Structurally High LeverageThe bank's debt-to-equity ratio of roughly 4–5x is structurally high for the group, amplifying sensitivity to credit deterioration and funding shocks. Elevated leverage constrains capital allocation, limits flexibility for organic growth or large write-offs, and raises regulatory and market scrutiny over the medium term.
Volatile Cash GenerationOperating and free cash flow swung from healthy levels to meaningful negatives in 2023–2024 before returning to positive in 2025. This uneven cash conversion reduces predictability of internal funding for loan growth, increases reliance on external funding, and weakens resilience during downturns.
Inconsistent Operating ProfitabilityUnderlying operating profitability is inconsistent, with volatile EBIT/EBITDA and margin swings across recent years. Such earnings instability complicates forecasting, undermines sustained ROE improvement and makes dividend and cost restructuring plans harder to rely on for long-term investors.