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Entrepreneur Universe Bright Group (EUBG) Risk Analysis

Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning. Entrepreneur Universe Bright Group disclosed 54 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. Entrepreneur Universe Bright Group reported the most risks in the “Legal & Regulatory” category.

Risk Overview Q3, 2024

Source: the company's latest filing for the period ended Sep 30, 2024, filed Nov 13, 2024

Risk Distribution
54Risks
Sector Avg.Finance & CorporateTech & InnovationLegal & RegulatoryProductionAbility to SellMacro & Political
Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy

Risk Change Over Time

Entrepreneur Universe Bright Group disclosed risks per quarterNo. of Risks54Q4Q12023Q2Q3Q4Q12024Q3Showing: Q4, 2023
Risks removedRisks addedRisks changedEntrepreneur Universe Bright Group Risk Factors
  • Regulation - Risk 1
    The recent state government interference into business supervision onbusiness activities on U.S. listed Chinese companies may negatively impact our existing and future operations in China. The Chinese PRC government may intervene in or influence exert more supervision over our operations at any time, operations, which could result in have a material change in adverse effect on our operations and significantly and adversely impact the value of the Company's common stock, including potentially causing the value of the Company's common stock to decline or be worthless.

    The PRC government has significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business as the government deems appropriate to further regulatory, political and societal goals. To the extent that the cash and assets in our business are in our PRC subsidiary and/or Hong Kong subsidiary, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC and/or Hong Kong due to the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of us or our subsidiaries by the PRC government to transfer cash or assets. Any such influence on our business operations or action to exert more oversight and supervision over the cash or assets of our subsidiaries could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and the value of our stock, or significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or in extreme cases, become worthless. The PRC government has recently published new policies that significantly affected certain industries such as the education and internet industries, and we cannot rule out the possibility that it will in the future release regulations or policies regarding the marketing consulting industry that could require us to seek permission from Chinese authorities to continue to operate our business, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, recent statements made by the PRC government have sought to increase the government's oversight and supervision over offerings of companies with significant operations in China that are to be conducted in foreign markets, as well as foreign investment in China-based issuers like us. Any such action, if taken by the PRC government, could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer common stocks to our investors and could cause the value of the Company's common stock to significantly decline or become worthless. Recently, the PRC government announced that it would step up supervision of Chinese companies listed offshore. Under the new measures, China will improve regulation of cross-border data flows and security, crack down on illegal activity in the securities market and punish fraudulent securities issuance, market manipulation and insider trading, China will also check sources of funding for securities investment and control leverage ratios. The Cyberspace Administration of China ("CAC") has also opened a cybersecurity probe into several U.S.-listed tech giants focusing on anti-monopoly, financial technology regulation and more recently, with the passage of the Data Security Law, how companies collect, store, process and transfer data. Though the Company is a Nevada corporation, we through our PRC subsidiary, are headquartered and have operations in China. We currently do not, and we do not plan to use variable interest entities to execute our business plan or to conduct our China-based operations. However, because our operations are in China and our major shareholders are located in China, there is a risk that the PRC government may exert certain supervision over operations of companies with operations in China, including its ability to offer securities to investors, list its securities on a U.S. or other foreign exchange, conduct its business or accept foreign investment. In light of China's recent announcements, there are risks and uncertainties which we cannot foresee for the time being, and rules and regulations can change from time to time. The PRC government may exert more supervision over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in issuers likes ourselves. If any or all of the foregoing were to occur, this could lead to a material change in the Company's operations and/or the value of its common stock and/or significantly limit or completely hinder its ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Overseas Listing Trial Measures and five supporting guidelines, which became effective on March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the Overseas Listing Trial Measures, PRC domestic companies that directly or indirectly offer or list their securities in an overseas market, which include (i) any PRC company limited by shares, and (ii) any offshore company that conducts its business operations primarily in China and contemplates to offer or list its securities in an overseas market based on its onshore equities, assets or similar interests, are required to file with the CSRC within three business days after its application for overseas listing is submitted. Furthermore, if any PRC company that has directly or indirectly listed securities in overseas markets conducts follow-on offering of securities in such overseas markets, it shall fulfill the filing procedures with and report relevant information to the CSRC, too. Failure to complete the filing under the Overseas Listing Trial Measures may subject us to rectification ordered by the CSRC, warning, and fine of RMB1 million to RMB10 million. In addition, we shall report to the CSRC upon occurrence of certain material events, including change of control, investigations or sanctions imposed by overseas securities regulatory authorities, change of listing status or transfer of listing segment, and voluntary or mandatory delisting. The Overseas Listing Trial Measures may subject us to additional compliance requirements in the future, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to get the clearance of filing procedures under the Overseas Listing Trial Measures on a timely basis, or at all. Any failure of us to fully comply with new regulatory requirements may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer the Company's common stock, cause significant disruption to our business operations, and severely damage our reputation, which would materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and cause the Company's common stock to significantly decline in value or become worthless.

  • Regulation - Risk 2
    Chinese law PRC laws prohibits or restricts companies belonging to foreign countries from operating some certain businesses.

    According to PRC laws, some businesses are not allowed to be operated by the companies whose ownership is not a Chinese company. We are a US company registered in Nevada. Each company in our organization chart is a subsidiary. The legality and effectiveness of this control method are accorded with PRC laws and regulations. On October 26, 2022, China's National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) issued the 2022 edition of the Catalogue of Encouraged Industries for Foreign Investment ("FI encouraged catalogue"). According to the FI encouraged catalogue, Article 8, Section 449, foreign investment on the business of consulting services is encouraged. However, we are uncertain that the laws will remain to allow foreign owned Chinese companies to engage in consultancy services business.

  • Regulation - Risk 3
    The PRC government has the ability to exert substantial control supervision over any offering or listing of securities conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, and, as a result, may limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

    The PRC government recently initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in China, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas using the variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. For example, in July 2021, the relevant PRC government authorities made public the Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law, which emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas listings by China-based companies and proposed to take effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems to deal with the risks and incidents faced by China-based overseas listed companies. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Overseas Listing Trial Measures and five relevant guidelines which took effect from March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the Overseas Listing Trial Measures, we are required to file with the CSRC within three business days upon completion of any subsequent securities offering in the overseas markets where our securities are currently listed on. Furthermore, if we intend to offer or list our securities in other overseas markets, we need to file with CSRC within three business days of submitting the application documents for the offering or listing. Failure to perform our filing obligations may result in penalties imposed on the PRC Company and responsible officers. In addition, we shall report to the CSRC upon occurrence of certain material events, including change of control, investigations or sanctions imposed by overseas securities regulatory authorities, change of listing status or transfer of listing segment, and voluntary or mandatory delisting. On February 24, 2023, the CSRC and other PRC governmental authorities jointly issued the revised Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the "Revised Confidentiality Provisions"), which came into effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Revised Confidentiality Provisions, Chinese companies that directly or indirectly conduct overseas offerings and listings, shall strictly abide by the laws and regulations on confidentiality when providing or publicly disclosing, either directly or through their overseas listed entities, materials to securities services providers. In the event such materials contain state secrets or working secrets of government agencies, the Chinese companies shall first obtain approval from authorities, and file with the secrecy administrative department at the same level with the approving authority; in the event that such materials, if divulged, will jeopardize national security or public interest, the Chinese companies shall comply with procedures stipulated by national regulations. The Chinese companies shall also provide a written statement of the specific sensitive information provided when providing materials to securities service providers, and such written statements shall be retained for inspection. However, the interpretation and implementation of the Revised Confidentiality Provisions remain substantially uncertain. On November 14, 2021, the CAC released the Draft Regulation, which requires, among other things, that a prior cybersecurity review be conducted by the Cybersecurity Review Office before listing overseas for data processors which process over one million users' personal information, and for the listing in Hong Kong of data processors which affect or may affect national security. Furthermore, on December 28, 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the PRC, and several other administrations jointly published the Revised Cybersecurity Review Measures, which became effective on February 15, 2022 and require, among other things, that a network platform operator holding over one million users' personal information must apply with the Cybersecurity Review Office for a cybersecurity review before any public offering or listing outside of Chinese mainland and Hong Kong. Since the Draft Regulation is in the process of being formulated, it remains unclear whether and how these draft rules will ultimately be adopted, interpreted and implemented. Also, it remains unclear how the Revised Cybersecurity Review Measures will be interpreted and implemented. Therefore, it remains uncertain whether we will be required to obtain regulatory approvals from the CAC or any other PRC governmental authorities for offerings outside of Chinese mainland. If the CSRC, CAC or other PRC governmental authorities later promulgate new rules or interpretations requiring that we obtain their prior approvals or finish other procedures for future offerings or listings outside of Chinese mainland or for foreign investments in our securities, we may be unable to obtain such approvals or finish such procedures in a timely manner, or at all. Any such circumstance could significantly or completely limit our ability to raise capital through securities offerings, hinder our ability to execute strategic plans in a timely manner or at all, and could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline.

  • Regulation - Risk 4
    Under PRC law, laws, legal documents for corporate transactions, including agreements and contracts are executed using the chop or seal of the signing entity or with the signature of a legal representative whose designation is registered and filed with relevant PRC industry and commerce authorities.

    To ensure the use of our seals, our PRC subsidiary has established internal control procedures and rules for the use of these seals. If a seal is to be used, the responsible person will submit an application through our office automation system, and the application will be verified and approved by an authorized employee in accordance with our internal control procedures and rules. In addition, in order to maintain the physical security of the seals, we usually store them in a secure location that only authorized employees can access. Although we monitor these authorized employees, these procedures may not be sufficient to prevent all abuse or negligence. Our employees are at risk of abuse of authority. For example, any employee who acquires, abuses or misappropriates our seals or other controlling intangible assets for any reason, we may suffer from disruption of normal business operations, and we may have to take a company or legal action, this can cost a lot of time and money.

  • Litigation & Legal Liabilities - Risk 5
    You may face difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against us or our management named in this registration statement Annual Report based on foreign laws.

    We, through our PRC subsidiary, conduct our business in China, and our assets are located in China. In addition, all of our senior executive officers are PRC nationals and they have lived in China for a significant portion of time. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against our management named in this Annual Report in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise as it may be difficult for our shareholders to effect service of process upon us or those persons inside China. Furthermore, China does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with many other countries and regions. Therefore, recognition and enforcement in China of judgments of a court in any of these non-PRC jurisdictions in relation to any matter not subject to a binding arbitration provision may be difficult or impossible. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. Furthermore, as a matter of law or practicality, it is generally difficult to pursue shareholder claims including securities law class actions and fraud claims in China. For example, you may experience significant legal and practical obstacles to obtaining necessary information for shareholder investigations or litigations outside China or with respect to foreign entities. Although the local authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, so far no such cooperation has been established with the United States securities regulatory authorities. In addition, Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law which became effective in March 2020 promulgated that no overseas securities regulator is allowed to conduct investigation or evidence collection activities directly in the PRC. Therefore, without approval from the competent PRC securities regulators and relevant authorities, no organization or individual may provide documents and materials relating to the securities activities to overseas entities. While detailed interpretation of or implementation rules under Article 177 has yet to be promulgated, the inability for an overseas securities regulator to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within China may further increase the difficulties you face in protecting your interests.

  • Environmental / Social - Risk 6
    Our PRC subsidiary may be liable for improper collection, use or appropriation of personal information provided by our customers amd and employees.

    Though our business involves only digital marketing consulting, not an internet platform, but we may still have the opportunity in collecting and retaining large volumes of internal and customer data, including personal information as our various information technology systems enter, process, summarize and report such data. We also maintain information about various aspects of our operations as well as regarding our employees. The integrity and protection of our customer, employee and company data is critical to our business. Our customers and employees expect that we will adequately protect their personal information. Our PRC subsidiary is required by applicable laws to keep strictly confidential the personal information that we collect, and to take adequate security measures to safeguard such information. Unauthorized access to, or improper use, disclosure, theft or destruction of, our customer or employee personal, financial or other data or our proprietary or confidential information that is stored in our information systems or by third parties on our behalf could result in substantial costs, expose us to litigation and damage our reputation. In addition, the use and handling of this information is regulated by evolving and increasingly demanding laws and regulations. The PRC government has focused increasingly on regulation in the areas of information security and protection, including by implementing the PRC Cybersecurity Law effective June 1, 2017, which imposes tightened requirements on data privacy and cybersecurity practices. The application of the cybersecurity law in certain circumstances may change from time to time. In addition, the PRC Data Security Law, which took effect on September 1, 2021, imposes data security and privacy obligations on entities and individuals carrying out data activities (including activities outside of the PRC), requires a national security review of data activities that may affect national security, and imposes restrictions on data transmissions. Furthermore, the PRC Personal Information Protection Law, which took effect on November 1, 2021, sets out the regulatory framework for handling and protection of personal information and transmission of personal information. The Revised Cybersecurity Review Measures, which took effect on February 15, 2022, require critical information infrastructure operators procuring network products and services and online platform operators carrying out data processing activities, which affect or may affect national security, to conduct a cybersecurity review pursuant to the provisions therein. The Measures for Security Assessment for Outbound Data Transfer, which took effect on September 1, 2022, mandate mandatory government security review by the CAC in advance of certain cross-border data transfer activities. We attach great importance to data security, cyber security and personal information protection, and the evolvement of applicable PRC laws and regulations therewith, and we are in compliance with laws and regulations with respect to data security, cyber security and personal information protection in all material aspects. As of the date of this Annual Report, our PRC subsidiary, the main operating entity of ours, has implemented comprehensive internal policies and measures on protection of cyber security, data privacy and personal information to make sure its compliance with relevant PRC laws and regulations. The main internal policies and measures are as follows: (i) for customer data processing, our PRC subsidiary deploys the access control mechanism on the server side, adopts the principle of minimum authorization for the staff who may contact end users' personal data; (ii) our PRC subsidiary's operating systems and database systems have password complexity requirements; (iii) our PRC subsidiary has established Information Security Committee and appoints the CEO, Mr. Tao Guolin to be the head of the committee; (iv) our PRC subsidiary has formulated a cybersecurity contingency plan and will conduct training and safety drills every year in preparation for any emergency cybersecurity incidents; (v) our PRC subsidiary has established data privacy policies to ensure that its collection of data is conducted in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and that the collection is for legitimate purposes as set out in its agreements. As of the date of this Annual Report, we are in compliance with PRC laws and regulations with respect to data security in all material aspects, (i) we have implemented comprehensive internal policies and measures on protection of cyber security, data privacy and personal information as listed above; (ii) there had been no material incident of data or personal information leakage, infringement of data protection and privacy laws and regulations or investigation or other legal proceeding, pending or threatened against us initiated by competent government authorities or third parties, that will materially and adversely affect our business; (iii) we have not received any investigation, notice, warning, penalty or sanction from applicable government authorities (including the CAC) with regard to our business operations concerning any issues related to cybersecurity and data security; (iv) we have not been involved in any suits, judicial review, enquiry, or other legal proceedings initiated by applicable governmental authorities in relation to any violation of applicable regulations or policies that have been issued by the CAC; (v) our PRC subsidiary's business operations do not involve any Critical Information Infrastructure, and neither we nor the PRC subsidiary has received any notification from applicable PRC governmental authorities indicating that any of the PRC subsidiary's products or services is determined as the Critical Information Infrastructure. Compliance with these laws, as well as additional regulations and standards regarding data privacy, data collection and information security that PRC regulatory bodies may enact in the future, may result in additional expenses to us as we may be required to upgrade our current information technology systems. Furthermore, as a result of legislative and regulatory rules, we may be required to notify the owners of information of any breach, theft or loss of their information, which could harm our reputation, as well as subject us to litigation or actions by regulatory bodies and adversely affect our financial results. In addition, while we take various measures to comply with all applicable data privacy and protection laws and regulations, there is no guarantee that our current security measures and those of our third-party service providers may always be adequate for the protection of our customer, employee or company data; and like all companies, we have experienced data incidents from time to time. In addition, given the size of our customer base and the types and volume of personal data on our system, we may be a particularly attractive target for computer hackers, foreign governments or cyber terrorists. Unauthorized access to our proprietary internal and customer data may be obtained through break-ins, sabotage, breach of our secure network by an unauthorized party, computer viruses, computer denial-of-service attacks, employee theft or misuse, breach of the security of the networks of our third-party service providers, or other misconduct. Because the techniques used by computer programmers who may attempt to penetrate and sabotage our proprietary internal and customer data change frequently and may not be recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques. Unauthorized access to our proprietary internal and customer data may also be obtained through inadequate use of security controls. Any of such incidents may harm our reputation and adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, we may be subject to negative publicity about our security and privacy policies, systems, or measurements from time to time. Any failure to prevent or mitigate security breaches, cyber-attacks or other unauthorized access to our systems or disclosure of our customers' data, including their personal information, could result in loss or misuse of such data, interruptions to our service system, diminished customer experience, loss of customer confidence and trust, impairment of our technology infrastructure, and harm our reputation and business, resulting in significant legal and financial exposure and potential lawsuits and could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. In addition, any violation of the provisions and requirements under relevant laws and regulations with respect to cyber security, data security and personal information protection may subject us to rectifications, warnings, fines, confiscation of illegal gains, suspension of the related business, revocation of licenses, cancellation of qualifications being entered into the relevant credit record or even criminal liabilities. If in the future, the PRC regulators require us or our PRC subsidiary to apply for a cybersecurity review, we cannot assure you that we are able to pass such review. Any failure or delay in the completion of the cybersecurity review procedures or any other non-compliance with the related laws and regulations may result in fines or other penalties, including suspension our business, website closure, removal of our app from the relevant app stores, and revocation of prerequisite licenses, as well as reputational damage or legal proceedings or actions against us, which may have material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. As for the Draft Regulation issued by CAC recently, since the Draft Regulation is in the process of being formulated, it remains unclear whether and how these draft rules will ultimately be adopted, interpreted and implemented. We will continue to pay close attention to the legislative and regulatory developments in data security and comply with the latest regulatory requirements.

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Risk Highlights Q3, 2024

Main Risk Category
Legal & Regulatory
With 22 Risks
Number of Disclosed Risks
54
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 32
Recent Changes
0Risks added
0Risks removed
0Risks changed
Since Sep 2024
Number of Risk Changed
0
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 1

Risk Word Cloud

our historical financial results may not be indicative of our future performance.indicative of our future performancethe prc government has the ability to exert substantial supervision over any offering or listing of securities conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in china-based issuers, and, as a result, may limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.listing of securities conducted overseasunder the prc enterprise income tax law, or the eit law, our prc subsidiary may be classified as a "resident enterprise" of china, which could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-prc shareholders.prc enterprise income tax lawchanges in the policies of the prc government could have a significant impact upon our ability to operate profitably in the prc.our ability to operate profitablyour ceo owns a significant percentage of the company's common stock and will be able to exert significant control over matters subject to shareholder approval.matters subject to shareholder approvalour prc subsidiary may be liable for improper collection, use or appropriation of personal information provided by our customers and employees.appropriation of personal information providedunder the prc enterprise income tax law, or the eit law, our prc subsidiary may be classified as a "resident enterprise" of china, which could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-prc shareholders.unfavorable tax consequences to usyou may face difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in china against us or our management named in this annual report based on foreign laws.effecting service of legal processgovernment control in currency conversion may adversely affect our financial condition, our ability to remit dividends, and the value of your investment.our ability to remit dividendsour prc subsidiary may be required to obtain and maintain additional approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.permits applicable to our business

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 54

Regulation14 | 25.9%
  • Regulation - Risk 1
    Our PRC subsidiary may be required to obtain and maintain additional approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

    Our business is subject to governmental supervision and regulation by the relevant PRC governmental authorities, including the Ministry of Commerce, or MOFCOM, and other governmental authorities in charge of the relevant categories of services offered by us. The laws and regulations and government policy changes rapidly on digital training. For our digital training related services, we worked with Beida Jade Bird Vocational Education ("Jade Bird") which was an authorized licensee of China National Personal Talent Training Network ("CNPTTN"), a PRC regulatory agency for the talent training. Jade Bird was in charge of its training courses, and the Company was authorised by Jade Bird as its sole training related administrator of the training courses, limited to coordinate the digital training related services to individual clients who were interested in conducting live-broadcasting business through social medias. The Company provided training related services, to these individual clients who subscribed courses, in arranging the examination, following up certificate issuance processes, addressing clients' concerns, etc. On March 22, 2022, the PRC subsidiary learned that Jade Bird suspended its service after receiving a notice from CNPTTN that until further notice CNPTTN has suspended all recruitment services using its CNPTTN's name. As a result of CNPTTN's suspension, the PRC subsidiary has also suspended its digital training related services with Jade Bird from March 22, 2022. As it is highly unlikely that such digital training services by the Company will be resumed in the foreseeable future, the Company has refunded all advance payments made by clients who were unable to receive such training-related services. In the future, laws and regulations and the CNPTTN may require our PRC Subsidiary to meet additional requirements or obtain additional approvals, licenses or permits to conduct KOL training related business. If our PRC Subsidiary is unable to meet the relevant requirements or obtain the relevant approvals, licenses or permits, our PRC Subsidiary may not be able to continue to conduct the KOL training related business. As of the date of this Annual Report, there is no further notice from CNPTTN and the service is still being suspended.

  • Regulation - Risk 2
    Uncertainties exist with respect to the enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation of the laws and regulations with respect to online platform business operation.

    Our business is digital marketing consultation, not an online platform. But since our PRC subsidiary assists our customers to applying customers' apps to other app platform, we may be subject to various internet-related laws and regulations. These internet-related laws and regulations are relatively new and evolving, and their enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation involve significant uncertainties. For example, On February 7, 2021, the State Administration for Market Regulation, or the SAMR, promulgated Guidelines to Anti-Monopoly in the Field of Platform Economy, or the Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for Platform Economy. The Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for Platform Economy provides operational standards and guidelines for identifying certain internet platforms' abuse of market dominant position which are prohibited to restrict unfair competition and safeguard users' interests, including without limitation, prohibiting personalized pricing using big data and analytics, selling products below cost without reasonable causes, actions or arrangements seen as exclusivity arrangements, using technology means to block competitors' interface, using bundle services to sell services or products. In addition, internet platforms' compulsory collection of user data may be viewed as abuse of dominant market position that may have the effect to eliminate or restrict competition. As of the date of this Annual Report, neither we nor our PRC subsidiary have been subject to any anti-monopoly investigation, penalty of litigation initiated by government authorities or third parties. Furthermore, we will continue to attach attention to the updates of applicable PRC laws and regulations in relation to antimonopoly. On August 31, 2018, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress promulgated the E-commerce Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2019. The E-commerce Law imposes a series of requirements on e-commerce operators including e-commerce platform operators, merchants operating on the platform and the individuals and entities carrying out business online. The governance measures our PRC subsidiary adopted in response to the enhanced regulatory requirements may fail to meet these requirements and may lead to penalties or our loss of merchants to those platforms, or to complaints or claims made against us by customers on our platforms. In addition, we may be subject to complex and evolving laws and regulations regarding privacy and data protection. For more details, please see "Risk Factors?-? Risks Related to Our Business and Industry - Our PRC subsidiary may be liable for improper collection, use or appropriation of personal information provided by our customers and employees." Currently, these statements and regulatory actions have had no impact on our daily business operation. However, since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our daily business operation, the ability to accept foreign investments and list our securities on an U.S. or other foreign exchange. As there are uncertainties regarding the enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation of the existing and future internet-related laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that our business operations will comply with such regulations in all respects and we may be ordered to terminate certain of our business operations that are deemed illegal by the regulatory authorities and become subject to fines and/or other sanctions which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

  • Regulation - Risk 3
    PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations are sometimes vague and uncertain and any changes in such laws and regulations may impair our ability to operate profitably.

    There are certain uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations including, but not limited to, the laws and regulations governing our business and the enforcement and performance of our arrangements with customers in certain circumstances. The laws and regulations are sometimes vague and may be subject to future changes, and their official interpretation and enforcement may involve certain uncertainty. The effectiveness and interpretation of newly enacted laws or regulations, including amendments to existing laws and regulations, may be delayed, and our business may be affected if we rely on laws and regulations which are subsequently adopted or interpreted in a manner different from our understanding of these laws and regulations. We cannot predict what effect the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations may have on our business.

  • Regulation - Risk 4
    The PRC legal system is evolving, and the resulting uncertainties could adversely affect us.

    We conduct our business primarily through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. As the legislation in China and the PRC legal system has continued to evolve rapidly over the past decades and the PRC government has made significant progress in promulgating laws and regulations related to economic affairs and matters, for example, such laws and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, many of these laws and regulations are relatively new and there is a limited volume of published decisions and enactments. In particular, there exist certain uncertainties surrounding the evolvement, interpretation and enforcement of regulatory requirements of cybersecurity, data security, privacy protection as well as anti-monopoly, and we may need to take certain corresponding measures to maintain our regulatory compliance, such as adjusting the relevant business or transactions and introducing compliance experts and talents, which may incur additional related costs and adverse impact on our business. As a result, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are subject to change from time to time. Therefore, there are uncertainties involved in their implementation and interpretation, and it may be difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection available to you and us. Such uncertainties, including uncertainty over the scope and effect of our contractual, property (including intellectual property) and procedural rights, and any failure to respond to changes in the regulatory environment in China could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.

  • Regulation - Risk 5
    The interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations may change from time to time, which could have a material adverse effect on us due to unexpected changes to laws, rules and regulations applicable to us.

    Our PRC subsidiary is incorporated under and governed by the laws of the PRC. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference, but have limited precedential value. In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in general, such as foreign investment, corporate organization and governance, commerce, taxation and trade. As a significant part of our business is conducted in China, our operations are principally governed by PRC laws and regulations. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are subject to change from time to time. Uncertainties due to evolving laws and regulations could also impede the ability of a China-based company, such as our company, to obtain or maintain permits or licenses required to conduct business in China. In the absence of required permits or licenses, governmental authorities could impose material sanctions or penalties on us. From time to time, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to interpret and/or enforce our legal rights. However, since PRC administrative and court authorities have a certain discretion within their scope of authority in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings, and the level of legal protection we enjoy. Such uncertainties, including uncertainty over the scope and effect of our contractual, property (including intellectual property) and procedural rights, could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations. Furthermore, if China adopts more stringent standards with respect to environmental protection or corporate social responsibilities, we may incur increased compliance costs or become subject to additional restrictions in our operations. In addition, we cannot predict the effects of future developments in the PRC legal system on our business operations, including the promulgation of new laws, or changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us and our investors, including you. Moreover, any litigation in China may be relatively long in duration and result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources and management attention. The PRC government has significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business as the government deems appropriate to further regulatory, political and societal goals. The PRC government has recently published new policies that significantly affected certain industries such as the education and internet industries, and we cannot rule out the possibility that it will in the future release regulations or policies regarding our industry that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the PRC government has recently sought to exert more oversight and supervision over securities offerings and other capital markets activities that are conducted overseas and foreign investment in China-based companies like us. Any such influence on our business operations or action to exert more oversight and supervision over securities offerings and other capital markets activities could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and the value of our Stocks, or significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or in extreme cases, become worthless.

  • Regulation - Risk 6
    The recent state government supervision onbusiness activities on U.S. listed Chinese companies may negatively impact our existing and future operations in China. The PRC government may exert more supervision over our operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and significantly and adversely impact the value of the Company's common stock, including potentially causing the value of the Company's common stock to decline or be worthless.

    The PRC government has significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business as the government deems appropriate to further regulatory, political and societal goals. To the extent that the cash and assets in our business are in our PRC subsidiary and/or Hong Kong subsidiary, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC and/or Hong Kong due to the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of us or our subsidiaries by the PRC government to transfer cash or assets. Any such influence on our business operations or action to exert more oversight and supervision over the cash or assets of our subsidiaries could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and the value of our stock, or significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or in extreme cases, become worthless. The PRC government has recently published new policies that significantly affected certain industries such as the education and internet industries, and we cannot rule out the possibility that it will in the future release regulations or policies regarding the marketing consulting industry that could require us to seek permission from Chinese authorities to continue to operate our business, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, recent statements made by the PRC government have sought to increase the government's oversight and supervision over offerings of companies with significant operations in China that are to be conducted in foreign markets, as well as foreign investment in China-based issuers like us. Any such action, if taken by the PRC government, could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer common stocks to our investors and could cause the value of the Company's common stock to significantly decline or become worthless. Recently, the PRC government announced that it would step up supervision of Chinese companies listed offshore. Under the new measures, China will improve regulation of cross-border data flows and security, crack down on illegal activity in the securities market and punish fraudulent securities issuance, market manipulation and insider trading, China will also check sources of funding for securities investment and control leverage ratios. The Cyberspace Administration of China ("CAC") has also opened a cybersecurity probe into several U.S.-listed tech giants focusing on anti-monopoly, financial technology regulation and more recently, with the passage of the Data Security Law, how companies collect, store, process and transfer data. Though the Company is a Nevada corporation, we through our PRC subsidiary, are headquartered and have operations in China. We currently do not, and we do not plan to use variable interest entities to execute our business plan or to conduct our China-based operations. However, because our operations are in China and our major shareholders are located in China, there is a risk that the PRC government may exert certain supervision over operations of companies with operations in China, including its ability to offer securities to investors, list its securities on a U.S. or other foreign exchange, conduct its business or accept foreign investment. In light of China's recent announcements, there are risks and uncertainties which we cannot foresee for the time being, and rules and regulations can change from time to time. The PRC government may exert more supervision over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in issuers likes ourselves. If any or all of the foregoing were to occur, this could lead to a material change in the Company's operations and/or the value of its common stock and/or significantly limit or completely hinder its ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Overseas Listing Trial Measures and five supporting guidelines, which became effective on March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the Overseas Listing Trial Measures, PRC domestic companies that directly or indirectly offer or list their securities in an overseas market, which include (i) any PRC company limited by shares, and (ii) any offshore company that conducts its business operations primarily in China and contemplates to offer or list its securities in an overseas market based on its onshore equities, assets or similar interests, are required to file with the CSRC within three business days after its application for overseas listing is submitted. Furthermore, if any PRC company that has directly or indirectly listed securities in overseas markets conducts follow-on offering of securities in such overseas markets, it shall fulfill the filing procedures with and report relevant information to the CSRC, too. Failure to complete the filing under the Overseas Listing Trial Measures may subject us to rectification ordered by the CSRC, warning, and fine of RMB1 million to RMB10 million. In addition, we shall report to the CSRC upon occurrence of certain material events, including change of control, investigations or sanctions imposed by overseas securities regulatory authorities, change of listing status or transfer of listing segment, and voluntary or mandatory delisting. The Overseas Listing Trial Measures may subject us to additional compliance requirements in the future, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to get the clearance of filing procedures under the Overseas Listing Trial Measures on a timely basis, or at all. Any failure of us to fully comply with new regulatory requirements may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer the Company's common stock, cause significant disruption to our business operations, and severely damage our reputation, which would materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and cause the Company's common stock to significantly decline in value or become worthless.

  • Regulation - Risk 7
    PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from making loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

    We are an offshore holding company conducting our operations in China through our PRC subsidiary. We may make loans to our PRC subsidiary, or we may make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary. Any capital contributions or loans that we, as an offshore entity, make to our PRC subsidiary, are subject to PRC regulations. For example, loans to our PRC subsidiary cannot exceed statutory limits and are subject to foreign exchange loan registrations. Our capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary must be registered with the MOFCOM or its local counterpart. In light of the various requirements imposed by of PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals or filings on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans by us to our PRC subsidiary or with respect to future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals on a timely basis or at all, our ability to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

  • Regulation - Risk 8
    We may be subject to liability for placing advertisements with content that is deemed inappropriate or misleading under PRC laws.

    According to PRC laws, if any advertisement issued by our PRC subsidiary infringes the rights and interests of a third party, our PRC subsidiary shall bear the liability for compensation, which may cause us financial loss.

  • Regulation - Risk 9
    The PRC government has the ability to exert substantial supervision over any offering or listing of securities conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, and, as a result, may limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

    The PRC government recently initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in China, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas using the variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. For example, in July 2021, the relevant PRC government authorities made public the Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law, which emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas listings by China-based companies and proposed to take effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems to deal with the risks and incidents faced by China-based overseas listed companies. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Overseas Listing Trial Measures and five relevant guidelines which took effect from March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the Overseas Listing Trial Measures, we are required to file with the CSRC within three business days upon completion of any subsequent securities offering in the overseas markets where our securities are currently listed on. Furthermore, if we intend to offer or list our securities in other overseas markets, we need to file with CSRC within three business days of submitting the application documents for the offering or listing. Failure to perform our filing obligations may result in penalties imposed on the PRC Company and responsible officers. In addition, we shall report to the CSRC upon occurrence of certain material events, including change of control, investigations or sanctions imposed by overseas securities regulatory authorities, change of listing status or transfer of listing segment, and voluntary or mandatory delisting. On February 24, 2023, the CSRC and other PRC governmental authorities jointly issued the revised Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the "Revised Confidentiality Provisions"), which came into effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Revised Confidentiality Provisions, Chinese companies that directly or indirectly conduct overseas offerings and listings, shall strictly abide by the laws and regulations on confidentiality when providing or publicly disclosing, either directly or through their overseas listed entities, materials to securities services providers. In the event such materials contain state secrets or working secrets of government agencies, the Chinese companies shall first obtain approval from authorities, and file with the secrecy administrative department at the same level with the approving authority; in the event that such materials, if divulged, will jeopardize national security or public interest, the Chinese companies shall comply with procedures stipulated by national regulations. The Chinese companies shall also provide a written statement of the specific sensitive information provided when providing materials to securities service providers, and such written statements shall be retained for inspection. However, the interpretation and implementation of the Revised Confidentiality Provisions remain substantially uncertain. On November 14, 2021, the CAC released the Draft Regulation, which requires, among other things, that a prior cybersecurity review be conducted by the Cybersecurity Review Office before listing overseas for data processors which process over one million users' personal information, and for the listing in Hong Kong of data processors which affect or may affect national security. Furthermore, on December 28, 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the PRC, and several other administrations jointly published the Revised Cybersecurity Review Measures, which became effective on February 15, 2022 and require, among other things, that a network platform operator holding over one million users' personal information must apply with the Cybersecurity Review Office for a cybersecurity review before any public offering or listing outside of Chinese mainland and Hong Kong. Since the Draft Regulation is in the process of being formulated, it remains unclear whether and how these draft rules will ultimately be adopted, interpreted and implemented. Also, it remains unclear how the Revised Cybersecurity Review Measures will be interpreted and implemented. Therefore, it remains uncertain whether we will be required to obtain regulatory approvals from the CAC or any other PRC governmental authorities for offerings outside of Chinese mainland. If the CSRC, CAC or other PRC governmental authorities later promulgate new rules or interpretations requiring that we obtain their prior approvals or finish other procedures for future offerings or listings outside of Chinese mainland or for foreign investments in our securities, we may be unable to obtain such approvals or finish such procedures in a timely manner, or at all. Any such circumstance could significantly or completely limit our ability to raise capital through securities offerings, hinder our ability to execute strategic plans in a timely manner or at all, and could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline.

  • Regulation - Risk 10
    PRC laws prohibits or restricts companies belonging to foreign countries from operating some certain businesses.

    According to PRC laws, some businesses are not allowed to be operated by the companies whose ownership is not a Chinese company. We are a US company registered in Nevada. Each company in our organization chart is a subsidiary. The legality and effectiveness of this control method are accorded with PRC laws and regulations. On October 26, 2022, China's National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) issued the 2022 edition of the Catalogue of Encouraged Industries for Foreign Investment ("FI encouraged catalogue"). According to the FI encouraged catalogue, Article 8, Section 449, foreign investment on the business of consulting services is encouraged. However, we are uncertain that the laws will remain to allow foreign owned Chinese companies to engage in consultancy services business.

  • Regulation - Risk 11
    We are subject to compliance with Security laws exposure

    We are subject to compliance with securities laws, which exposes us to potential liabilities, including potential rescission rights. We may offer to sell the Company's shares of the Company's common stock to investors pursuant to certain exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, as well as those of various state securities laws. The basis for relying on such exemptions is factual; that is, the applicability of such exemptions depends upon our conduct and that of those persons contacting prospective investors and making the offering. We may not seek any legal opinion to the effect that any such offering would be exempt from registration under any federal or state law. Instead, we may elect to relay upon the operative facts as the basis for such exemption, including information provided by investor themselves. If any such offering did not qualify for such exemption, an investor would have the right to rescind its purchase of the securities if it so desired. It is possible that if an investor should seek rescission, such investor would succeed. A similar situation prevails under state law in those states where the securities may be offered without registration in reliance on the partial preemption from the registration or qualification provisions of such state statutes under the National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996. If investors were successful in seeking rescission, we would face severe financial demands that could adversely affect our business and operations. Additionally, if we did not in fact qualify for the exemptions upon which we have relied, we may become subject to significant fines and penalties imposed by the Commission and state securities agencies.

  • Regulation - Risk 12
    Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 will require substantial financial and management resources and may increase the time and costs of completing an acquisition.

    Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that we evaluate and report on our system of internal controls and may require us to have such system audited by an independent registered public accounting firm. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny, civil or criminal penalties and/or shareholder litigation. Any inability to provide reliable financial reports could harm our business. Furthermore, any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in the implementation of adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of the Company's securities.

  • Regulation - Risk 13
    Under PRC laws, legal documents for corporate transactions, including agreements and contracts are executed using the chop or seal of the signing entity or with the signature of a legal representative whose designation is registered and filed with relevant PRC industry and commerce authorities.

    To ensure the use of our seals, our PRC subsidiary has established internal control procedures and rules for the use of these seals. If a seal is to be used, the responsible person will submit an application through our office automation system, and the application will be verified and approved by an authorized employee in accordance with our internal control procedures and rules. In addition, in order to maintain the physical security of the seals, we usually store them in a secure location that only authorized employees can access. Although we monitor these authorized employees, these procedures may not be sufficient to prevent all abuse or negligence. Our employees are at risk of abuse of authority. For example, any employee who acquires, abuses or misappropriates our seals or other controlling intangible assets for any reason, we may suffer from disruption of normal business operations, and we may have to take a company or legal action, this can cost a lot of time and money.

  • Regulation - Risk 14
    Restrictions on currency exchange under PRC laws may limit our ability to convert cash derived from our operating activities into foreign currencies and may materially and adversely affect the value of the Company's common stock.

    The PRC government imposes administrations on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We, through our PRC subsidiary, receive our revenue in Renminbi. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from Entrepreneurship World Consultants, the EWC WFOE. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of EWC WFOE to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations, if any. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, conversion of Renminbi is permitted, without prior approval from the SAFE, for current account transactions, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from trade-related transactions, as long as certain procedural requirements are complied with. However, any existing and future restrictions on currency exchange in China may limit our ability to convert cash derived from our operating activities into foreign currencies to fund expenditures denominated in foreign currencies. If the foreign exchange restrictions in China prevent us from obtaining U.S. dollars or other foreign currencies as required, our PRC subsidiary may not be able to pay dividends in U.S. dollars or other foreign currencies to our Shareholders.

See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?
Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment. They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result. It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.
How do companies disclose their risk factors?
Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process. Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”. Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report. According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.
How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?
Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing. You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector. Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements. A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.
What are all the risk factor categories?
TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below. 1. Financial & Corporate Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results. Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing. Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments. Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances. 2. Legal & Regulatory Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company. Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation. Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy. Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives. 3. Production Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory. Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers. Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls. Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation. 4. Technology & Innovation Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development. Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology. Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks. Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying. 5. Ability to Sell Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers. Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes. Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration. Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation. 6. Macro & Political Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions. Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19. International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company. Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.