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EON Resources (EONR) Risk Analysis
Risk Overview Q3, 2024
Source: the company's latest filing for the period ended Sep 30, 2024, filed Nov 15, 2024
Risk Change Over Time
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1Our stock price may be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors and litigation.
In addition to changes to market prices based on our results of operations and the factors discussed elsewhere in this "Risk Factors" section, the market price of and trading volume for our Class A Common Stock may change for a variety of other reasons, not necessarily related to our actual operating performance. The capital markets have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our Class A Common Stock. In addition, the average daily trading volume of the securities of small companies can be very low, which may contribute to future volatility. Factors that could cause the market price of our Class A Common Stock to fluctuate significantly include: - the results of operating and financial performance and prospects of other companies in our industry;- strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;- announcements of innovations, increased service capabilities, new or terminated customers or new, amended or terminated contracts by our competitors;- the public's reaction to our press releases, other public announcements, and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission;- lack of securities analyst coverage or speculation in the press or investment community about us or market opportunities in our industry;- changes in government policies in the United States;- changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities or research analysts who track our Class A Common Stock or failure of our actual results of operations to meet those expectations;- market and industry perception of our success, or lack thereof, in pursuing our growth strategy;- changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles;- any lawsuit involving us, our services or our products;- arrival and departure of key personnel;- sales of Class A Common Stock by us, our investors or members of our management team; and - changes in general market, economic and political conditions in the United States and global economies or financial markets, including those resulting from natural or man-made disasters. Any of these factors, as well as broader market and industry factors, may result in large and sudden changes in the trading volume of our Class A Common Stock and could seriously harm the market price of our Class A Common Stock, regardless of our operating performance. This may prevent you from being able to sell your shares at or above the price you paid for your shares of our Class A Common Stock, if at all. In addition, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company's securities, stockholders often institute securities class action litigation against that company. Our involvement in any class action suit or other legal proceeding could divert our senior management's attention and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2The sale or availability for sale of substantial amounts of our Class A Common Stock could adversely affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock.
Sales of substantial amounts of shares of our Class A Common Stock, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock and could impair our future ability to raise capital through common stock offerings.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3If equity research analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade our Class A Common Stock, the market price of our Class A Common Stock will likely decline.
The trading market for our Class A Common Stock will rely in part on the research and reports that equity research analysts, over whom we have no control, publish about us and our business. We may never obtain research coverage by securities and industry analysts. If no securities or industry analysts commence coverage of our company, the market price for our Class A Common Stock could decline. In the event we obtain securities or industry analyst coverage, the market price of our Class A Common Stock could decline if one or more equity analysts downgrade our Class A Common Stock or if those analysts issue unfavorable commentary, even if it is inaccurate, or cease publishing reports about us or our business.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4Purchases made pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement will be made at a discount to the volume weighted average price of Class A Common Stock, which may result in negative pressure on the stock price following the Closing of the Purchase.
On October 17, 2022, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the "Common Stock Purchase Agreement") and a related registration rights agreement (the "White Lion RRA") with White Lion Capital, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company ("White Lion"). Pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation to require White Lion to purchase, from time to time, up to $150,000,000 in aggregate gross purchase price of newly issued shares of our Class A Common Stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. On March 7, 2024, the Company entered into an Amendment No. 1 to Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the "White Lion Amendment") with White Lion. Pursuant to the White Lion Amendment, the Company and White Lion agreed to a fixed number of Commitment Shares equal to 440,000 shares of Common Stock to be issued to White Lion in consideration for commitments of White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, which the Company agreed to include all of the Commitment Shares on the initial registration statement filed by the Company related to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. We are obligated under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement and the White Lion RRA to file a registration statement with the SEC to register the Class A Common Stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for the resale by White Lion of shares of Class A Common Stock that we may issue to White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. The purchase price to be paid by White Lion for any shares of Class A Common Stock will equal 96% of the lowest daily volume-weighted average price of Class A Common Stock during a period of two consecutive trading days following the applicable Notice Date. Such purchases will dilute our stockholders and could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our Class A Common Stock and impair our ability to raise capital through future offerings of equity or equity-linked securities, although we intend to carefully control such purchases as to minimize the impact. Accordingly, the adverse market and price pressures resulting from the purchase and registration of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement may continue for an extended period of time and continued negative pressure on the market price of our Class A Common Stock could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise additional equity capital.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares of Class A Common Stock, if any, we will sell under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement to White Lion or the actual gross proceeds resulting from those sales.
We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of the Class A Common Stock to White under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. Sales of Class A Common Stock, if any, to White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to White Lion all, some or none of the Class A Common Stock that may be available for us to sell to White Lion pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. Because the purchase price per share of Class A Common Stock to be paid by White Lion will fluctuate based on the market prices of the Class A Common Stock at the time we elect to sell Class A Common Stock to White Lion pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, if any, it is not possible for us to predict, as of the date of this report and prior to any such sales, the number of shares of Class A Common Stock that we will sell to White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, the purchase price per share that White Lion will pay for Class A Common Stock purchased from us under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases by White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. The number of shares of Class A Common Stock ultimately offered for sale by White Lion is dependent upon the number of shares of Class A Common Stock, if any, we ultimately elect to sell to White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. However, even if we elect to sell Class A Common Stock to White Lion pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, White Lion may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its sole discretion and at different prices. Because the purchase price per share to be paid by White Lion for the shares of Class A Common Stock that we may elect to sell to White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our common stock for each purchase made pursuant to the Common Stock, if any, it is not possible for us to predict, as of the date of this report and prior to any such sales, the number of shares of Class A Common Stock that we will sell to White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, the purchase price per share that While Lion will pay for shares purchased from us under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases by White Lion under the Purchase Agreement, if any.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6The sale and issuance of Class A Common Stock to White Lion will cause dilution to our existing securityholders, and the resale of the Class A Common Stock acquired by White Lion, or the perception that such resales may occur, could cause the price of our Class A Common Stock to decrease.
The purchase price per share of Class A Common Stock to be paid by White Lion for the Class A Common Stock that we may elect to sell to White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our Class A Common Stock at the time we elect to sell Class A Common Stock to White Lion pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. Depending on market liquidity at the time, resales of such Class A Common Stock by White Lion may cause the trading price of our Class A Common Stock to decrease. If and when we elect to sell Class A Common Stock to White Lion, sales of newly issued Class A Common Stock by us to White Lion could result in substantial dilution to the interests of existing holders of our Class A Common Stock. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of Class A Common Stock to White Lion, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales. We expect to grant equity awards to employees and directors under our equity incentive plans. We may also raise capital through equity financings in the future. As part of our business strategy, we may make or receive investments in companies, solutions or technologies and issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition or investment. Any such issuances of additional share capital may cause shareholders to experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the per share value of our Class A Common Stock to decline.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7Investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices than White Lion.
Pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, we will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold to White Lion. If and when we do elect to sell shares of our Class A Common Stock to White Lion pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, after White Lion has acquired such shares, White Lion may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from White Lion in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from White Lion in this offering as a result of future sales made by us to White Lion at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares in this offering.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 8Management will have broad discretion as to the use of the proceeds from the sale of shares to White Lion, and uses may not improve our financial condition or market value.
Because we have not designated the amount of net proceeds from the sale of shares of our Class A Common Stock to be used for any particular purpose, our management will have broad discretion as to the application of such net proceeds and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated hereby. Our management may use the net proceeds for corporate purposes that may not improve our financial condition or market value.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 9The Second A&R Charter contains a waiver of the corporate opportunities doctrine for our directors and officers, and therefore such persons have no obligations to make opportunities available to us.
The "corporate opportunities" doctrine provides that directors and officers of a corporation, as part of their duty of loyalty to the corporation and its shareholders, generally have a fiduciary duty to disclose opportunities to the corporation that are related to its business and are prohibited from pursuing those opportunities unless the corporation determines that it is not going to pursue them. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation waives the corporate opportunities doctrine. It states that, to the extent allowed by law, the doctrine of corporate opportunity, or any other analogous doctrine, shall not apply with respect to us or any of our officers or directors or any of their respective affiliates, in circumstances where the application of any such doctrine would conflict with any fiduciary duties or contractual obligations they may have as of the date of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation or in the future, and we renounce any expectancy that any of pir directors or officers will offer any such corporate opportunity of which he or she may become aware to us, except, the doctrine of corporate opportunity shall apply with respect to any of our directors or officers with respect to a corporate opportunity that was offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the company and (i) such opportunity is one that we are legally and contractually permitted to undertake and would otherwise be reasonable for us to pursue and (ii) the director or officer is permitted to refer that opportunity to us without violating any legal obligation. Our directors and officers or their respective affiliates may pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business and, as a result of the waiver described above, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. In addition, our directors and officers or their respective affiliates may have an interest in pursuing acquisitions, divestitures and other transactions that, in its judgment, could enhance its investment, even though such transactions might involve risks to you.
- Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 10The historical financial results of HNRA and the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated combined financial information included elsewhere in this report may not be indicative of what HNRA's actual financial position or results of operations would have been if it were a public company.
The historical financial results of HNRA included in this report do not reflect the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows it would have achieved as a public company during the periods presented or those we will achieve in the future. Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially different from amounts reflected in HNRA's historical financial statements included elsewhere in this report. As such, it may be difficult for investors to compare our future results to historical results or to evaluate its relative performance or trends in its business. Similarly, the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated combined financial information in this report is presented for illustrative purposes only and has been prepared based on a number of assumptions including, but not limited to, those assumptions described in the accompanying unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated combined financial statements. Accordingly, such pro forma financial information may not be indicative of our future operating or financial performance and Company's actual financial condition and results of operations may vary materially from the pro forma results of operations and balance sheet contained elsewhere in this report, including as a result of such assumptions not being accurate.
- Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 11We believe Pogo currently has ineffective internal control over its financial reporting.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of Pogo's annual or interim consolidated financial statements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We identified a material weakness and believe that Pogo currently has ineffective internal control over financial reporting, primarily due to: not maintaining a sufficient complement of personnel to permit segregation of duties among personnel with access to Pogo's accounting and information systems controls, lacking proper review evidence of controls over the reserves report prepared by the reservoir engineer, and lacking the controls needed to ensure that the accounting for certain items is accurate and complete. We intend to remediate these deficiencies by putting into place proper internal controls and accounting systems to ensure effective internal control over its financial reporting. Completion of remediation does not provide assurance that our remediation or other controls will continue to operate properly or remain adequate and we cannot assure you that we will not identify additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures, our ability to record, process and report financial information accurately, and to prepare financial statements within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the SEC, could be adversely affected. This failure could negatively affect the market price and trading liquidity of our stock, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, subject us to civil and criminal investigations and penalties and generally materially and adversely impact our business and financial condition.
- Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 12Pogo's estimated reserves are based on many assumptions that may turn out to be inaccurate. Any material inaccuracies in these reserve estimates or underlying assumptions will materially affect the quantities and present value of its reserves.
It is not possible to measure underground accumulation of crude oil and natural gas in an exact way. Crude oil and natural gas reserve engineering is not an exact science and requires subjective estimates of underground accumulations of crude oil and natural gas and assumptions concerning future crude oil and natural gas prices, production levels, ultimate recoveries and operating and development costs. As a result, estimated quantities of proved reserves, projections of future production rates and the timing of development expenditures may turn out to be incorrect. Estimates of Pogo's proved reserves and related valuations as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were prepared by Cobb & Associates. Cobb & Associates conducted a detailed review of all of Pogo's properties for the period covered by its reserve report using information provided by Pogo. Over time, Pogo may make material changes to reserve estimates taking into account the results of actual drilling, testing and production and changes in prices. In addition, certain assumptions regarding future crude oil and natural gas prices, production levels and operating and development costs may prove incorrect. For example, due to the deterioration in commodity prices and operator activity in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors, the commodity price assumptions used to calculate Pogo's reserves estimates declined, which in turn lowered its proved reserve estimates. A substantial portion of Pogo's reserve estimates are made without the benefit of a lengthy production history, which are less reliable than estimates based on a lengthy production history. Any significant variance from these assumptions to actual figures could greatly affect Pogo's estimates of reserves and future cash generated from operations. Numerous changes over time to the assumptions on which Pogo's reserve estimates are based, as described above, often result in the actual quantities of crude oil and natural gas that are ultimately recovered being different from its reserve estimates. Furthermore, the present value of future net cash flows from Pogo's proved reserves is not necessarily the same as the current market value of its estimated reserves. In accordance with rules established by the SEC and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB"), Pogo bases the estimated discounted future net cash flows from its proved reserves on the twelve-month average oil and gas index prices, calculated as the unweighted arithmetic average for the first-day-of-the-month price for each month, and costs in effect on the date of the estimate, holding the prices and costs constant throughout the life of the properties. Actual future prices and costs may differ materially from those used in the present value estimate, and future net present value estimates using then current prices and costs may be significantly less than the current estimate. In addition, the 10% discount factor Pogo uses when calculating discounted future net cash flows may not be the most appropriate discount factor based on interest rates in effect from time to time and risks associated with Pogo or the crude oil and natural gas industry in general.
- Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 13We are a holding company with no operations of our own, and we depend on our subsidiaries for cash to fund all of our operations, taxes and other expenses and any dividends that we may pay.
Our operations are conducted entirely through our subsidiaries. Our ability to generate cash to meet our debt and other obligations, to cover all applicable taxes payable and to declare and pay any dividends on our Class A Common Stock is dependent on the earnings and the receipt of funds through distributions from our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries' respective abilities to generate adequate cash depends on a number of factors, including development of reserves, successful acquisitions of complementary properties, advantageous drilling conditions, natural gas, oil prices, compliance with all applicable laws and regulations and other factors.
- Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 14We have never paid cash dividends on our Class A Common Stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Class A Common Stock.
We have never paid cash dividends and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Class A Common Stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain any earnings to finance our operations and growth. As a result, any short-term return on your investment will depend on the market price of our Class A Common Stock, and only appreciation of the price of our Class A Common Stock, which may never occur, will provide a return to stockholders. The decision whether to pay dividends will be made by our board of directors in light of conditions then existing, including, but not limited to, factors such as our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, business conditions, and covenants under any applicable contractual arrangements. Investors seeking cash dividends should not invest in our Class A Common Stock.
- Debt & Financing - Risk 15Restrictions in our current and future debt agreements and credit facilities could limit our growth and our ability to engage in certain activities.
Consistent with the previously disclosed commitment letter (the "Debt Commitment Letter") between HNRA and First International Bank & Trust ("FIBT" or "Lender"), in connection with the Closing, HNRA (for purposes of the Loan Agreement, the "Borrower"), OpCo, SPAC Subsidiary, Pogo, and LH Operating, LLC (for purposes of the Loan Agreement, collectively, the "Guarantors" and together with the Borrower, the "Loan Parties"), and FIBT entered into a Senior Secured Term Loan Agreement on November 15, 2023 (the "Loan Agreement"), setting forth the terms of a senior secured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $28 million (the "Term Loan"). The Term Loan contains certain customary representations and warranties and various covenants and restrictive provisions that limit our ability to, among other things: - incur or guarantee additional debt;- enter into certain hedging contracts;- pay dividends on, or redeem or repurchase, their equity interests, return capital to the holders of their equity interests, or make other distributions to holders of their equity interests;- amend our organizational documents or certain material contracts;- make certain investments and acquisitions;- incur certain liens or permit them to exist;- enter into certain types of transactions with affiliates;- merge or consolidate with another company;- transfer, sell or otherwise dispose of assets;- enter into certain other lines of business;- repay or redeem certain debt;- use the proceeds from the Term Loan for certain purposes;- allow certain gas imbalances, take-or-pay, or other prepayments; A failure to comply with the provisions of the Term Loan could result in an event of default, which could enable the Lender to declare, subject to the terms and conditions of the Term Loan, any outstanding principal of that debt, together with accrued and unpaid interest, to be immediately due and payable. If the payment of the debt is accelerated, cash flows from our operations may be insufficient to repay such debt in full. The Term Loan contains events of default customary for transactions of this nature, including the occurrence of a change of control.
- Debt & Financing - Risk 16If we are unable to comply with the restrictions and covenants in our debt agreements, there could be an event of default under the terms of such agreements, which could result in an acceleration of repayment.
If we are unable to comply with the restrictions and covenants in the Term Loan Agreement, the Seller Note or any future debt agreement or if we default under the terms of the Term Loan Agreement, the Seller Note or any future debt agreement, there could be an event of default. Our ability to comply with these restrictions and covenants, including meeting any financial ratios and tests, may be affected by events beyond our control. We cannot assure that we will be able to comply with these restrictions and covenants or meet such financial ratios and tests. In the event of a default under the Term Loan Agreement, the Seller Note or any future debt agreement, the lenders could terminate accelerate the loans and declare all amounts borrowed due and payable. If any of these events occur, our assets might not be sufficient to repay in full all of our outstanding indebtedness and we may be unable to find alternative financing. Even if we could obtain alternative financing, it might not be on terms that are favorable or acceptable to us. Additionally, we may not be able to amend the Term Loan Agreement, the Seller Note or any future debt agreement or obtain needed waivers on satisfactory terms. There can be no assurance that, if needed to avoid noncompliance with our debt agreements in the future, we will obtain the necessary waivers from the applicable lenders on satisfactory terms or at all. As a result, there could be an event of default under such agreements, which could result in an acceleration of repayment.
- Debt & Financing - Risk 17Our debt levels may limit our flexibility to obtain additional financing and pursue other business opportunities.
Our existing and any future indebtedness could have important consequences to it, including: - our ability to obtain additional financing, if necessary, for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other purposes may be impaired, or such financing may not be available on terms acceptable to it;- covenants in the Term Loan require, and in any future credit and debt arrangement may require, us to meet financial tests that may affect our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in its business, including possible acquisition opportunities;- our access to the capital markets may be limited;- our borrowing costs may increase;- we will use a portion of its discretionary cash flows to make principal and interest payments on its indebtedness, reducing the funds that would otherwise be available for operations, future business opportunities and payment of dividends to its stockholders; and - our debt level will make us more vulnerable than competitors with less debt to competitive pressures or a downturn in its business or the economy generally. Our ability to service our indebtedness will depend upon, among other things, our future financial and operating performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, regulatory and other factors, some of which are beyond its control. If our operating results are not sufficient to service its current or future indebtedness, we will be forced to take actions such as reducing distributions, reducing or delaying business activities, acquisitions, investments and/or capital expenditures, selling assets, restructuring or refinancing its indebtedness, or seeking additional equity capital or bankruptcy protection. We may not be able to effect any of these remedies on satisfactory terms or at all.
- Debt & Financing - Risk 18Our borrowings under the Term Loan Agreement expose us to interest rate risk.
Our results of operations are exposed to interest rate risk associated with borrowings under the Term Loan Agreement, which bears interest at rates based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") or an alternative floating interest rate benchmark. In response to inflation, the U.S. Federal Reserve increased interest rates multiple times in 2022 and 2023 and signaled that additional interest rate increases should be expected in 2024. Raising or lowering of interest rates by the U.S. Federal Reserve generally causes an increase or decrease, respectively, in SOFR and other floating interest rate benchmarks. As such, if interest rates increase, so will our interest costs. If interest rates continue to increase, it may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
- Debt & Financing - Risk 19Pogo currently plans to enter hedging arrangements with respect to the production of crude oil, and possibly natural gas which is a smaller portion of the reserves. Pogo will mitigate the exposure to the impact of decreases in the prices by establishing a hedging plan and structure that protects the earnings to a reasonable level, and the debt service requirements.
Pogo does currently plan to enter into hedging arrangements to establish, in advance, a price for the sale of the crude oil and possibly natural gas produced from its properties. The hedging plan and structure will be at a level to balance the debt service requirements and also allow Pogo to realize the benefit of any short-term increase in the price of crude oil and natural gas. A portion of the crude oil and natural gas produced from its properties will not be protected against decreases in the price of crude oil and natural gas, or prolonged periods of low commodity prices. Hedging arrangements may limit Pogo's ability to realize the benefit of rising prices and may result in hedging losses. The intent of the hedging arrangements is to mitigate the volatility in its cash flows due to fluctuations in the price of crude oil and natural gas. However, these hedging activities may not be as effective as our company intends in reducing the volatility of its cash flows and, if entered into, are subject to the risks of the terms of the derivative instruments derivative contract, there may be a change in the expected differential between the underlying commodity price in the derivative instrument and the actual price received, our company's hedging policies and procedures may not be properly followed and the steps our company takes to monitor its derivative financial instruments may not detect and prevent violations of its risk management policies and procedures, particularly if deception or other intentional misconduct is involved. Further, our company may be limited in receiving the full benefit of increases in crude oil as a result of these hedging transactions. The occurrence of any of these risks could prevent Pogo from realizing the benefit of a derivative contract.
- Debt & Financing - Risk 20Increased costs of capital could adversely affect Pogo's business.
Pogo's business and ability to make acquisitions could be harmed by factors such as the availability, terms, and cost of capital, increases in interest rates or a reduction in its credit rating. Changes in any one or more of these factors could cause Pogo's cost of doing business to increase, limit its access to capital, limit its ability to pursue acquisition opportunities, and place it at a competitive disadvantage. A significant reduction in the availability of capital could materially and adversely affect Pogo's ability to achieve its planned growth and operating results. For example, during 2022 and the first half of 2023, the Federal Reserve raised the target range for the federal funds rate by 525 basis points to a range of 5.25% to 5.50% as of August, 2023. Furthermore, the Federal Reserve has signaled that additional rate increases are likely to occur for the foreseeable future. An increase in the interest rates associated with our floating rate debt would increase our debt service costs and affect our results of operations and cash flow available for payments of our debt obligations. In addition, an increase in interest rates could adversely affect our future ability to obtain financing or materially increase the cost of any additional financing.
- Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 21Acquisitions and Pogo's development of Pogo's leases will require substantial capital, and our company may be unable to obtain needed capital or financing on satisfactory terms or at all.
The crude oil and natural gas industry is capital intensive. Pogo made substantial capital expenditures in connection with the acquisition and development of its properties. Our company may continue to make substantial capital expenditures in connection with the acquisition and development of properties. Our company will finance capital expenditures primarily with funding from cash generated by operations and borrowings under its revolving credit facility. In the future, Pogo may need capital more than the amounts it retains in its business or borrows under its revolving credit facility. The level of borrowing base available under Pogo's revolving credit facility is largely based on its estimated proved reserves and its lenders' price decks and underwriting standards in the reserve-based lending space and may be reduced to the extent commodity prices decrease and cause underwriting standards to tighten or the lending syndication market is not sufficiently liquid to obtain lender commitments to a full borrowing base in an amount appropriate for Pogo's assets. Furthermore, Pogo cannot assure you that it will be able to access other external capital on terms favorable to it or at all. For example, a significant decline in prices for crude oil and broader economic turmoil may adversely impact Pogo's ability to secure financing in the capital markets on favorable terms. Additionally, Pogo's ability to secure financing or access the capital markets could be adversely affected if financial institutions and institutional lenders elect not to provide funding for fossil fuel energy companies in connection with the adoption of sustainable lending initiatives or are required to adopt policies that have the effect of reducing the funding available to the fossil fuel sector. If Pogo is unable to fund its capital requirements, Pogo may be unable to complete acquisitions, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on its results of operation and free cash flow. Pogo is also dependent on the availability of external debt, equity financing sources and operating cash flows to maintain its development program. If those financing sources are not available on favorable terms or at all, then Pogo expects the development of its properties to be adversely affected. If the development of Pogo's properties is adversely affected, then revenues from Pogo's operations may decline. If we issue additional equity securities or securities convertible into equity securities, existing stockholders will experience dilution and the new equity securities could have rights senior to those of our Class A Common Stock.
- Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 22Any acquisitions that Pogo completes will be subject to substantial risks.
Even if Pogo makes acquisitions that it believes will increase its cash generated from operations, these acquisitions may nevertheless result in a decrease in its cash flows. Any acquisition involves potential risks, including, among other things: - the validity of Pogo's assumptions about estimated proved reserves, future production, prices, revenues, capital expenditures, the operating expenses and costs to develop the reserves;- a decrease in Pogo's liquidity by using a significant portion of its cash generated from operations or borrowing capacity to finance acquisitions;- a significant increase in Pogo's interest expense or financial leverage if it incurs debt to finance acquisitions;- the assumption of unknown liabilities, losses or costs for which Pogo is not indemnified or for which any indemnity it receives is inadequate;- mistaken assumptions about the overall cost of equity or debt;- Pogo's ability to obtain satisfactory title to the assets it acquires;- an inability to hire, train or retain qualified personnel to manage and operate Pogo's growing business and assets;- and the occurrence of other significant changes, such as impairment of crude oil and natural gas properties, goodwill or other intangible assets, asset devaluation or restructuring charges.
- Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 23Pogo may acquire properties that do not produce as projected, and it may be unable to determine reserve potential, identify liabilities associated with such properties or obtain protection from sellers against such liabilities.
Acquiring crude oil and natural gas properties requires Pogo to assess reservoir and infrastructure characteristics, including recoverable reserves, development and operating costs and potential environmental and other liabilities. Such assessments are inexact and inherently uncertain. In connection with the assessments, Pogo performs a review of the subject properties, but such a review will not necessarily reveal all existing or potential problems. In the course of Pogo's due diligence, it may not inspect every well or pipeline. Pogo cannot necessarily observe structural and environmental problems, such as pipe corrosion, when an inspection is made. Pogo may not be able to obtain contractual indemnities from the seller for liabilities created prior to its purchase of the property. Pogo may be required to assume the risk of the physical condition of the properties in addition to the risk that the properties may not perform in accordance with its expectations.
- Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 24Pogo's failure to successfully identify, complete and integrate acquisitions of properties or businesses could materially and adversely affect its growth, results of operations and cash flows.
Pogo depends, in part, on acquisitions to grow its reserves, production and cash flows. Pogo's decision to acquire a property will depend in part on the evaluation of data obtained from production reports and engineering studies, geophysical and geological analyses and seismic data, and other information, the results of which are often inconclusive and subject to various interpretations. The successful acquisition of properties requires an assessment of several factors, including: - recoverable reserves;- future crude oil and natural gas prices and their applicable differentials;- development plans;- operating costs Pogo's E&P operators would incur to develop and operate the properties;- and potential environmental and other liabilities that E&P operators may incur. The accuracy of these assessments is inherently uncertain and Pogo may not be able to identify attractive acquisition opportunities. In connection with these assessments, Pogo performs a review of the subject properties that it believes to be generally consistent with industry practices, given the nature of its interests. Pogo's review will not reveal all existing or potential problems, nor will it permit it to become sufficiently familiar with the properties to assess fully their deficiencies and capabilities. Inspections are often not performed on every well, and environmental problems, such as groundwater contamination, are not necessarily observable even when an inspection is undertaken. Even when problems are identified, the seller may be unwilling or unable to provide effective contractual protection against all or part of the problems. Even if Pogo does identify attractive acquisition opportunities, it may not be able to complete the acquisition or do so on commercially acceptable terms. Unless Pogo further develops its existing properties, it will depend on acquisitions to grow its reserves, production and cash flow. There is intense competition for acquisition opportunities in Pogo's industry. Competition for acquisitions may increase the cost of, or cause Pogo to refrain from, completing acquisitions. Additionally, acquisition opportunities vary over time. Pogo's ability to complete acquisitions is dependent upon, among other things, its ability to obtain debt and equity financing and, in some cases, regulatory approvals. Further, these acquisitions may be in geographic regions in which Pogo does not currently hold assets, which could result in unforeseen operating difficulties. In addition, if Pogo acquires interests in new states, it may be subject to additional and unfamiliar legal and regulatory requirements. Compliance with regulatory requirements may impose substantial additional obligations on Pogo and its management, cause it to expend additional time and resources in compliance activities and increase its exposure to penalties or fines for non-compliance with such additional legal requirements. Further, the success of any completed acquisition will depend on Pogo's ability to effectively integrate the acquired business into its existing business. The process of integrating acquired businesses may involve unforeseen difficulties and may require a disproportionate amount of Pogo's managerial and financial resources. In addition, potential future acquisitions may be larger and for purchase prices significantly higher than those paid for earlier acquisitions. No assurance can be given that Pogo will be able to identify suitable acquisition opportunities, negotiate acceptable terms, obtain financing for acquisitions on acceptable terms or successfully acquire identified targets. Pogo's failure to achieve consolidation savings, to integrate the acquired assets into its existing operations successfully or to minimize any unforeseen difficulties could materially and adversely affect its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The inability to effectively manage these acquisitions could reduce Pogo's focus on subsequent acquisitions and current operations, which, in turn, could negatively impact its growth, results of operations and cash flows.
- Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 25Pogo's future success depends on replacing reserves through acquisitions and the exploration and development activities.
Producing crude oil and natural gas wells are characterized by declining production rates that vary depending upon reservoir characteristics and other factors. Pogo's future crude oil and natural gas reserves and Pogo's production thereof and Pogo's cash flows are highly dependent on the successful development and exploitation of Pogo's current reserves and its ability to successfully acquire additional reserves that are economically recoverable. Moreover, the production decline rates of Pogo's properties may be significantly higher than currently estimated if the wells on its properties do not produce as expected. Pogo may also not be able to find, acquire or develop additional reserves to replace the current and future production of its properties at economically acceptable terms. If Pogo is not able to replace or grow its oil and natural gas reserves, its business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
Risk Highlights Q3, 2024
Risk Word Cloud
Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 63
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1We may redeem your public warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you, thereby making such warrants worthless.
We may redeem your public warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you, thereby making such warrants worthless. We have the ability to redeem outstanding public warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the closing price of the shares of the Class A Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for share subdivisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which a notice of redemption is sent to the warrantholders. Please note that the closing price of our Class A Common Stock has not exceeded $18.00 per share for any of the 30 trading days prior to the date of this report. We will not redeem the warrants as described above unless a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of the Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants is effective and a current prospectus relating to shares of the Class A Common Stock is available throughout the 30-day redemption period. If and when the public warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. Redemption of the outstanding public warrants could force you (i) to exercise your public warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so, (ii) to sell your public warrants s at the then-current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your public warrants, or (iii) to accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding public warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of your public warrants. The value received upon exercise of the public warrants (1) may be less than the value the holders would have received if they had exercised their public warrants at a later time where the underlying share price is higher and (2) may not compensate the holders for the value of the public warrants. The fair value of the public warrants that may be retained by redeeming shareholders is $1.1 million based on recent trading prices, and 8,625,000 public warrants held by public shareholders.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2We may amend the terms of the public warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders of public warrants with the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then-outstanding public warrants. As a result, the exercise price of the public warrants could be increased, the exercise period could be shortened and the number of shares of our Class A Common Stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant could be decreased, all without a holder's approval.
Our public warrants were issued in registered form under a warrant agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and us. The warrant agreement provides that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder (i) to cure any ambiguity or to correct any mistake, including to conform the provisions therein to the descriptions of the terms of the warrants, or to cure, correct or supplement any defective provision, or (ii) to add or change any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under the warrant agreement as the parties to the warrant agreement may deem necessary or desirable and that the parties deem to not adversely affect the interests of the registered holders of the warrants. The warrant agreement requires the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then-outstanding public warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of public warrants. Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the public warrants in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 50% of the then-outstanding public warrants approve of such amendment. Although our ability to amend the terms of the public warrants with the consent of at least 50% of the then-outstanding public warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the warrants, convert the warrants into cash or stock (at a ratio different than initially provided), shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of shares of our Class A Common Stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3Purchases made pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement will be made at a discount to the volume weighted average price of Class A Common Stock, which may result in negative pressure on the stock price following the Closing of the Purchase.
On October 17, 2022, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the "Common Stock Purchase Agreement") and a related registration rights agreement (the "White Lion RRA") with White Lion Capital, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company ("White Lion"). Pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation to require White Lion to purchase, from time to time, up to $150,000,000 in aggregate gross purchase price of newly issued shares of our Class A Common Stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. On March 7, 2024, the Company entered into an Amendment No. 1 to Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the "White Lion Amendment") with White Lion. Pursuant to the White Lion Amendment, the Company and White Lion agreed to a fixed number of Commitment Shares equal to 440,000 shares of Common Stock to be issued to White Lion in consideration for commitments of White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, which the Company agreed to include all of the Commitment Shares on the initial registration statement filed by the Company related to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. We are obligated under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement and the White Lion RRA to file a registration statement with the SEC to register the Class A Common Stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for the resale by White Lion of shares of Class A Common Stock that we may issue to White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. The purchase price to be paid by White Lion for any shares of Class A Common Stock will equal 96% of the lowest daily volume-weighted average price of Class A Common Stock during a period of two consecutive trading days following the applicable Notice Date. Such purchases will dilute our stockholders and could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our Class A Common Stock and impair our ability to raise capital through future offerings of equity or equity-linked securities, although we intend to carefully control such purchases as to minimize the impact. Accordingly, the adverse market and price pressures resulting from the purchase and registration of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement may continue for an extended period of time and continued negative pressure on the market price of our Class A Common Stock could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise additional equity capital.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares of Class A Common Stock, if any, we will sell under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement to White Lion or the actual gross proceeds resulting from those sales.
We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of the Class A Common Stock to White under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. Sales of Class A Common Stock, if any, to White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to White Lion all, some or none of the Class A Common Stock that may be available for us to sell to White Lion pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. Because the purchase price per share of Class A Common Stock to be paid by White Lion will fluctuate based on the market prices of the Class A Common Stock at the time we elect to sell Class A Common Stock to White Lion pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, if any, it is not possible for us to predict, as of the date of this report and prior to any such sales, the number of shares of Class A Common Stock that we will sell to White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, the purchase price per share that White Lion will pay for Class A Common Stock purchased from us under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases by White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. The number of shares of Class A Common Stock ultimately offered for sale by White Lion is dependent upon the number of shares of Class A Common Stock, if any, we ultimately elect to sell to White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. However, even if we elect to sell Class A Common Stock to White Lion pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, White Lion may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its sole discretion and at different prices. Because the purchase price per share to be paid by White Lion for the shares of Class A Common Stock that we may elect to sell to White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our common stock for each purchase made pursuant to the Common Stock, if any, it is not possible for us to predict, as of the date of this report and prior to any such sales, the number of shares of Class A Common Stock that we will sell to White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, the purchase price per share that While Lion will pay for shares purchased from us under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases by White Lion under the Purchase Agreement, if any.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5The sale and issuance of Class A Common Stock to White Lion will cause dilution to our existing securityholders, and the resale of the Class A Common Stock acquired by White Lion, or the perception that such resales may occur, could cause the price of our Class A Common Stock to decrease.
The purchase price per share of Class A Common Stock to be paid by White Lion for the Class A Common Stock that we may elect to sell to White Lion under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our Class A Common Stock at the time we elect to sell Class A Common Stock to White Lion pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. Depending on market liquidity at the time, resales of such Class A Common Stock by White Lion may cause the trading price of our Class A Common Stock to decrease. If and when we elect to sell Class A Common Stock to White Lion, sales of newly issued Class A Common Stock by us to White Lion could result in substantial dilution to the interests of existing holders of our Class A Common Stock. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of Class A Common Stock to White Lion, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales. We expect to grant equity awards to employees and directors under our equity incentive plans. We may also raise capital through equity financings in the future. As part of our business strategy, we may make or receive investments in companies, solutions or technologies and issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition or investment. Any such issuances of additional share capital may cause shareholders to experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the per share value of our Class A Common Stock to decline.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6Investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices than White Lion.
Pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, we will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold to White Lion. If and when we do elect to sell shares of our Class A Common Stock to White Lion pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, after White Lion has acquired such shares, White Lion may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from White Lion in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from White Lion in this offering as a result of future sales made by us to White Lion at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares in this offering.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7Management will have broad discretion as to the use of the proceeds from the sale of shares to White Lion, and uses may not improve our financial condition or market value.
Because we have not designated the amount of net proceeds from the sale of shares of our Class A Common Stock to be used for any particular purpose, our management will have broad discretion as to the application of such net proceeds and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated hereby. Our management may use the net proceeds for corporate purposes that may not improve our financial condition or market value.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 8If equity research analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade our Class A Common Stock, the market price of our Class A Common Stock will likely decline.
The trading market for our Class A Common Stock will rely in part on the research and reports that equity research analysts, over whom we have no control, publish about us and our business. We may never obtain research coverage by securities and industry analysts. If no securities or industry analysts commence coverage of our company, the market price for our Class A Common Stock could decline. In the event we obtain securities or industry analyst coverage, the market price of our Class A Common Stock could decline if one or more equity analysts downgrade our Class A Common Stock or if those analysts issue unfavorable commentary, even if it is inaccurate, or cease publishing reports about us or our business.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 9The sale or availability for sale of substantial amounts of our Class A Common Stock could adversely affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock.
Sales of substantial amounts of shares of our Class A Common Stock, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock and could impair our future ability to raise capital through common stock offerings.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 10Our stock price may be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors and litigation.
In addition to changes to market prices based on our results of operations and the factors discussed elsewhere in this "Risk Factors" section, the market price of and trading volume for our Class A Common Stock may change for a variety of other reasons, not necessarily related to our actual operating performance. The capital markets have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our Class A Common Stock. In addition, the average daily trading volume of the securities of small companies can be very low, which may contribute to future volatility. Factors that could cause the market price of our Class A Common Stock to fluctuate significantly include: - the results of operating and financial performance and prospects of other companies in our industry;- strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;- announcements of innovations, increased service capabilities, new or terminated customers or new, amended or terminated contracts by our competitors;- the public's reaction to our press releases, other public announcements, and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission;- lack of securities analyst coverage or speculation in the press or investment community about us or market opportunities in our industry;- changes in government policies in the United States;- changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities or research analysts who track our Class A Common Stock or failure of our actual results of operations to meet those expectations;- market and industry perception of our success, or lack thereof, in pursuing our growth strategy;- changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles;- any lawsuit involving us, our services or our products;- arrival and departure of key personnel;- sales of Class A Common Stock by us, our investors or members of our management team; and - changes in general market, economic and political conditions in the United States and global economies or financial markets, including those resulting from natural or man-made disasters. Any of these factors, as well as broader market and industry factors, may result in large and sudden changes in the trading volume of our Class A Common Stock and could seriously harm the market price of our Class A Common Stock, regardless of our operating performance. This may prevent you from being able to sell your shares at or above the price you paid for your shares of our Class A Common Stock, if at all. In addition, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company's securities, stockholders often institute securities class action litigation against that company. Our involvement in any class action suit or other legal proceeding could divert our senior management's attention and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 11The NYSE American may delist our securities from trading on its exchange, which could limit investors' ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.
We have listed our Class A Common Stock and public warrants on the NYSE American. Although we have met the minimum initial listing standards set forth in the NYSE American rules, we cannot assure you that our securities will be, or will continue to be, listed on the NYSE American in the future. In order to continue listing our securities on the NYSE American, we must maintain certain financial, distribution and stock price levels. Generally, we must maintain a minimum amount in stockholders' equity (generally $2,500,000) and a minimum number of holders of our securities (generally 300 public holders). If the NYSE American delists our securities from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including: - a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;- reduced liquidity for our securities;- a determination that our Class A Common Stock is a "penny stock" which will require brokers trading in our Class A Common Stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;- a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and - a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 12We have not held an annual meeting of stockholders and you will not be entitled to any of the corporate protections provided by such a meeting.
In accordance with the NYSE American corporate governance requirements, we are not required to hold an annual meeting until one year after our first fiscal year end following our listing on the NYSE American. Under Section 211(b) of the DGCL, we are, however, required to hold an annual meeting of stockholders for the purposes of electing directors in accordance with a company's bylaws unless such election is made by written consent in lieu of such a meeting. We did not hold an annual meeting of stockholders to elect new directors prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, and thus, we may not be in compliance with Section 211(b) of the DGCL, which requires an annual meeting.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 13In our Initial Public Offering, we did not register the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants sold as part of the units under the Securities Act or any state securities laws, and such registration may not be in place when an investor desires to exercise such warrants, thus precluding such investor from being able to exercise such warrants except on a cashless basis and potentially causing such warrants to expire worthless.
We did not register the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants sold as part of the units in our Initial Public Offering under the Securities Act or any state securities laws. However, under the terms of the warrant agreement, we have agreed that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 15 business days after the closing of our initial business combination, we will use our reasonable best efforts to file, and within 60 business days after the closing of our initial business combination, to have declared effective, a registration statement relating to the Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants, and to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of Class A Common Stock until the expiration of the warrants in accordance with the provisions of the warrant agreement. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so if, for example, any facts or events arise which represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement or prospectus, the financial statements contained or incorporated by reference therein are not current or correct or the SEC issues a stop order. If the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants are not registered under the Securities Act, we will be required to permit holders to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis. However, no warrant will be exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, and we will not be obligated to issue any shares to holders seeking to exercise their warrants, unless the issuance of the shares upon such exercise is registered or qualified under the securities laws of the state of the exercising holder or an exemption from registration or qualification is available. Notwithstanding the above, if our Class A Common Stock is at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that it satisfies the definition of a "covered security" under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, we may, at our option, require holders of public warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a "cashless basis" in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event we so elect, we will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, but we will use our best efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available. In no event will we be required to net cash settle any warrant, or issue securities or other compensation in exchange for the warrants in the event that we are unable to register or qualify the shares underlying the warrants under applicable state securities laws. If the issuance of the shares upon exercise of the warrants is not so registered or qualified or exempt from registration or qualification, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant and such warrant may have no value and expire worthless. In such event, holders who acquired their warrants as part of a purchase of units will have paid the full unit purchase price solely for the shares of Class A Common Stock included in the units. We may not redeem the warrants when a holder may not exercise such warrants.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 14The grant of registration rights to our Sponsor in respect of its founder shares and private placement shares and the grant of registration rights to holders of other securities, and the future exercise of such rights, may adversely affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock.
Pursuant to an agreement entered into concurrently with the issuance and sale of the securities in our Initial Public Offering, our Sponsor and its permitted transferees can demand that we register their founder shares at the time of our initial business combination. In addition, our Sponsor and its permitted transferees can demand that we register their private placement shares and private placement warrants (and shares underlying such constituent securities), and holders of warrants that issued upon conversion of working capital loan may demand that we register such warrants or the Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants. We will bear the cost of registering these securities. The registration and availability of such a significant number of securities for trading in the public market may have an adverse effect on the market price of our Class A Common Stock.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 15Certain of our executive officers and directors are now, and all of them may in the future become, affiliated with entities engaged in business activities similar to those conducted by us.
Our executive officers and directors are, or may in the future become, affiliated with entities that are engaged in business activities similar to our own. Our officers and directors also may become aware of business opportunities which may be appropriate for presentation to us and the other entities to which they owe certain fiduciary or contractual duties. Accordingly, they may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented. These conflicts may not be resolved in our favor and a potential target business may be presented to another entity prior to its presentation to us. Our Second A&R Charter provides that we renounce our interest in any corporate opportunity offered to any director or officer unless such opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of our company and such opportunity is one we are legally and contractually permitted to undertake and would otherwise be reasonable for us to pursue.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 16The JOBS Act permits "emerging growth companies" like us to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.
We qualify as an "emerging growth company" as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. As such, we take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including (a) the exemption from the auditor attestation requirements with respect to internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (b) the exemptions from say-on-pay, say-on-frequency and say-on-golden parachute voting requirements and (c) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they deem important. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (a) the last day of the fiscal year of (i) the fifth anniversary of the closing of our Initial Public Offering, or December 31, 2027, (ii) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion (as adjusted for inflation pursuant to SEC rules from time to time) or (iii) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our Class A Common Stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our prior second fiscal quarter, and (b) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three year period. In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the exemption from complying with new or revised accounting standards provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act as long as we are an emerging growth company. An emerging growth company can therefore delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected to irrevocably opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we will adopt the new or revised standard at the time public companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another emerging growth company that has not opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used. We cannot predict if investors will find our Class A Common Stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Class A Common Stock less attractive as a result, there may be less active trading market for our Class A Common Stock and our stock price may be more volatile.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 17The Second A&R Charter designates state courts within the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit stockholders' ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents.
The Second A&R Charter provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, (a) the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the company, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by, or other wrongdoing by, any current or former director, officer, employee or agent of the company to us or our stockholders, or a claim of aiding and abetting any such breach of fiduciary duty, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers, employees or agents arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the Second A&R Charter (as may be amended, restated, modified, supplemented or waived from time to time), (iv) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the Second A&R Charter (as may be amended, restated, modified, supplemented or waived from time to time), (v) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers, employees or agents that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine or (vi) any action asserting an "internal corporate claim" as that term is defined in Section 115 of the DGCL. In addition, the Second A&R Charter provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Second A&R Charter provides that the exclusive forum provision will not apply to claims seeking to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the U.S. federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims, although our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
- Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 18The Second A&R Charter contains a waiver of the corporate opportunities doctrine for our directors and officers, and therefore such persons have no obligations to make opportunities available to us.
The "corporate opportunities" doctrine provides that directors and officers of a corporation, as part of their duty of loyalty to the corporation and its shareholders, generally have a fiduciary duty to disclose opportunities to the corporation that are related to its business and are prohibited from pursuing those opportunities unless the corporation determines that it is not going to pursue them. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation waives the corporate opportunities doctrine. It states that, to the extent allowed by law, the doctrine of corporate opportunity, or any other analogous doctrine, shall not apply with respect to us or any of our officers or directors or any of their respective affiliates, in circumstances where the application of any such doctrine would conflict with any fiduciary duties or contractual obligations they may have as of the date of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation or in the future, and we renounce any expectancy that any of pir directors or officers will offer any such corporate opportunity of which he or she may become aware to us, except, the doctrine of corporate opportunity shall apply with respect to any of our directors or officers with respect to a corporate opportunity that was offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the company and (i) such opportunity is one that we are legally and contractually permitted to undertake and would otherwise be reasonable for us to pursue and (ii) the director or officer is permitted to refer that opportunity to us without violating any legal obligation. Our directors and officers or their respective affiliates may pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business and, as a result of the waiver described above, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. In addition, our directors and officers or their respective affiliates may have an interest in pursuing acquisitions, divestitures and other transactions that, in its judgment, could enhance its investment, even though such transactions might involve risks to you.
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