McGraw Hill, Inc. (MH) Risk Analysis

Sales of a substantial amount of shares of our Common Stock in the public market, particularly sales by our directors, executive officers and significant stockholders, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline and may make it more difficult for stockholders to sell their Common Stock at a time and price that they deem appropriate. As of March 31, 2026, we had a total of 191,146,027 shares of our Common Stock outstanding. Sales of a substantial number of such shares or the perception that such sales may occur could cause our market price to fall or make it more difficult for stockholders to sell their Common Stock at a time and price that they deem appropriate.

The sale of substantial amounts of shares of our Common Stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of our Common Stock. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell shares of our Common Stock in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. As of March 31, 2026, we had a total of 191,146,027 shares of our Common Stock outstanding. Platinum has and will continue to have the right, subject to certain exceptions and conditions, to require us to register its shares of Common Stock under the Securities Act, and it will have the right to participate in future registrations of securities by us. See "Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions and Director Independence-Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions-Investor Rights Agreement." Registration of any of these outstanding shares of Common Stock would result in such shares becoming freely tradable without compliance with Rule 144 upon effectiveness of the registration statement. By exercising its registration rights and selling a large number of shares, Platinum could cause the prevailing market price of our shares of Common Stock to decline. These factors could make it more difficult for us to raise additional funds through future offerings of our shares of Common Stock or other securities.

Our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides, subject to limited exceptions, that unless we consent to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of any fiduciary duty owed by, or other wrongdoing by, any of our directors, officers, employees or agents to us or our stockholders, creditors or other constituents, or a claim of aiding and abetting any such breach of fiduciary duty, (3) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws, (4) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the second amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws, (5) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the State of Delaware or (6) any action asserting an "internal corporate claim," as that term is defined in Section 115 of the DGCL. As described below, this provision does not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or Exchange Act, or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation also provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the U.S. federal district courts will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any actions or proceedings asserting claims arising under the Securities Act against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees. To the extent that any such claims may be based upon federal law claims, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Neither the exclusive forum provision nor the federal forum provision of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation applies to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act. Accordingly, actions by our stockholders to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder must be brought in federal court. Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. However, our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains a federal forum provision which provides that unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Our decision to adopt such a federal forum provision followed a decision by the Supreme Court of the State of Delaware holding that such provisions are facially valid under Delaware law. While there can be no assurances that federal or state courts will follow the holding of the Delaware Supreme Court or determine that our federal forum provision should be enforced in a particular case, application of our federal forum provision means that suits brought by our stockholders to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act must be brought in federal court and cannot be brought in state court. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum provisions in our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation, including the federal forum provision. Additionally, our stockholders cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and rules and regulations thereunder. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

The trading market for our Common Stock relies and will continue to rely in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We do not control these analysts. Furthermore, if one or more of the analysts who do cover us downgrade our stock or our industry, or the stock of any of our competitors or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts stop covering us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

The price of our Common Stock has been and may continue to be volatile, and stockholders may not be able to resell their shares at or above the public offering price due to a number of factors such as those listed in "-Risks Related to Our Customer Markets" and the following: - results of operations that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors;- results of operations that vary from those of our competitors compared to market expectations;- changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates and investment recommendations by securities analysts and investors;- changes in market valuations of, or earnings and other announcements by, companies in our industry;- declines in the market prices of stocks generally, particularly those of information technology companies;- departures of key management personnel;- strategic actions by us or our competitors;- announcements by us, our competitors or our vendors of significant contracts, price reductions, new products or technologies, acquisitions, joint marketing relationships, joint ventures, other strategic relationships or capital commitments;- changes in preference of our customers;- changes in general economic or market conditions or trends in our industry or the economy as a whole and, in particular, in the consumer spending environment;- changes in business or regulatory conditions which adversely affect our industry or us;- future issuances, exchanges or sales, or expected issuances, exchanges or sales of our Common Stock or other securities;- investor perceptions of or the investment opportunity associated with our Common Stock relative to other investment alternatives;- investors' responses to press releases or other public announcements by us or third parties, including our filings with the SEC;- adverse resolutions relating to new or pending litigation or governmental investigations;- guidance, if any, that we provide to the public, any changes in this guidance or our failure to meet this guidance;- the development and sustainability of an active trading market for our stock;- changes in accounting principles; and - other events or factors, including those resulting from informational technology system failures and disruptions, natural disasters, war, acts of terrorism or responses to these events. Furthermore, the stock market has experienced, and may continue to experience, extreme volatility that, in some cases, may be unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of our Common Stock is low. In the past, following periods of market volatility, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of executive management from our business regardless of the outcome of such litigation.

Certain provisions of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, defer or prevent a merger, acquisition, tender offer, takeover attempt or other change of control transaction that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders. Among other things, these provisions: - entitle Platinum, for so long as Platinum has the right to nominate for election to our board of directors at least one director pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement, to designate a director nominated by Platinum who is then-serving on our board of directors as the chair of our board of directors;- permit our board of directors to establish the number of directors; provided, however, that prior to the date that Platinum beneficially owns less than 40% of the total voting power of all then-outstanding shares of our stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, the prior written consent of Platinum is required in order to increase the number of directors to a number exceeding nine;- permit our board of directors to fill vacancies and newly created directorships, subject to the rights granted to Platinum pursuant to our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the Investor Rights Agreement;- establish a classified board of directors, as a result of which our board of directors is divided into three classes, with each class serving for staggered three-year terms;- provide for the removal of directors only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 and 2/3% of the shares of Common Stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors if Platinum and its affiliates cease to beneficially own at least 40% of shares of Common Stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors;- provide that, for so long as Platinum has the right to nominate for election to our board of directors at least one director pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement, unless otherwise agreed by Platinum, each committee of our board of directors will include at least one director nominated by Platinum, except to the extent such membership would violate applicable securities laws or stock exchange or stock market rules, or where the sole purpose of such committee is to address actual or potential conflicts of interest between Platinum and the Company;- provide for the ability of our board of directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock, including "blank check" preferred stock;- designate Delaware as the sole forum for certain litigation against us;- provide for advance notice requirements for nominations of directors by stockholders and for stockholders to include matters to be considered at our annual stockholder meetings;- provide certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings in the event Platinum beneficially owns less than 40% of the voting power of all outstanding shares of our stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors;- prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors;- provide that actions by our stockholders be taken only at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders, and not by written consent, in the event Platinum beneficially owns less than 40% of the voting power of all outstanding shares of our stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors;- require that prior to the date that Platinum beneficially owns less than 30% of the total voting power of all then-outstanding shares of our stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, a quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings of the board of directors must include at least one director nominated by Platinum;- provide (i) that the board of directors is expressly authorized to alter or repeal our amended and restated bylaws and (ii) that our stockholders may only amend our amended and restated bylaws with the approval of 66 and 2/3% or more of all of the outstanding shares of our stock entitled to vote, in the event Platinum beneficially owns less than 40% of the total voting power of all then-outstanding shares of our stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors; provided, however, that any such alteration or amendment which would adversely affect the rights of Platinum set forth in our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws shall require the prior written consent of Platinum. This would provide Platinum with a consent right over any such amendments;- provide that certain provisions of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation may be amended only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 and 2/3% in voting power of the outstanding shares of our stock entitled to vote, in the event Platinum beneficially owns less than 40% of the total voting power of all then-outstanding shares of our stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors; provided, however, that any such alteration or amendment which would adversely affect the rights of Platinum set forth in our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws shall require the prior written consent of Platinum. This would provide Platinum with a consent right over any such amendments; and - provide that no decrease in the authorized number of directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director, including, without limitation, any Platinum director. Any provision of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our Common Stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Common Stock. In addition, our stockholders may be limited in their ability to obtain a premium for their shares. In addition, pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement, Platinum has the right to designate nominees to our board of directors subject to the maintenance of certain ownership requirements with respect to shares of our capital stock. See "Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions and Director Independence-Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions-Investor Rights Agreement." The Investor Rights Agreement also provides that we will not, without the prior consent of Platinum, grant to any person the right to require that we register any securities or the right to require that we include securities owned by such person in any registration by us, unless under the terms of such arrangement Platinum may include securities in such registration and then only to the extent that the inclusion of securities owned by such person does not limit the number of registrable securities included or adversely affect the offering price. In addition, subject to the terms of the Investor Rights Agreement, we will not effect a stock split, recapitalization or take any similar action with respect to our shares of Common Stock that would materially and adversely affect the ability of Platinum to include registrable securities in a registration statement pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement or that would adversely affect the marketability of such registrable securities in such registration statement in any material respect.

Platinum holds more than a majority of the voting power of our outstanding Common Stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors. Platinum is, and will be, able to control the election and removal of our directors and thereby control our policies and operations, including the appointment of management, future issuances of our Common Stock or other securities, payment of dividends, if any, on our Common Stock, the incurrence or modification of indebtedness by us, amendment of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and the entering into of extraordinary transactions, and their interests may not in all cases be aligned with the interests of our other stockholders. This concentration of voting control could deprive stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares of Common Stock as part of a sale of our company and ultimately might affect the market price of our Common Stock. This concentration of ownership may also adversely affect our share price. The Investor Rights Agreement grants Platinum the right to nominate for election to our board of directors no fewer than that number of directors that would constitute: (i) a majority of the total number of directors so long as Platinum beneficially owns at least 40% of the then-outstanding capital stock of the Company; (ii) 40% of the total number of directors so long as Platinum owns at least 30% but less than 40% of the then-outstanding capital stock of the Company; (iii) 30% of the total number of directors so long as Platinum owns at least 20% but less than 30% of the then-outstanding capital stock of the Company; (iv) 20% of the total number of directors so long as Platinum owns at least 10% but less than 20% of the then-outstanding capital stock of the Company; and (v) 10% of the total number of directors so long as Platinum owns at least 5% but less than 10% of the then-outstanding capital stock of the Company. These nomination rights are further described in the sections titled "Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions and Director Independence-Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions-Investor Rights Agreement" and "Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance-Board of Directors Composition." Platinum has, and will continue to have, significant influence with respect to our management, business plans and policies, including the appointment and removal of our directors and officers and the power to approve or deny the amendment of certain provisions of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws. In the event that Platinum ceases to own shares of our stock representing 40% of the total voting power, for so long as Platinum continues to own a significant percentage of our stock, it will still be able to significantly influence or effectively control the composition of our board of directors and the approval of actions requiring stockholder approval through its voting power. The Investor Rights Agreement along with our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation entitle Platinum, for so long as Platinum has the right to nominate for election to our board of directors at least one director pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement, to (i) designate a director nominated by Platinum who is then-serving on our board of directors as the chair of our board of directors and (ii) include, on each committee of our board of directors, at least one director nominated by Platinum, except to the extent such membership would violate applicable securities laws or stock exchange or stock market rules, or where the sole purpose of such committee is to address actual or potential conflicts of interest between Platinum and the Company. See "Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions and Director Independence-Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions-Investor Rights Agreement." In addition, pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement, for so long as Platinum has the right to nominate for election to our board of directors at least one director pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement, upon Platinum's request, the Company will vote its shares in any subsidiary of the Company so as to elect a number of persons designated by Platinum to the board of directors or other similar governing body (or any committee thereof) of any subsidiary of the Company in proportion to Platinum's representation on our board of directors. Certain provisions of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may be amended only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 and 2/3% in voting power of the outstanding shares of our stock entitled to vote in the event Platinum beneficially owns less than 40% of the total voting power of all then-outstanding shares of our stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors; provided, however, that any such alteration or amendment which would adversely affect the rights of Platinum set forth in our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws shall require the prior written consent of Platinum. This would provide Platinum with a consent right over any such amendments. Platinum is in the business of making investments in companies and may from time to time acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us or whose interests are otherwise not aligned with ours. Our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that neither Platinum nor any of its affiliates or any director who is not employed by us or his or her affiliates will have any duty to refrain from engaging, directly or indirectly, in the same business activities or similar business activities or lines of business in which we operate. Platinum and its affiliates also may pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us.