Cemtrex (CETX) Risk Analysis

We previously received a deficiency letter from Nasdaq on our Series 1 Preferred Stock. Having failed to meet the ongoing listing requirements, on January 18, 2024, the Company received a letter from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC's Hearings Panel notifying the Company that it has determined to delist the Company's shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock from the exchange, due to the Company's inability to meet the terms of the exception granted by the Panel on September 8, 2023, as amended. Suspension of trading in the Company's Series 1 Preferred Stock was effective at the open of business on January 22, 2024. The Series 1 Preferred Stock is now quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbol "CETXP". Nasdaq filed a Form 25 on March 21, 2024, and the deregistration of the Company's Series 1 Preferred Stock under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act became effective for 90 days after filing of the Form 25. We have also received a deficiency letter for our Common Stock. On June 14, 2024, the Company received a notification letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying the Company that, because the closing bid price for the Company's common stock listed on Nasdaq was below $1.00 for 30 consecutive trading days, the Company no longer meets the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5550(a)(2), requiring a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share. The notification letter also disclosed that in the event the Company does not regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement by December 11, 2024, the Company may be eligible for additional time. To qualify for additional time, the Company would be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the bid price requirement, and would need to provide written notice of its intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. On August 21, 2024, the Company received a notification letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying the Company that, because the stockholder's equity for the Company was below $2,500,000 as reported on our Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2024, the Company no longer meets the minimum shareholder's equity requirement for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5550(b)(1), requiring a minimum stockholder's equity of $2,500,000 (the "Minimum Stockholder's Equity Requirement"). On October 23, 2024, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq that it had been granted an extension to regain compliance with the Minimum Stockholder's Equity Requirement. The terms of the extension are as follows: on or before February 17, 2025, the Company must complete the submitted plan and opt for one of the two following alternatives to evidence compliance with the Rule: Alternative 1: The Company must furnish to the SEC and Nasdaq a publicly available report (e.g., a Form 8-K) including: 1. A disclosure of Staff's deficiency letter and the specific deficiency(ies) cited;2. A description of the completed transaction or event that enabled the Company to satisfy the stockholders' equity requirement for continued listing;3. An affirmative statement that, as of the date of the report, the Company believes it has regained compliance with the stockholders' equity requirement based upon the specific transaction or event referenced in Step 2; and 4. A disclosure stating that Nasdaq will continue to monitor the Company's ongoing compliance with the stockholders' equity requirement and, if at the time of its next periodic report the Company does not evidence compliance, that it may be subject to delisting. Alternative 2: The Company must furnish to the SEC and Nasdaq a publicly available report including: 1. Steps 1 & 2 set forth above;2. A balance sheet no older than 60 days with pro forma adjustments for any significant transactions or event occurring on or before the report date. The pro forma balance sheet must evidence compliance with the stockholders' equity requirement; and 3. A disclosure that the Company believes it also satisfies the stockholders' equity requirement as of the report date and that Nasdaq will continue to monitor the Company's ongoing compliance with the stockholders' equity requirement and, if at the time of its next periodic report the Company does not evidence compliance, that it may be subject to delisting. Regardless of which alternative the Company chooses, if the Company fails to evidence compliance upon filing its periodic report for the March 31, 2025, with the SEC and Nasdaq, the Company may be subject to delisting. Although our Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, the exchange will require us to meet certain financial, public float, bid price and liquidity standards on an ongoing basis in order to continue the listing of our Common Stock. If we fail to meet these continued listing requirements, our Common Stock may be subject to delisting. Delisting from the Nasdaq Capital Market could make trading our common stock more difficult for investors, potentially leading to declines in our share price and liquidity. Without a Nasdaq Capital Market listing, stockholders may have a difficult time getting a quote for the sale or purchase of our stock, the sale or purchase of our stock would likely be made more difficult and the trading volume and liquidity of our stock could decline. Delisting from the Nasdaq Capital Market could also result in negative publicity and could also make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital. The absence of such a listing may adversely affect the acceptance of our common stock as currency or the value accorded by other parties. Further, if we are delisted, we would also incur additional costs under state blue sky laws in connection with any sales of our securities. These requirements could severely limit the market liquidity of our common stock and the ability of our stockholders to sell our common stock in the secondary market. If our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, our common stock may be eligible to trade on an over-the-counter quotation system, such as the OTC Pink, OTCQB and OTCQX markets, where an investor may find it more difficult to sell our stock or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common stock. In the event our common stock is delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market, we may not be able to list our common stock on another national securities exchange or obtain quotation on an over-the counter quotation system.

We expect that significant additional capital may be needed in the future to continue our planned operations, expanded research and development activities and costs associated with operating a public company. The Company may also require capital to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products, or technologies, or to obtain the right to use such complementary technologies. We have no commitments with respect to any acquisition or investment; however, we seek opportunities and transactions that management believes will be advantageous to the Company and its operations or prospects. To raise capital, we may sell Common Stock, convertible securities, or other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell Common Stock, convertible securities or other equity securities, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing stockholders, and new investors could gain rights, preferences, and privileges senior to the holders of our Common Stock, including the securities sold in this offering. The aggregate number of shares of our Common Stock that may be issued pursuant to stock awards under our 2020 Equity Compensation Plan as of September 30, 2025, is 2 shares. Increases in the number of shares available for future grant or purchase may result in additional dilution, which could cause our stock price to decline.

The SEC has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price of less than $5.00, other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or authorized for quotation on certain automated quotation systems, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system. If the price of our Common Stock is less than $5.00, our Common Stock will be deemed a penny stock. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document containing specified information. In addition, the penny stock rules require that before effecting any transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, a broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive (i) the purchaser's written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement; (ii) a written agreement to transactions involving penny stocks; and (iii) a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for our Common Stock, and therefore shareholders may have difficulty selling their shares.

The trading market for our Common Stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. Securities and industry analysts do not currently, and may never, publish research on our Company. If no securities or industry analysts commence coverage of our Company, the trading price for our stock would likely be negatively impacted. In the event securities or industry analysts initiate coverage, if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price may decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our Company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

Our common stock is listed for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol CETX. The trading volume fluctuates and there have been time periods during which the common stock trading volume has been limited. Management can make no assurances that trading volume will not be similarly limited in the future. Without an active trading market, there can be no assurance of any liquidity or resale value of the common stock, and stockholders may be required to hold their shares of common stock for an indefinite period of time.

Our certificate of incorporation does not restrict our ability to offer one or more additional new series of preferred stock, any or all of which may rank equally with or have preferences over our common stock as to dividend payments, voting rights, rights upon liquidation or other types of rights. We would have no obligation to consider the specific interests of the holders of common stock in creating any such new series of preferred stock or engaging in any such offering or transaction. Our creation of any new series of preferred stock or our engaging in any such offering or transaction could have a material adverse effect on holders of our common stock.

In the event of our liquidation, winding up or dissolution, our assets would be available to make payments to holders of all existing and future indebtedness and Series 1 preferred stock before payments to holders of our common stock. In the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or winding up, there may not be sufficient assets remaining, after paying amounts to the holders of our indebtedness and Series 1 preferred stock, to pay anything to common stockholders. As of September 30, 2025, we had total consolidated liabilities of approximately $39.1 million and 2,705,327 shares issued and 2,641,227 shares of Series 1 preferred stock outstanding. Any liquidation, winding up or dissolution of our company or of any of our wholly or partially owned subsidiaries would have a material adverse effect on holders of our common stock.

Our public offering completed in May 2024 included Series A and Series B warrants ("Series A Warrants" and "Series B Warrants") to purchase our common stock with initial exercise prices of $0.85 per share. As of December 2025, approximately 291,231 and 987,987 Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants, respectively, remain outstanding and the Series A Warrants have a current exercise price of $2.433, and the Series B Warrants have a current exercise price of $2.433. Series A Warrants may be exercised on an alternative cash basis where each warrant exercised will result in the Company issuing three shares of common stock. The Series B Warrants provide, subject to certain exemptions, that if we sell or issue, any common stock or convertible securities, at an effective price per share less than the exercise price of the Series B Warrant then in effect, or a Dilutive Issuance, the exercise price of the Series B Warrant will be reduced to an amount equal to the lowest daily volume weighted average price ("VWAP") during the period commencing five consecutive trading days following the Dilutive Issuance and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Series B Warrant shall be proportionally adjusted so that the aggregate exercise price of the Series B Warrant shall remain unchanged. Further, if at any time on or after the date of issuance there occurs any share split, share dividend, share combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction involving our common stock and the lowest daily VWAP during the five consecutive trading days prior to the date of such event and the five consecutive trading days after the date of such event is less than the exercise price then in effect, then the exercise price on the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants shall be reduced to the lowest daily VWAP during such period and the number of warrant shares issuable shall be increased such that the aggregate exercise price payable thereunder, after taking into account the decrease in the exercise price, shall be equal to the aggregate exercise price on the date of issuance. As a result of the 1 for 60 reverse stock split we completed on October 2, 2024, the exercise price of approximately 12,059,879 Series A Warrants were reset to $0.7466 and 13,529,410 Series B Warrants were reset to $0.7466 based on the lowest VWAP over the course of the five day trading period and the new amount of Series A Warrants as of this date became approximately 13,766,999 million, and the new amount of Series B Warrants as of this date became approximately 15,444,550. As a result of the 1 for 35 reverse stock split we completed on November 26, 2024, the exercise price of approximately 1,201,932 Series A Warrants were reset to $3.1488 and 15,444,550 Series B Warrants were reset to $3.1488 based on the lowest VWAP over the course of the five day trading period and the new amount of Series A Warrants as of this date became approximately 284,225, and the new amount of Series B Warrants as of this date became approximately 3,652,206. On May 29, 2025, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of common stock. At the time, the Company had 248,166 Series A Warrants and 3,318,556 Series B Warrants outstanding at an exercise price of $3.1488. According to the terms of the Series A and Series B warrants, in the event of a public offering, the exercise price resets to the lower of (i) the public offering price, or (ii) the lowest VWAP during the period commencing five (5) consecutive trading days commencing on the republic offering effective date and the number of warrants are adjusted as to keep the aggregate value of the warrants then outstanding remains unchanged. As a result of the 1 for 15 reverse stock split we completed on September 29, 2025 the exercise price of approximately 1,392,381 Series A Warrants were reset to $5.304 and 14,363,882 Series B Warrants were reset to $5.304 based on the lowest VWAP over the course of the five day trading period and the new amount of Series A Warrants as of this date became approximately 49,108, and the new amount of Series B Warrants as of this date became approximately 1,519,782. Further adjustments to the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrant exercise price and number of warrants may occur if we complete any additional transactions or complete another reverse stock split per the terms of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants. Although some of the holders of Series A and Series B Warrants have ownership limitations, if and when we do issue shares of common stock to holders of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants upon the exercise by the holder, such stockholders may resell all, some or none of those shares of common stock at any time or from time to time at their discretion. Resales of our common stock may cause the market price of our securities to drop significantly, regardless of the performance of our business.

The market price of our securities may fluctuate substantially due to a variety of factors, including: - our business strategy and plans;   - changing factors related to doing business in various jurisdictions within the United States;   - new regulatory pronouncements and changes in regulatory guidelines and timing of regulatory approvals;   - general and industry-specific economic conditions;   - additions to or departures of our key personnel;   - variations in our quarterly financial and operating results;   - changes in market valuations of other companies that operate in our business segments or in our industry;   - lack of trading liquidity;   - announcements about our business partners;   - intellectual property disputes;   - operating results below or exceeding expectations or period-to-period fluctuations in our financial results;   - whether we achieve profits or not;   - changes in accounting principles; and   - general market conditions, economic and other external factors. The market prices of the securities of early-stage companies, particularly companies like ours without consistent product revenues and earnings, have been highly volatile and are likely to remain highly volatile in the future. This volatility has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. In the past, companies that experience volatility in the market price of their securities have often faced securities class action litigation. Whether or not meritorious, litigation brought against us could result in substantial costs, divert our management's attention and resources, and harm our financial condition and results of operations.

Our common stock is listed for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market and our Series 1 Preferred Stock is quoted on the OTC Markets. If our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our securities in the public market, including the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of our stock options, those under our 2020 Equity Compensation Plan, and shares issued as consideration in future acquisitions, or the market perceives that such sales may occur, the market price of our securities could fall and we may be unable to sell our securities in the future.

Our certificate of incorporation limits the liability of directors to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that directors of a corporation will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors, except for liability for any: - breach of their duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;   - act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;   - unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases, or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; or   - transaction from which the directors derived an improper personal benefit. These limitations of liability do not apply to liabilities arising under the federal or state securities laws and do not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. Our bylaws provide that we will indemnify for our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law and may indemnify employees and other agents. Our bylaws also provide that we are obligated to advance expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of any action or proceeding. The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might provide a benefit to us and our stockholders. Our results of operations and financial condition may be harmed to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors or officers as to which indemnification is required or permitted, and we are not aware of any threatened litigation or proceeding that may result in a claim for indemnification.

We are a "controlled company" under Nasdaq Listing Rules. Approximately 90% of our outstanding voting shares, which includes our common stock, Series C preferred stock and Series 1 preferred stock, are beneficially held by Saagar Govil, our Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer. Pursuant to certificate of designation for our Series C preferred, each outstanding share of Series C Preferred Stock is entitled to the number of votes equal to the result of (i) the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at the time of such vote multiplied by 10.01, and divided by (ii) the total number of shares of Series C Preferred Stock outstanding at the time of such vote, at each meeting of our shareholders with respect to any and all matters presented to our shareholders for their action or consideration, including the election of directors. As a result of Saagar Govil's ownership of our common stock, Series C preferred stock, and Series 1 preferred stock, he controls, and will control in the future, substantially all matters requiring approval by the stockholders of our company, including the election of all directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. This could make it impossible for public stockholders to influence the affairs of our company.

To the extent we issue shares of common stock to effect a future business combination, the potential for the issuance of a substantial number of additional shares of common stock upon exercise of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants could make us a less attractive acquisition vehicle in the eyes of a target business. Such Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants, when exercised, will increase the number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock and reduce the value of the shares issued to complete the business combination. Accordingly, the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants may make it more difficult to effectuate a business combination or increase the cost of acquiring a target business. Additionally, the sale, or even the possibility of a sale, of the shares of common stock underlying the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our securities or on our ability to obtain future financing. If and to the extent the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.