Azul S.A. Sponsored ADR (AZUL) Risk Analysis

Our main shareholders, as well as our directors, officers and other affiliates, are able to sell additional preferred shares, including in the form of ADSs, and certain lock up agreements into which they had entered have expired. In addition, under our fifth amended and restated registration rights agreement, or the Registration Rights Agreement, which we entered into on August 3, 2016 with our main shareholders, we could be required to register additional preferred shares held by the shareholders who signed the Registration Rights Agreement with the SEC for future sale at any time commencing six months following our initial public offering. For further details of the Registration Rights Agreement, see "Item 7.A. Major Shareholders-Registration Rights Agreement." Sales of our preferred shares, including in the form of ADSs, made by our affiliates, including those effected by our directors, executive officers or controlling shareholders or those involving a large number of preferred shares or ADSs, or market perception of an intention to any of such sales, may negatively affect the trading price of our preferred shares, including in the form of ADSs.

The trading market for our preferred shares, including in the form of ADSs, depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price may be negatively impacted. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our preferred shares, including in the form of ADSs, could decline, which might cause the market price and trading volume of our preferred shares, including in the form of ADSs to decline.

We are a "foreign private issuer" within the meaning of the NYSE corporate governance standards. Under NYSE rules, a foreign private issuer may elect to comply with the practices of its home country and not comply with certain corporate governance requirements applicable to U.S. companies with securities listed on the exchange. We currently follow certain Brazilian practices concerning corporate governance and intend to continue to do so. We rely on certain exemptions as a foreign private issuer listed on the NYSE. For example, the NYSE rules require that a majority of the board must consist of independent directors. Independence is defined by various criteria, including the affirmative determination of the board of directors of absence of a material relationship between a director and the listed company. Under the listing standards of Level 2 segment of the B3, our board of directors must have at least five members, at least 20% of which must be independent. Also, Brazilian corporate law and the CVM have established rules that require directors to meet certain qualification requirements and that address the compensation and duties and responsibilities of, as well as the restrictions applicable to, a company's executive officers and directors. While our directors meet the qualification requirements of Brazilian corporate law and the CVM, we cannot guarantee that a majority of our directors would be considered independent under the NYSE rules. Pursuant to Brazilian corporate law and CVM Resolution No. 23, dated February 25, 2021, currently in force (which replaced CVM Instruction No. 308), the statutory audit committee is an advisory board to the board of directors, that if installed must be made up of independent members appointed by the board of directors, one of which must also be a member of the board, unlike NYSE rules, which require all audit committee members to also be members of the board of directors. While our audit committee is currently composed entirely of independent directors, our audit committee may not always meet all of the NYSE rules. In addition, we do not have a nominating committee as required for U.S. issuers under the NYSE rules and although we have a compensation committee and a corporate governance committee, we are not required to comply with the NYSE standards applicable to compensation or corporate governance committees of listed companies. Furthermore, the corporate disclosure requirements that apply to us may not be equivalent to the disclosure requirements that apply to a U.S. company and, as a result, you may receive less information about us than you would receive from a comparable U.S. company. We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. The disclosure requirements applicable to foreign private issuers under the Exchange Act are more limited than the disclosure requirements applicable to U.S. issuers. Publicly available information about issuers of securities listed on the CVM, which is provided in Portuguese, also provides less detail in certain respects than the information regularly published by listed companies in the United States or in certain other countries. Accordingly, holders of our ADSs will not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the NYSE corporate governance requirements. For a comparison of the foregoing requirements, see "Item 16.G. Corporate Governance".

An active and liquid public trading market for our preferred shares, including in the form of ADSs, may not be maintained. Active, liquid trading markets generally result in lower price volatility and more efficient purchases and sales of shares. If an active trading market is not maintained, the liquidity and price of our preferred shares, including in the form of ADSs, could be seriously harmed. The investment in marketable securities traded in emerging countries, such as Brazil, usually represents higher levels of risk as compared to investments in securities issued in countries whose political and economic situations are more stable, and in general, such investments are considered speculative in nature. The Brazilian capital market is substantially smaller, less liquid, more volatile, and more concentrated than major international capital markets. B3 exchange-listed companies had an aggregate market capitalization of R$4.1 trillion as of December 31, 2023 and a daily average trading volume of R$25.3 billion as December 31, 2023, according to B3. These market characteristics may substantially limit the capacity of holders of our preferred shares to sell them at the price and time of their preference and this may have an adverse effect on the market price of our preferred shares. In addition, the price of shares of companies in the worldwide airline industry are relatively volatile and investors' perception of the market value of these shares, including our preferred shares in the form of ADSs, may also be negatively impacted with additional volatility and decreases in the price of our ADSs and preferred shares.

We have established stock option and restricted share plans for key personnel, including our officers, certain managers and other key crewmembers. We estimate that as of December 31, 2023, 7.816.370 new preferred shares would have been issued if all of our vested options were exercised by the holders thereof at a weighted average strike price of R$12.93. The exercise of vested options by the holders thereof could result in substantial dilution in book value to investors if the public offering price for our preferred shares (including in the form of ADSs) is lower than the book value of such shares in the future upon the exercise of our stock options. See "Item 6.B. Management Compensation-Stock-Based Incentive Plans." Additionally, pursuant to the restructuring of our obligations with certain aircraft lessors and OEMs, certain lessors and OEMs entered into agreements pursuant to which such lessors and OEMs agreed to convert, in 12 equal quarterly consecutive installments, an aggregate of up to US$570.0 million of payment and other obligations owed to such lessors and OEMs into our preferred shares. For more information, see "Item 4.B. Business Overview-Restructuring- Aircraft Lessor and OEM Restructuring." In addition, in the event that we need to obtain capital for our operations by issuing new shares in the future, any such issuance may be made at a value below the book value of our preferred shares on the relevant date. In that event, the holders of our ADSs and preferred shares at such time would suffer an immediate and significant dilution of their investment.

As an ADS holder, you benefit from the electronic certificate of foreign capital registration obtained by the custodian for our preferred shares underlying the ADSs in Brazil, permitting the custodian to convert dividends and other distributions with respect to our preferred shares into non-Brazilian currency and remit the proceeds abroad. If you surrender your ADSs and withdraw preferred shares, you will be entitled to continue to rely on the custodian's electronic certificate of foreign capital registration for only five business days from the date of withdrawal. Thereafter, upon the disposition of distributions relating to our preferred shares, unless you obtain your own electronic certificate of foreign capital registration, or you qualify under Brazilian foreign investment regulations that entitle some foreign investors to buy and sell shares on Brazilian stock exchanges without obtaining separate electronic certificates of foreign capital registration, you would not be able to remit abroad non-Brazilian currency. In addition, if you do not qualify under the foreign investment regulations, you will generally be subject to less favorable tax treatment of dividends and distributions on, and the proceeds from any sale of, our preferred shares. If you attempt to obtain your own electronic certificate of foreign capital registration, you may incur expenses or suffer delays in the application process, which could delay your ability to receive dividends or distributions relating to our preferred shares or the return of your capital in a timely manner. The depositary's electronic certificate of foreign capital registration may also be adversely affected by future legislative changes.

We may, from time to time, offer preferred shares or other securities, or preemptive rights to acquire additional preferred shares or other securities to shareholders, including as a result of the Brazilian corporate law. We will not be able to offer such securities or rights to holders of ADSs unless a registration statement under the Securities Act is effective with respect to such preferred shares and preemptive rights, or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is available. We are not obligated to file such registration statement, and we cannot assure you that we will file a registration statement. If a registration statement is not filed and an exemption from registration does not exist, Citibank, N.A., as depositary, will attempt to sell such preemptive rights or securities, as the case may be, and you will be entitled to receive the proceeds of the sale. However, if the depositary is unable to sell these preemptive rights or securities, U.S. holders of ADSs will not receive any value in connection with such distribution. In the event that you are not entitled to preemptive rights or are unable or unwilling to exercise preemptive rights in connection with the preferred shares, including in the form of ADSs or other securities, your investment could be subjected to dilution.

In accordance with Brazilian corporate law and our bylaws, our controlling shareholder has the legal power to, among other things, elect the majority of our directors and determine the outcome of any action requiring shareholder approval. This power includes the ability to control decisions with respect to related party transactions (excluding transactions with a related party to the controlling shareholder himself), corporate restructurings, dispositions, partnerships, sale of all or substantially all of our assets, withdrawal of our shares from the Level 2 segment of the B3 and the time for payment of any future dividends. Our controlling shareholder may choose to enter into acquisitions, dispositions, partnerships or enter into loans and financing or other similar transactions for us that could conflict with the interests of investors and that may negatively affect us. As of December 31, 2023, our controlling shareholder owned, directly and indirectly, 67.0% of our voting capital (common shares), 2.1% of our preferred shares, and 49.8% of our total capital, in economic terms. In particular, due to our capital structure, the capital contributions made by the holders of our common shares to date were considerably lower than those made by the holders of our preferred shares, which means that our controlling shareholder has the right to direct our business, but has considerably less economic interest with respect to the results of our activities than holders of our preferred shares. This difference in economic interest may intensify conflicts of interests between our controlling shareholder and other shareholders.

We are a holding company that conducts its operations through a series of operating subsidiaries. We support these operating subsidiaries with technical and administrative services through our various other subsidiaries. All of the assets we use to perform administrative and technical services and to operate the concessions and authorizations are held at the subsidiary level. As a result, we do not have any material assets other than the shares of our subsidiaries. Dividends or payments that we may be required to make will be subject to the availability of cash provided by our subsidiaries. Transfers of cash from our subsidiaries to us may be further limited by corporate and legal requirements, or by the terms of the agreements governing our indebtedness. If a shareholder were to assert a claim against us, the enforcement of any related judgment would be limited to our available assets, rather than our assets and those of our combined subsidiaries.