4, 2021
Risk Word Cloud
Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 108
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1ADS holders may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under the deposit agreement, which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.
The deposit agreement governing the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, ADS holders waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to our shares, the ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws. If we or the depositary opposed a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with the applicable state and federal law. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of New York, which govern the deposit agreement, by a federal or state court in the City of New York, which has non-exclusive jurisdiction over matters arising under the deposit agreement. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision, courts will generally consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived the right to a jury trial. We believe that this is the case with respect to the deposit agreement and the ADSs. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before entering into the deposit agreement. If you or any other holders or beneficial owners of ADSs bring a claim against us or the depositary in connection with matters arising under the deposit agreement or the ADSs, including claims under federal securities laws, you or such other holder or beneficial owner may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to such claims, which may have the effect of limiting and discouraging lawsuits against us and/or the depositary. If a lawsuit is brought against us and/or the depositary under the deposit agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in different outcomes than a trial by jury would have had, including results that could be less favorable to the plaintiff(s) in any such action. Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver provision is not permitted by applicable law, an action could proceed under the terms of the deposit agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the deposit agreement or ADSs serves as a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of ADSs or by us or the depositary of compliance with any substantive provision of the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.
Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including: ? the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K; ? the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; ? the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and ? the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD. We are required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3You may experience dilution of your holdings due to the inability to participate in rights offerings.
We may, from time to time, distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire securities. Under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not distribute rights to holders of the ADSs unless the distribution and sale of rights and the securities to which these rights relate are either exempt from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all holders of the ADSs, or are registered under the provisions of the Securities Act. The depositary may, but is not required to, attempt to sell these undistributed rights to third parties, and may allow the rights to lapse. We may be unable to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, and we are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to these rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to have a registration statement declared effective. Accordingly, holders of the ADSs may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution of their holdings as a result.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the trading price for the ADSs and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for the ADSs will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If research analysts do not establish and maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades the ADSs or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the trading price for the ADSs would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the trading price or trading volume for the ADSs to decline.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5The voting rights of holders of the ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement, and you may not be able to exercise your right to direct the voting of your Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs.
Holders of the ADSs do not have the same rights as our registered shareholders. As a holder of the ADSs, you will not have any direct right to attend general meetings of our shareholders or to cast any votes at such meetings. You will only be able to exercise the voting rights which attach to the Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs indirectly by giving voting instructions to the depositary in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Under the deposit agreement, you may vote only by giving voting instructions to the depositary, as holder of the Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs. If we ask for your instructions, then upon receipt of your voting instructions, the depositary will try to vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares in accordance with those instructions. If we do not instruct the depositary to ask for your instructions, you can still give instructions, and the depositary may vote in accordance with instructions you give, but it is not required to do so. You will not be able to directly exercise any right to vote with respect to the underlying Class A ordinary shares unless you withdraw the shares and become the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date for the general meeting. When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient advance notice of the meeting to enable you to withdraw the shares underlying the ADSs and become the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date for the general meeting to allow you to attend the general meeting and to vote directly with respect to any specific matter or resolution to be considered and voted upon at the general meeting. In addition, under our sixth amended and restated articles of association, for the purposes of determining those shareholders who are entitled to attend and vote at any general meeting, our directors may close our register of members and/or fix in advance a record date for such meeting, and such closure of our register of members or the setting of such a record date may prevent you from withdrawing the Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs and becoming the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date, so that you would not be able to attend the general meeting or to vote directly. Where any matter is to be put to a vote at a general meeting, the depositary will notify you of the upcoming vote and to deliver our voting materials to you if we ask it to. We cannot assure you that you will receive the voting material in time to ensure you can direct the depositary to vote your shares. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for their manner of carrying out your voting instructions. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to direct how the shares underlying the ADSs are voted, and you may have no legal remedy if the shares underlying the ADSs are not voted as you requested.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6The trading price of the ADSs has been and may continue to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors.
Our ADSs were listed on NASDAQ Global Select Market (the “Nasdaq”), since our SEC-registered initial public offering in May 2019. We received a delisting notice from Nasdaq on May 15, 2020 and requested a hearing on May 22, 2020. We received another delisting notice from Nasdaq for failure to file our annual report on June 17, 2020. We notified Nasdaq of the Company’s decision to withdraw its request for the hearing on June 24, 2020. On July 1, 2020, we were delisted from Nasdaq when the staff of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC filed a Form 25 Notification of Delisting. Our ADSs have been quoted on the OTC Pink Limited Information initially under the symbol “LKNCY” since the Nasdaq suspended the trading of our ADSs on June 29, 2020. The OTC Market is a significantly more limited market than Nasdaq. The quotation of our ADSs on the OTC Market may result in a less liquid market available for existing and potential stockholders to trade our ADSs, could depress the trading price of our ADSs and could have a long-term adverse impact on our ability to raise capital in the future. For the period from January 1, 2020 to June 29, 2020 (suspension by the Nasdaq of the trading of our ADSs on the Nasdaq), the daily closing trading prices of our ADSs ranged from US$1.38 to US$50.02 per ADS. The daily closing trading prices of our ADSs ranged from US$5.69 to US$17.48 per ADS in 2021. Since our ADSs have been quoted on the OTC market, the daily closing trading prices of our ADSs ranged from US$1.54 to US$17.48 per ADS up to the date of this annual report. The trading price of the ADSs has been volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, including the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in the United States. In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for the ADSs may be highly volatile for factors specific to our own operations, including the following: ? variations in our revenues, earnings and cash flows; ? announcements of new investments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships or joint ventures by us or our competitors; ? announcements of new offerings and expansions by us or our competitors; ? changes in financial estimates by securities analysts; ? detrimental adverse publicity about us, our products and services or our industry; ? announcements of new regulations, rules or policies relevant for our business; ? additions or departures of key personnel; ? release of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities; ? sales of additional ADSs in the public market or other equity-linked securities, or the perception of these events; ? convertible arbitrage strategy employed by certain investors in our Notes, including related short selling of our ADSs; and ? potential litigation or regulatory investigations. Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which the ADSs will trade. In addition, the stock market in general, and the market prices for internet-related companies and companies with operations in China in particular, have experienced volatility that often has been unrelated to the operating performance of such companies. The securities of some China-based companies that have listed their securities in the United States have experienced significant volatility since their initial public offerings in recent years, including, in some cases, substantial declines in the trading prices of their securities. The trading performances of these companies’ securities after their offerings may affect the attitudes of investors towards Chinese companies listed in the United States in general, which consequently may impact the trading performance of the ADSs, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, any negative news or perceptions about inadequate corporate governance practices or fraudulent accounting, corporate structure or other matters of other Chinese companies may also negatively affect the attitudes of investors towards Chinese companies in general, including us, regardless of whether we have engaged in any inappropriate activities. In particular, the global financial crisis and the ensuing economic recessions in many countries have contributed and may continue to contribute to extreme volatility in the global stock markets. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of the ADSs. Volatility or a lack of positive performance in the trading price of the ADSs may also adversely affect our ability to retain key employees, most of whom have been granted options or other equity incentives. In the past, shareholders of public companies have often brought securities class action suits against those companies following periods of instability in the market price of their securities. Our involvement in such class actions could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit, which could harm our results of operations. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Substantial future sales or perceived potential sales of ADSs in the public market or other equity-linked securities could cause the price of ADSs to decline. See “—Risks Relating to Our Internal Investigation, Restatement of Our Consolidated Financial Statements, Internal Control, Offshore Restructuring and Related Matters—We have been named as a defendant in a number of lawsuits filed by purchasers of our securities, including class action lawsuits that, absent settlement, could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and our reputation.” Sales of substantial amounts of ADSs in the public market or other equity-linked securities, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the trading price of ADSs. Certain holders of our Ordinary Shares and Senior Preferred Shares have the right to cause us to register under the Securities Act the sale of their shares. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in ADSs representing these shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration. Sales of these registered shares in the form of ADSs in the public market could cause the price of the ADSs to decline.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7Our dual-class share structure with different voting rights limits your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares and the ADSs may view as beneficial.
We have adopted a dual-class share structure such that our Ordinary Shares consist of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. In respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders, each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote and each Class B ordinary share is entitled to ten votes. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Due to this dual-class share structure, our shareholders have experienced changes to their voting powers when certain Class B ordinary shares are converted into Class A ordinary shares, and our shareholders may experience future changes in the voting powers resulting from the factors including new Class B share conversion or future share issuances, among others. As of April 10, 2022, Class B ordinary shares constituted 5.8% of our total issued and outstanding share capital and 38.3% of the aggregate voting power of our total issued and outstanding share capital. As of April 10, 2022, Centurium Capital and its affiliates hold 100% of our Class B ordinary shares. As a result of this dual-class share structure, the holders of our Class B ordinary shares have concentrated control over the outcome of matters put to a vote of shareholders and have significant influence over our business, including decisions regarding mergers, consolidations, liquidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. The holders of Class B ordinary shares may take actions that are not in the best interest of us or our other shareholders or holders of the ADSs. This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could have the effect of depriving our other shareholders of the opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and may reduce the trading price of the ADSs. This concentrated control limits your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions that holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial. In addition, future issuances of Class B ordinary shares may be dilutive to the holders of Class A ordinary shares. As a result, the market price of our Class A ordinary shares could be adversely affected.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 8You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, the Cayman Islands Companies Act (2022 Revision) and other applicable legislation and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands have a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, purchasers of our ADS do not have the same standing as purchasers of our ordinary shares under Cayman Islands law. Shareholders of Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors have discretion under our sixth amended and restated articles of association to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest. Moreover, certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable. Substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States, and substantially all of our operations are conducted in China. In addition, most of our directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. Substantially all of the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. As a result of all of the above, investors who purchase our ADS may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by our management or the Board than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 9We have granted share-based awards in the past and will continue to grant share-based awards in the future, which may have an adverse effect on our future profit. Exercise of the share-based awards granted will increase the number of our shares in circulation, which may adversely affect the market price of our shares.
We adopted a share incentive plan in January 2019 (the “2019 Share Option Plan”) to enhance our ability to attract and retain exceptionally qualified individuals and to encourage them to acquire a proprietary interest in our growth and performance. The maximum aggregate number of Ordinary Shares we are authorized to issue pursuant to all awards under the 2019 Share Option Plan is 79,015,500 Ordinary Shares. As of the date of this annual report, 66,938,589 options (excluding any granted options that were subsequently canceled) have been granted with 45,459,688 vested yet not exercised and 14,993,389 unvested options under the 2019 Share Option Plan. We also adopted an equity incentive plan in January 2021 (the “2021 Equity Incentive Plan”) to retain, attract and motivate employees and directors by providing them with equity incentives. The maximum aggregate number of Ordinary Shares we are authorized to issue pursuant to all awards under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan is 222,769,232 Ordinary Shares. As of the date of this annual report, restricted share units to receive ADSs representing 77,191,824 Class A Ordinary Shares (excluding any granted restricted share units that were subsequently canceled) have been granted with restricted share units to receive ADSs representing 32,581,592 Class A Ordinary Shares vested under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan. See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—6.B. Compensation—Share Incentive Plan.” For the avoidance of doubt, the 2019 Share Option Plan (and any award offered thereunder) is not replaced or superseded by the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan and both plans continue to operate contemporaneously and independently. We believe the granting of share-based awards is of significant importance to our ability to attract and retain key personnel and employees, and we expect to grant share-based compensation to employees in the future. As a result, our expenses associated with share-based compensation may increase, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 10ChangedAny failure by the VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them could have a material adverse effect on our business.
PRC laws and regulations prohibit foreign ownership in certain telecommunication related businesses. To comply with these foreign ownership restrictions, we rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE rather than equity ownership in it to use, or otherwise benefit from, certain foreign restricted licenses and permits that we might need in the future, such as the ICP license held by the VIE. However, these contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over our affiliated entities. Any of our affiliated entities, including the VIE and its shareholders, could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct their operations in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests. In the event that the shareholders of the VIE breach the terms of these contractual arrangements and voluntarily liquidate the VIE, or the VIE declares bankruptcy and all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, or are otherwise disposed of without our consent, we may be unable to conduct some of our business operations or otherwise benefit from the assets held by our affiliated entities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The enforceability of the contractual agreements between us, the VIE and its shareholders depends to a large extent upon whether the VIE and its shareholders will fulfill these contractual agreements. Their interests in enforcing these contractual agreements may not align with our interests or the interests of our shareholders. If their interest diverges from that of our company and other shareholders, it may potentially increase the risk that they could seek to act contrary to these contractual arrangements. If the VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and contractual remedies, which we cannot assure you will be sufficient or effective under PRC law. Our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through litigation in China. Accordingly, these agreements would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a consolidated variable interest entity should be interpreted or enforced under PRC law. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system and the interpretation of PRC laws could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. There remain significant uncertainties regarding the ultimate outcome of such adjudication should legal action become necessary. In the event that we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over the VIE, and our ability to hold the foreign restricted licenses and permits and conduct our business in the future may be negatively affected.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 11ChangedAnti-takeover provisions contained in our memorandum and articles of association and our shareholder rights plan could have a material adverse effect on the rights of holders of our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs.
Our memorandum and articles of association contain provisions which limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. For example, our Board has the authority subject to any resolution of the shareholders to the contrary, to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our Ordinary Shares. Using such authority, we issued and sold a total of 295,384,615 Senior Preferred Shares to an affiliate of Centurium Capital and a total of 12,307,692 Senior Preferred Shares to an affiliate controlled by Joy Capital, each of which pursuant to an investment agreement that we entered into with these two investors in April 2021. For more details, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—4.A. History and Development of the Company.” Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If our Board decides to issue preferred shares, the trading price of the ADSs may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, on October 14, 2021, we adopted a shareholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”), which is filed as Exhibit 4.21 to this annual report, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 6-K, furnished on October 14, 2021. Pursuant to the Rights Plan, if a person or group acquires 10% or more of our shares or voting power, except as specifically permitted under the Rights Plan, our shareholders other than such acquiring person or group will have the right to purchase additional securities from us at potentially a substantial discount to those securities’ fair market value, thus causing substantial dilution to the ownership of such acquiring person or group. The anti-takeover provisions contained in our memorandum and articles of association and the existence of the Rights Plan may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for the ADSs and could have the effect of depriving our shareholders and ADS holders of an opportunity to realize such premium by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or other similar transaction.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 12ChangedThe circumstances that led to the failure to file our annual report on time, and our efforts to investigate, assess and remediate those matters have caused and may continue to cause delays in our SEC filings.
Our ability to maintain a timely filing schedule with respect to our SEC reporting obligations is subject to a number of contingencies, including whether we can maintain the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We cannot assure you that we will be able to timely make our future filings. In case we delay our filings, investors may need to evaluate certain decisions with respect to our ADSs in light of our lack of current financial information. In addition, the SEC adopted amendments to the Exchange Act Rule 15c2-11 in September 2020 that enhanced disclosure and investor protection in the OTC market by ensuring that broker-dealers do not publish quotations for an issuer’s security when current issuer information is not publicly available, subject to certain exceptions. Therefore, if we are delayed in our filings, the broker-dealers will not be able to publish quotations for our ADSs on the OTC market. In such an event, the trading volume of our ADSs will be negligible, and the trading price may fall sharply as a result.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 13AddedOur Senior Preferred Shares have rights, preferences and privileges that are not held by, and are preferential to, the rights of our Ordinary Shares and ADSs, which could result in the interests of the holders of our Senior Preferred Shares differing from those of the holders of our Ordinary Shares and ADSs.
In April 2021, we announced that we had entered into an investment agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with an affiliate of Centurium Capital, as the lead investor, and Joy Capital. On December 1, 2021, we announced that we closed the Investment Agreement with the lead investor, pursuant to which we issued and sold a total of 295,384,615 Senior Preferred Shares to the lead investor. On January 7, 2022, we closed the Investment Agreement with Joy Capital, pursuant to which we issued and sold a total of 12,307,692 Senior Preferred Shares to an affiliate controlled by Joy Capital. The holders of our Senior Preferred Shares have certain rights that are preferential to the rights of the holders of our Ordinary Shares and ADSs, such as certain customary protective provisions and certain downside protection provisions intended to mitigate the impact of certain regulatory risks in connection with the previously disclosed Fabricated Transactions, including but not limited to the following. ? The approval of the holders of a majority of the then issued and outstanding Senior Preferred Shares shall be required for any adverse alteration to the rights and privileges of the holders of Senior Preferred Shares, any creation, authorization or issuance of any class or series of equity securities of the Company that are superior to or on a parity with the Senior Preferred Shares and certain other actions of the Company set forth in the Certificate of Designation. ? In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of Senior Preferred Shares shall be entitled to receive distribution in cash out of the assets of the Company available for distribution in preference to the holders of other Shares. ? Each Senior Preferred Share can be convertible into a number of Class A ordinary share(s) of the Company (or an equivalent number of ADSs) at the ratio calculated using the then applicable conversion price, which shall initially be the original issue price and is subject to adjustment from time to time. ? With respect to each Senior Preferred Share, during the period from April 15, 2021 to the third anniversary of its original issuance, if upon an announcement or reporting by any person of any U.S. governmental authority (other than the SEC) entering into an agreement with us, imposing penalty or restriction in connection with the previously disclosed Fabricated Transactions, the trading prices of our ADSs are negatively affected, as determined in accordance with the mechanisms set forth in the Certificate of Designation, the then applicable conversion price of such Senior Preferred Share shall be adjusted downward to reflect the impact of such event. See “Item 10. Additional Information—10.B. Memorandum and Articles of Association—Certificate of Designation.” The existence of the aforesaid rights, preferences and privileges of our Senior Preferred Shares and other rights, preferences and privileges of our Senior Preferred Shares as set forth in the Certificate of Designation, may reduce the value of our Ordinary Shares and ADSs, cause dilution to holders of our Ordinary Shares and ADSs, result in divergent interests between the holders of our Senior Preferred Shares and the holders of our Ordinary Shares and ADSs, make it harder for us to sell ADSs in offerings in the future and/or prevent or delay a change of control.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 14AddedTrading in our ADSs on the OTC may be prohibited under the HFCA Act, if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or fully investigate our auditors. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued the HFCA Act Determination Report, according to which our auditor is subject to the determinations that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely. The prohibition of trading in our ADSs on the OTC may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. If this happens there is no certainty that we will be able to list our Ordinary Shares on a non-U.S. exchange or that a market for our Ordinary Shares will develop outside the United States.
As part of a continued regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit and other information currently protected by national law, in particular China’s, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCA Act, has been signed into law on December 18, 2020. The HFCA Act requires the SEC to prohibit the trading of securities of a Chinese or non-U.S. company on U.S. securities exchanges or the over-the-counter market if the PCAOB has determined that it has been unable to inspect the company’s accounting firm for three consecutive years because of a position taken by an authority in the company’s jurisdiction. The HFCA Act also requires such companies to make certain disclosures about their ownership by governmental entities and their relationships with the Chinese Communist Party. On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final amendments to its rules implementing the HFCA Act (the “Final Amendments”). The Final Amendments finalized the interim final rules adopted in March 2021 with two major modifications. First, the Final Amendments clarify how the requirements apply to variable interest entities. Second, the Final Amendments include requirements to disclose information, including the auditor name and location, the percentage of shares of the issuer owned by governmental entities, whether governmental entities in the applicable foreign jurisdiction with respect to the auditor has a controlling financial interest with respect to the issuer, the name of each official of the Chinese Communist Party who is a member of the board of the issuer, and whether the articles of incorporation of the issuer contains any charter of the Chinese Communist Party. The Final Amendments also establish procedures the SEC will follow in identifying issuers and prohibiting trading by certain issuers under the HFCA Act. On December 16, 2021, PCAOB issued the HFCA Act Determination Report, according to which our auditor is subject to the determinations that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely. The HFCA Act or other efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause investor uncertainty for affected issuers, including us, and the market price of the ADSs could be adversely affected. Additionally, whether the PCAOB will be able to conduct inspections of our auditor in the three consecutive years or at all, is subject to substantial uncertainty and depends on a number of factors out of our control. If we are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement in time, our ADSs will not be permitted for trading over-the-counter. Such prohibition would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our ADSs when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with such prohibition would have a negative impact on the price of our ADSs. If our ADS are prohibited from trading in the over-the-counter market in the United States, there is no certainly that we will be able to list our Ordinary Shares on a securities exchange outside the United States or that a market for our Ordinary Shares will develop outside the United States. Such a prohibition would significantly affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, which would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and prospects.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 15AddedCenturium Capital, our controlling shareholder, has had and will continue to have effective control over the outcome of shareholder actions in our company. The interests of Centurium Capital may not be aligned with the interests of our other shareholders and holders of the ADSs.
As of April 10, 2022, Centurium Capital, our controlling shareholder, beneficially owns through its affiliates 19.4% of our total Class A ordinary shares, 100% of our total Class B ordinary shares and 96.0% of our total Senior Preferred Shares, representing 57.0% of the voting power of all of our Ordinary Shares and Senior Preferred Shares as a single class. See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—6.E. Share Ownership.” Centurium Capital’s voting power gives it the power to control certain actions that require shareholder approval under Cayman Islands law and our memorandum and articles of association, including authorization of a plan of merger, changes to our memorandum and articles of association and an increase of our authorized share capital. Centurium Capital’s voting control may cause transactions to occur that might not be beneficial to our other shareholders or you as a holder of the ADSs and may prevent transactions that could have been beneficial to our other shareholders or to you. For example, Centurium Capital’s voting control may prevent a transaction involving a change of control in us, including transactions in which you as a holder of the ADSs might otherwise receive a premium for the ADSs over the then-current market price. In addition, Centurium Capital is not prohibited from selling the controlling interest in us to a third party and may do so without your approval and without providing for a purchase of your ADSs. If Centurium Capital is acquired, otherwise undergoes a change of control or is subject to a corporate restructuring, an acquirer, successor or other third party may be entitled to exercise the voting control and contractual rights of Centurium Capital, and may do so in a manner that could vary significantly from that of Centurium Capital.
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