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JX Luxventure (KBP0) Risk Analysis

Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning. JX Luxventure disclosed 65 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. JX Luxventure reported the most risks in the “Finance & Corporate” category.

Risk Overview Q4, 2023

Source: the company's latest filing for the period ended Dec 31, 2023, filed May 15, 2024

Risk Distribution
65Risks
Sector Avg.Finance & CorporateTech & InnovationLegal & RegulatoryProductionAbility to SellMacro & Political
Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy

Risk Change Over Time

JX Luxventure disclosed risks per quarterNo. of Risks616263646566Q4Q4Showing: Q4, 2023
Risks removedRisks addedRisks changedJX Luxventure Risk Factors
New Risk (5)
  • Debt & Financing - Risk 1
    We may rely on dividends and other distributions of equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. To the extent funds or assets in the business are in the PRC or are held by a PRC entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of our company or the operating entities by the PRC government to transfer cash or assets outside the PRC"

    We rely principally on dividends and other distributions of equity from our PRC subsidiaries for our cash requirements, including for services of any debt we may incur. The PRC rules and regulations impose restrictions and limitations on transfer of cash on foreign exchange, our ability to transfer cash between entities, across borders and to U.S. investors, and our ability to distribute earnings from our subsidiaries to JX Luxventure Limited and holders of the common stock of the Company. Our PRC subsidiaries' ability to distribute dividends is based upon their distributable earnings. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to their respective shareholders only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our PRC subsidiaries, as a Foreign Invested Enterprise, or FIE, are required to draw 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a common reserve, which may stop drawing its after-tax profits if the aggregate balance of the common reserve has already accounted for over 50 percent of its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. If our PRC subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to distribute dividends or other payments to their respective shareholders could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends or otherwise fund and conduct our business. To the extent cash or assets in the business is in the PRC/Hong Kong or a PRC/Hong Kong entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC/Hong Kong due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of you and your subsidiaries by the PRC government to transfer cash or assets. In addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax rate of up to 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises are incorporated. Pursuant to the tax agreement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the withholding tax rate in respect to the payment of dividends by a PRC enterprise to a Hong Kong enterprise may be reduced to 5% from a standard rate of 10%. However, if the relevant tax authorities determine that our transactions or arrangements are for the primary purpose of enjoying a favorable tax treatment, the relevant tax authorities may adjust the favorable withholding tax in the future. Accordingly, there is no assurance that the reduced 5% withholding rate will apply to dividends received by our Hong Kong subsidiary from our PRC subsidiaries. This withholding tax will reduce the amount of dividends we may receive from our PRC subsidiaries.

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Risk Highlights Q4, 2023

Main Risk Category
Finance & Corporate
With 20 Risks
Number of Disclosed Risks
65
+3
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 32
Recent Changes
5Risks added
2Risks removed
3Risks changed
Since Dec 2023
Number of Risk Changed
3
-6
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 1

Risk Word Cloud

you may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in china against us or our management named in the report based on foreign laws.effecting service of legal processwe may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.effective system of internal controlif we fail to obtain requisite approvals or licenses or fail to comply with other regulatory requirements applicable to our operations, we may be subject to administrative penalties and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.fail to obtain requisite approvalswe are a "foreign private issuer" and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of u.s. domestic reporting companies. therefore, you should not expect to receive the same information about us as a u.s. domestic reporting company may provide. furthermore, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the nasdaq corporate governance listing standards; these practices may afford less protection to stockholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the nasdaq corporate governance listing standards.nasdaq corporate governance listing standardswe are a "foreign private issuer" and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of u.s. domestic reporting companies. therefore, you should not expect to receive the same information about us as a u.s. domestic reporting company may provide. furthermore, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the nasdaq corporate governance listing standards; these practices may afford less protection to stockholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the nasdaq corporate governance listing standards.relation to corporate governance matterswe have granted, and may continue to grant, stock-based awards to key employees and consultants, which will increase our share-based compensation and may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.stock-based awards to key employeeswe may be accused of infringing intellectual property or proprietary rights of third parties.accused of infringing intellectual propertyif we cannot successfully protect our intellectual property and exclusive rights, our brand and business would suffer.successfully protect our intellectual propertywe have granted, and may continue to grant, stock-based awards to key employees and consultants, which will increase our share-based compensation and may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.increase our share-based compensationif we fail to develop, upgrade and apply our technologies to support and expand our business, our business may be materially and adversely affected.apply our technologies to support

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 65

Share Price & Shareholder Rights10 | 15.4%
  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1
    Holders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.

    We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Holders of shares of our common stock do not own equity securities of our subsidiaries that have substantive business operations in China, but instead are holders of equity securities of a Marshall Islands holding company. Such structure involves unique risks to investors holding shares of our common stock. Although we own and control our PRC operating subsidiaries, investors holding shares of our common stock may never hold equity interests directly in our operating entities. Chinese regulatory authorities could disallow this holding company structure, which would likely result in a material change in our operations and/or a material change in the value of our securities, including that it could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless. In addition, almost all of our assets are located outside the United States, and majority of our directors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, investors may have difficulty serving legal process within the United States upon us or any of these persons. Investors may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against us or these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. They may also have difficulty bringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2
    You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.

    Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in U.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents in the United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates basic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3
    The disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodies in the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of our operations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure.

    Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since substantially all of our operations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are present when reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in the United States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatory authority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight of the capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no local regulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other public pronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4
    The Nasdaq Capital Market imposes listing standards on our Common Stock that may be difficult to fulfill, thereby leading to a possible delisting of our Common Stock. We are currently facing such risk.

    Our Common Stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol "JXJT." We are required to comply with all continued listing requirements, including among other things, a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share of Common Stock (the "Minimum Bid Requirement"), minimum shareholder' equity. certain major corporate transactions, the composition of our Board of Directors and committees thereof. The failure to meet these Nasdaq Capital Market continued listing requirements may result in the delisting of our Common Stock from the Nasdaq Capital Market, which could adversely affect the liquidity and market price thereof. In the past, the Company's common stock felt below the Minimum Bid Requirement. On October 24, 2022, the Company received its first letter (the "Notice") from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq") notifying the Company that, based upon the closing bid price of its common stock for the last 30 consecutive business days preceding the Notice, the Company was not in compliance with the Minimum Bid Requirement. The Notice provided the Company a period of 180 calendar days from the date of the Notice, or until April 24, 2023. The Company effected a Reverse Stock Split on April 26, 2023, but did not regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Requirement by April 24, 2023. On April 25, 2023, the Company received the determination letter from Nasdaq (the "Determination Letter") that it failed to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Requirement. On April 26, 2023, the Company submitted a request for a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel to present its plan to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Requirement. On May 23, 2023, Nasdaq notified the Company in its compliance letter (the "Compliance Letter") that it regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Requirement and that the hearing previously scheduled for May 25, 2023 (the hearing was related to regaining compliance with the Minimum Bid Requirement) has been canceled. The Compliance Letter also stated that the Company is in compliance with all applicable listing standards and that its stock will continue to be listed and traded on Nasdaq. We also cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with all requirements for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market in the future. If we fail to maintain these Nasdaq listing requirements, our Common Stock will be delisted. If our Common Stock is no longer listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the over-the-counter market. If our shares were to trade on the over-the-counter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts' coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, broker-dealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lower prices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from the Nasdaq Capital Market and continued or further declines in our share price could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownership dilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5
    If we were delisted from Nasdaq, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by "Penny Stocks" in the over-the-counter market.

    Delisting from Nasdaq may cause our shares of Common Stock to become the SEC's "penny stock" rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is to be listed on Nasdaq. The market price of our Common Stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our Common Stock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from Nasdaq Capital Market, our Common Stock may become subject to the SEC's "penny stock" rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale of our securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the broker and its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer's accounts. A broker would be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on the customer's confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirements may make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure that such information is accurate, complete or current.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6
    The market price of our Common Stock may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance based on numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control.

    There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, that may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. These factors include: - our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financial market analysts and investors;- the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these projections;- actions of securities analysts who initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our Company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;- price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a result of trends in the economy as a whole; speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;- significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;- customer demand for our products;- investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;- the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;- general economic conditions and trends;- major catastrophic events;- announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;- changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;- loss of external funding sources;- sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and - additions or departures of key personnel. Securities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs to us and divert our management's attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price and volume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States, China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of our shares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7
    If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they publish a negative report regarding our Common Stock, the price of our Common Stock and trading volume could decline.

    The trading market for our Common Stock may depend in part on the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade us, the price of our Common Stock would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our Company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause the price of our Common Stock and the trading volume to decline.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 8
    We are a "foreign private issuer" and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should not expect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards; these practices may afford less protection to stockholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards.

    We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we are not required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also required to file our annual report on Form 20-F with the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that is required from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. As a foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups of investors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the anti-fraud and anti-manipulation rules of the SEC, such as Rule 10b-5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domestic reporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is received from, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreign private issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. As a foreign private issuer, we are also permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. This may afford less protection to holders of our securities. We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not required to: - have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of "independent directors; and - hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company's fiscal year-end. As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 9
    Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of Common Stock could depress our stock price.

    As of the date of this Annual Report, we have 6,063,192 shares of Common Stock outstanding. Many of these shares were either recently registered in the registration statements on Form S-8 pursuant to our equity incentive plans or will become eligible for sale in the public market, subject to limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, the market price of our Common Stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares and investors to short the Common Stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shares later at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our Common Stock being offered for sale to increase, the market price of our Common Stock would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.

  • Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 10
    Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of the Company, which could reduce shareholders' opportunity to influence management of the Company.

    Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended (the "Restated Articles") permit our Board to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 (the "Preferred Stock") from time to time, with such rights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferences as to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our Common Stock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock, including voting rights and conversion rights, could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. As of the date of this Annual Report, the Company has created and designated the following series of the Preferred Stock: (i) Series A Convertible Preferred Stock: (ii) Series B Participating Preferred Stock; (iii) Series C Convertible Preferred Stock; and (iv) Series D Convertible Preferred Stock. Sun Lei, our Chief Executive Officer, Interim Financial Officer, co-chairwoman and director, holds 150,000 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock that are convertible into 75,000 shares of our Common Stock, 1,240,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, convertible into 124,000 shares of Common Stock, and 80,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock, convertible into 104,000 shares of Common Stock. The ability of the Board to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a change-in-control, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affect the market price of shares of our Common Stock.

See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?
Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment. They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result. It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.
How do companies disclose their risk factors?
Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process. Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”. Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report. According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.
How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?
Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing. You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector. Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements. A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.
What are all the risk factor categories?
TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below. 1. Financial & Corporate Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results. Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing. Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments. Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances. 2. Legal & Regulatory Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company. Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation. Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy. Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives. 3. Production Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory. Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers. Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls. Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation. 4. Technology & Innovation Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development. Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology. Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks. Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying. 5. Ability to Sell Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers. Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes. Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration. Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation. 6. Macro & Political Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions. Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19. International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company. Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.