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Quhuo (QH) Risk Analysis
Risk Overview Q4, 2023
Source: the company's latest filing for the period ended Dec 31, 2023, filed Apr 17, 2024
Risk Change Over Time
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.
In order to raise additional capital, we may at any time, including during the pendency of the sale of the ADSs to VG, offer additional ADSs or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for the ADSs at prices that may not be the same as the price per ADS paid by investors. We may sell the ADSs or other securities in any other offering at a price per ADS that is less than the price per ADS paid by investors, and investors purchasing the ADSs or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing shareholders. The price per ADS at which we sell additional ADSs, or securities convertible or exchangeable into ADSs, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per ADS paid by investors.
- Debt & Financing - Risk 2We may not be able to access sufficient funds under the Purchase Agreement when needed.
Our ability to sell the ADSs to VG and obtain funds under the Purchase Agreement is limited by the terms and conditions in the Purchase Agreement, including restrictions on the amounts we may sell to VG at any one time. Therefore, we may not in the future have access to the full amount available to us under the Purchase Agreement, depending on the price of the ADSs. In addition, any amounts we sell under the Purchase Agreement may not satisfy all of our funding needs, even if we are able and choose to sell and issue all of the ADSs currently registered.
- Debt & Financing - Risk 3We may require additional financing to sustain our operations, and the terms of such subsequent financings may adversely impact our shareholders.
We may need additional capital to finance our future working capital needs, and we may have to raise funds through the issuance of equity or debt securities. Depending on the type and the terms of any financing we pursue, shareholders' rights and the value of their investment in the ADSs could be reduced. A financing could involve one or more types of securities including, but not limited to, the ADSs, convertible debt or warrants to acquire the ADSs. These securities could be issued at or below the then prevailing market price for the ADSs. In addition, if we issue secured debt securities, the holders of the debt would have a claim to our assets that would be prior to the rights of shareholders until the debt is paid. Interest on these debt securities would increase costs and negatively impact operating results. If the issuance of new securities results in diminished rights to holders of the ADSs, the market price of the ADSs could be negatively impacted. Should the financing we require to sustain our operations and working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequences of our inability to obtain such financing could be a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, and prospects.
Risk Highlights Q4, 2023
Risk Word Cloud
Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 90
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1AddedYou may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.
In order to raise additional capital, we may at any time, including during the pendency of the sale of the ADSs to VG, offer additional ADSs or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for the ADSs at prices that may not be the same as the price per ADS paid by investors. We may sell the ADSs or other securities in any other offering at a price per ADS that is less than the price per ADS paid by investors, and investors purchasing the ADSs or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing shareholders. The price per ADS at which we sell additional ADSs, or securities convertible or exchangeable into ADSs, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per ADS paid by investors.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2We have incurred and may continue to incur substantial share-based compensation expenses.
We have adopted an equity incentive plan that permits the grant of share options, restricted shares and restricted share units as equity-based awards, to our directors, officers, employees and consultants. We are required to recognize share-based compensation expenses based on the fair value of such share options granted to employees, officers, directors and consultants. We believe the granting of share-based compensation is important to our ability to attract, retain and motivate our management team and qualified employees, and we will continue to grant share-based compensation to employees in the future. We recorded share-based compensation expenses of RMB68.9 million, RMB19.8 million and RMB(0.5) million (US$(0.07) million) in 2021, 2022 and 2023 for options granted under a previous share incentive plan, respectively. As of the date of this annual report, we have granted options to purchase 9,502,550 ordinary shares under our 2019 Share Incentive Plan. See "Item 6-Directors, Senior Management and Employees-B. Compensation-Share Incentive Plan" for details. If we adopt new equity incentive plans in the future and grant additional share options or other equity incentives to our employees, directors or consultants thereunder, our expenses associated with share-based compensation may increase significantly, which may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3Any failure by the VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material adverse effect on our business.
We have relied and expect to continue to rely on the contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to operate our business in China. For a description of these contractual arrangements, see "Item 4. Information on the Company-C. Organizational Structure." However, these contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over the affiliated entities. Any of the affiliated entities, including the VIE and its shareholders, could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct their operations in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests. For example, the VIE may fail to pass the annual inspection of the ICP license, which would negatively impact our business operations. In the event that the shareholders of the VIE breach the terms of these contractual arrangements and voluntarily liquidate the VIE, or the VIE declares bankruptcy and all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, or are otherwise disposed of without our consent, we may be unable to conduct some or all of our business operations or otherwise benefit from the assets held by the affiliated entities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, if the VIE undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, its shareholders or unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of the assets of the VIE, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business as well as constrain our growth. Furthermore, we are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. As a holding company with no material operations of our own, we conduct substantially all of our operations through the affiliated entities. We receive the economic benefits of the affiliated entities' business operations through certain contractual arrangements. The ADSs listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market represents shares of our offshore holding company instead of shares of the VIE or its subsidiaries in China. We may not be able to continue to satisfy the applicable requirements and rules with respect to such structure. If we are unable to satisfy the Nasdaq Stock Market criteria for maintaining our listing, our securities could be subject to delisting. If the VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and contractual remedies, which we cannot assure you will be sufficient or effective under PRC law. Our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these agreements would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a consolidated variable interest entity should be interpreted or enforced under PRC law. There remain significant uncertainties regarding the ultimate outcome of such arbitration should legal action become necessary. In addition, under PRC law, rulings by arbitrators are final, parties cannot appeal the arbitration results in courts, and if the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay. In the event that we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to direct the activities of the affiliated entities that most significantly impact their economic performance, and our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected. See "-Risks Related to Doing Business in China-Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us."
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4The shareholders of the VIE may have actual or potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The shareholders of the VIE may have actual or potential conflicts of interest with us. These shareholders may breach, or cause the VIE to breach, or refuse to renew, the existing contractual arrangements we have with them and the VIE, which would have a material adverse effect on our ability to direct the activities of the affiliated entities that most significantly impact their economic performance and receive economic benefits from them. For example, the shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with the VIE to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise any or all of these shareholders will act in the best interests of our company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor. Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between these shareholders and our company. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and these shareholders, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainties as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices for corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the corporate governance listing standards.
The ADSs are listed on Nasdaq. The Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. We have relied on and plan to continue to rely on home country practice with respect to our corporate governance. For example, we do not have a majority of independent directors serving on our board of directors. We have also elected to not have our compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee consist of entirely independent directors. See "Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees-C. Board Practices" for details. As a result, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would enjoy under the Nasdaq rules applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.
Because we are a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including: - the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K with the SEC;- the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;- the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and - the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD. We are required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we intend to publish our results on a quarterly basis through press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely than that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements.
We are an "emerging growth company," as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, most significantly, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for so long as we remain an emerging growth company. The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. This election allows us to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies, and as a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with public company effective dates, including other emerging growth companies that have not made this election.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 8We are a "controlled company" as defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. As a result, we are qualified for, and can rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that would otherwise provide protection to shareholder of other companies.
We are a "controlled company" as defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules as Mr. Leslie Yu, our chairman and chief executive officer, holds a majority of the aggregate voting power of our company. For so long as we remain a controlled company, we may rely on certain exemptions from the corporate governance rules, including the rule that we have to establish a nominating and corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors. As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements. Even if we cease to be a controlled company, we may still rely on exemptions available to foreign private issuers, including being able to adopt home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters. See "-As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices for corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the corporate governance listing standards" and "-We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies."
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 9Our dual-class voting structure will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial.
Our authorized and issued ordinary shares are divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares (with certain shares remaining undesignated, with power for our directors to designate and issue such classes of shares as they think fit), and the ADSs represent Class A ordinary shares. Holders of Class A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B ordinary shares are entitled to 480 votes per share. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof, while Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Mr. Leslie Yu, our chairman and chief executive officer, has control over us and our corporate matter. As of April 10, 2024, Mr. Yu beneficially owned all of our issued Class B ordinary shares. These Class B ordinary shares constitute approximately 6.1% of our total issued and outstanding share capital and 96.9% of the aggregate voting power of our total issued and outstanding share capital due to the disparate voting powers associated with our dual-class share structure. See "Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees-E. Share Ownership." As a result of the dual-class share structure and the concentration of ownership, Mr. Yu has considerable influence over matters such as decisions regarding mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could have the effect of depriving our other shareholders of the opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and may reduce the price of the ADSs. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions that holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 10The dual-class structure of our ordinary shares may adversely affect the trading market for the ADSs.
Certain shareholder advisory firms have announced changes to their eligibility criteria for inclusion of shares of public companies on certain indices, including the S&P 500, to exclude companies with multiple classes of shares and companies whose public shareholders hold no more than 5% of total voting power from being added to such indices. In addition, several shareholder advisory firms have announced their opposition to the use of multiple class structures. As a result, the dual class structure of our ordinary shares may prevent the inclusion of the ADSs representing Class A ordinary shares in such indices and may cause shareholder advisory firms to publish negative commentary about our corporate governance practices or otherwise seek to cause us to change our capital structure. Any such exclusion from indices could result in a less active trading market for the ADSs. Any actions or publications by shareholder advisory firms critical of our corporate governance practices or capital structure could also adversely affect the value of the ADSs.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 11Our memorandum and articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could have a material adverse effect on the rights of holders of our ordinary shares and the ADSs.
Our memorandum and articles of association contain provisions which could limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction. Our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our ordinary shares, in the form of ADS or otherwise. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue preferred shares, the price of the ADSs may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs may be materially and adversely affected. However, under Cayman Islands law, our board of directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our memorandum and articles of association for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the interest of our company.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 12The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors.
The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, like the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in the United States. A number of Chinese companies have listed or are in the process of listing their securities on U.S. stock markets. The securities of some of these companies have experienced significant volatility, including price declines in connection with their initial public offerings. The trading performances of these Chinese companies' securities after their offerings may affect the attitudes of investors toward Chinese companies listed in the United States in general and consequently may impact the trading performance of the ADSs, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, any negative news or perceptions about inadequate corporate governance practices or fraudulent accounting, corporate structure or matters of other Chinese companies may also negatively affect the attitudes of investors towards Chinese companies in general, including us, regardless of whether we have conducted any inappropriate activities. Furthermore, securities markets may, from time to time, experience significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to our operating performance, which may have a material and adverse effect on the trading price of the ADSs. In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for the ADSs may be highly volatile for factors specific to our own operations, including the following: - variations in our revenues, earnings and cash flow;- announcements of new investments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships or joint ventures by us or our competitors;- announcements of new services and expansions by us or our competitors;- announcements of new policies, rules or regulations relating to the internet or the consumer services industry in China;- changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;- detrimental adverse publicity about us, our services, our competitors or our industry;- additions or departures of key personnel;- fluctuations of exchange rates between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar;- release of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities; and - potential litigation or regulatory investigations. Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which the ADSs will trade. In the past, shareholders of public companies have often brought securities class action suits against those companies following periods of instability in the market price of their securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management's attention and other resources from our business and operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit, which could harm our results of operations. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 13If we do not satisfy the requirements for continued listing on Nasdaq Stock Market, the ADSs could be suspended or delisted from Nasdaq.
The ADSs are currently listed on the Nasdaq Global Market. The Nasdaq Listing Rules has minimum requirements that a company must meet for continued listing on the Nasdaq Global Market. On March 1, 2022, we received a notice from Nasdaq that we had failed to comply with the minimum closing bid price requirement set forth in Rule 5450(a)(1) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. On August 29, 2022, we received a notification letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of the Nasdaq Stock Market, informing us that we had regained compliance with the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1), since the closing bid price of the ADSs had been at $1.00 per ADS or greater for 10 consecutive business days from August 12 through August 26, 2022. In addition, on May 18, 2022, we received a notification letter from Nasdaq that we failed to comply with Rule 5250(c)(1) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules since we had not yet filed our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. The delay in filing our annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 resulted from our failure to compile all the information necessary to complete our annual financial statements. After we submitted a plan to regain compliance, Nasdaq ultimately granted us an extension until November 14, 2022 to file our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 and thereby regain compliance with Rule 5250(c)(1) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. We filed our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 on September 9, 2022. We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to meet the financial and corporate governance requirements to qualify for continued listing, including the minimum bid price requirement of at least US$1.00 per ADS pursuant to Rule 5450(a)(1) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules and the requirement to timely file all required periodic financial reports with the SEC pursuant to Rule 5250(c)(1) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. The issuance and sale of any securities in the future may be dilutive to our existing shareholders and may cause the price of the ADSs to decline. The issuance of additional shares by us that has the effect of reducing the price of the trading price of ADSs may also prevent us from being able to maintain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1), which may result in the ADSs being suspended or delisted from the Nasdaq Global Market. If a suspension or delisting of the ADSs were to occur, there would be significantly less liquidity in the suspended or delisted ADSs. In addition, our ability to raise additional capital through equity or debt financing would be greatly impaired.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 14If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding the ADSs, the market price for the ADSs and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for the ADSs will be influenced by research or reports that industry or securities analysts publish about our business. If one or more analysts who cover us downgrade the ADSs, the market price for the ADSs would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the market price or trading volume for the ADSs to decline.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 15You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law and conduct our operations primarily in China.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, as amended from time to time, and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records (other than the memorandum and articles of associations, our register of mortgages and charges and special resolutions of our shareholders) or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors have discretion under our articles of association to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obligated to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, differ significantly from requirements for companies incorporated in other jurisdictions such as the United States. If we choose to follow home country practice, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under rules and regulations applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. In addition, we conduct substantially all of our business operations in China, and substantially all of our directors and senior management are based in China, which is an emerging market. The SEC, U.S. Department of Justice and other authorities often have substantial difficulties in bringing and enforcing actions against non-U.S. companies and non-U.S. persons, including company directors and officers, in certain emerging markets, including China. Additionally, our public shareholders may have limited rights and few practical remedies in emerging markets where we operate, as shareholder claims that are common in the United States, including class action securities law and fraud claims, generally are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in many emerging markets, including China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to obtaining information needed for shareholder investigations or litigation outside China or otherwise with respect to foreign entities. Although the local authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, the regulatory cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the Unities States has not been efficient in the absence of a mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. According to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law which became effective in March 2020, no foreign securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the territory of the PRC. Accordingly, without the consent of the competent PRC securities regulators and relevant authorities, no organization or individual may provide the documents and materials relating to securities business activities to foreign securities regulators. As a result of the foregoing, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 16Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company and all of our assets are located outside of the United States. All of our current operations are conducted in China. In addition, most of our current directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. All or a substantial portion of the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against us, our assets, our directors and officers or their assets.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 17The voting rights of holders of ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement, and you may not be able to exercise your right to vote your Class A ordinary shares.
As a holder of the ADSs, you will only be able to exercise the voting rights with respect to the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Under the deposit agreement, you must vote by giving voting instructions to the depositary. Upon receipt of your voting instructions, the depositary will vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs in accordance with these instructions. You will not be able to directly exercise your right to vote with respect to the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs unless you withdraw such shares. Under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the minimum notice period required for convening a general meeting is ten calendar days. When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient advance notice to withdraw the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs to allow you to vote with respect to any specific matter. If we ask for your instructions, the depositary will notify you of the upcoming vote and will arrange to deliver our voting materials to you. We cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote your shares. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for their manner of carrying out your voting instructions. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to vote and you may have no legal remedy if the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs are not voted as you requested.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 18We and the depository are entitled to amend the deposit agreement and to change the rights of ADSs holders under the terms of such agreement, and we may terminate the deposit agreement, without the prior consent of the ADSs holders.
We and the depository are entitled to amend the deposit agreement and to change the rights of the ADSs holders under the terms of such agreement, without the prior consent of the ADSs holders. We and the depositary may agree to amend the deposit agreement in any way we decide is necessary or advantageous to us. Amendments may reflect, among other things, operational changes in the ADS program, legal developments affecting ADSs or changes in the terms of our business relationship with the depositary. In the event that the terms of an amendment are disadvantageous to ADSs holders, ADSs holders will only receive 30 days' advance notice of the amendment, and no prior consent of the ADSs holders is required under the deposit agreement. Furthermore, we may decide to terminate the ADS facility at any time for any reason. For example, terminations may occur when we decide to list our shares on a non-U.S. securities exchange and determine not to continue to sponsor an ADS facility or when we become the subject of a takeover or a going-private transaction. If the ADS facility will terminate, ADSs holders will receive at least 90 days' prior notice, but no prior consent is required from them. Under the circumstances that we decide to make an amendment to the deposit agreement that is disadvantageous to ADSs holders or terminate the deposit agreement, the ADSs holders may choose to sell their ADSs or surrender their ADSs and become direct holders of the underlying Class A ordinary shares, but will have no right to any compensation whatsoever.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 19Your rights to pursue claims against the depositary as a holder of ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement.
As a holder of the ADSs, you are a party to the deposit agreement under which the ADSs are issued. Under the deposit agreement, any action or proceeding against or involving the depositary arising out of or based upon the deposit agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby or by virtue of you owning the ADSs (including any such action or proceeding that may arise under the U.S. federal securities laws) may only be instituted in a state or federal court in New York, New York. In addition, under the deposit agreement, you, as a holder of the ADSs, will have irrevocably waived any objection which you may have to the laying of venue of any such proceeding and irrevocably submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such action or proceeding. Such exclusive jurisdiction may, among other things, discourage lawsuits against or involving us or the depositary, lead to increased costs to bring a claim or limit your ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum you find favorable. In addition, the depositary may, in its sole discretion, require that any claim or dispute arising from the relationship created by the deposit agreement, including any claims under the U.S. federal securities laws and claims not in connection with our initial public offering in July 2020, be referred to and finally settled by an arbitration conducted in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association. As arbitration provisions in commercial agreements have generally been respected by federal courts and state courts of New York, we believe that the arbitration provisions in the deposit agreement are enforceable under federal law and the laws of the State of New York. If the depositary elects to have any claim or dispute arising under the deposit agreement be referred to and finally settled by an arbitration, this could result in increased costs to bring a claim, limited access to information and other imbalances of resources between you as ADS holders and us, and could place limits on the ability of you as ADS holders to bring a claim in an arbitration forum that you may find favorable. Furthermore, we may amend or terminate the deposit agreement without your consent. If you continue to hold your ADSs after an amendment to the deposit agreement, you agree to be bound by the terms and subject to the conditions of the deposit agreement as amended.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 20ADSs holders may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under the deposit agreement, which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.
The deposit agreement governing the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, ADSs holders waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to our shares, the ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws. If we or the depositary opposed a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with the applicable state and federal law. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of New York, which govern the deposit agreement, by a federal or state court in the City of New York, which has non-exclusive jurisdiction over matters arising under the deposit agreement. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision, courts will generally consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived the right to a jury trial. We believe that this is the case with respect to the deposit agreement and the ADSs. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before entering into the deposit agreement. If you or any other holders or beneficial owners of ADSs bring a claim against us or the depositary in connection with matters arising under the deposit agreement or the ADSs, including claims under federal securities laws, you or such other holder or beneficial owner may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to such claims, which may, among other things, limit and discourage lawsuits against us and/or the depositary and lead to limited access to information and other imbalances of resources between you as ADS holders and us. If a lawsuit is brought against us and/or the depositary under the deposit agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in different outcomes than a trial by jury would have had, including results that could be less favorable to the plaintiff(s) in any such action. Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver provision is not permitted by applicable law, an action could proceed under the terms of the deposit agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the deposit agreement or ADSs serves as a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of ADSs or by us or the depositary of compliance with any provision of the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
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